Is Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection an Occupational Hazard for Obstetric Nurses? A Serological Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Hatherley
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Obstetric Nurses ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

AbstractThe results are reported of a 4-year prospective study of the incidence of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the nursing staff of a specialist obstetric hospital. The absence of seroconversion found in personnel attending patients with confirmed CMV-infection justifies reassuring staff members in “high-risk” areas of the adequacy of the methods used to combat cross-infection . On the other hand, a low rate of seroconversion (1.2% per annum) in the staff who nurse normal mothers and “rooming-in” babies emphasizes the need for die rigorous observance of hygienic precautions by all personnel in all areas. The results of this Australian investigation are discussed in relation to the northern hemisphere experience of CMV-seroconversion in pediatric nurses.

scholarly journals Transient Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nakayama ◽  
Mitsuteru Akahoshi ◽  
Kensuke Irino ◽  
Yasutaka Kimoto ◽  
Yojiro Arinobu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acute Cytomegalovirus

Viral infection is known to induce transient autoimmunity in humans. Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is implicated in occasional thrombosis formation. We here, for the first time, report a 19-year-old female who had an acute CMV infection, leading to a deep venous thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism along with transient appearance of lupus anticoagulant. The pathological role of antiphospholipid antibodies in CMV-mediated thrombosis is discussed.

scholarly journals Severe Symptomatic Primary CMV Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Low Population Seroprevalence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rowan ◽  
Ciaran Judge ◽  
Mary D. Cannon ◽  
Garret Cullen ◽  
Hugh E. Mulcahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

Background. Cytomegalovirus disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is frequently the result of viral reactivation. Conversely, primary CMV infection is believed to be uncommon in immunocompetent adults due to high population seroprevalence. Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and severity of primary cytomegalovirus infection in an adult cohort of IBD patients. Study Design. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of 3200 IBD patients attending a single academic centre was performed. Patients with primary CMV infection 2010–13 were identified; clinical, serologic, and virologic parameters were studied in detail. The seroprevalence of CMV in the patient population was also evaluated. Results. Eight patients with IBD (UC = 3, IBD-U = 1, CD = 4) presented with primary CMV infection. Patients presented with both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. Mean age was 33 years, and median duration of disease was 72 months. All eight patients were receiving a thiopurine immunomodulator. Median duration of IM use was 144 weeks (range 7–720 weeks). All 8 patients required hospitalisation, with 1 ICU admission; the median length of hospital stay was 11 days (range 6–27). Infection resolved in all cases with withdrawal of immunomodulator and/or antiviral therapy. Seroprevalence of IgG to CMV, indicating prior exposure, in a subgroup of IBD patients (n=80) was 30.5% and increased with age. Conclusion. Primary cytomegalovirus infection can cause a severe illness in IBD patients, particularly those receiving immunosuppression. In areas where adult CMV seroprevalence is low, evidence of CMV should be sought in IBD patients presenting with any febrile systemic illness.

Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Flowers ◽  
James C. Torner ◽  
Barry M. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

Abstract A meta-analysis of six controlled studies was performed to evaluate the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among pediatric nurses. The pooled risk ratio for CMV infection in pediatric nurses using cumulative incidence data was statistically significant (risk ratio [RR] 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 - 5.52), but person-year analysis taking account of follow-up periods demonstrated a trend toward increased risk that failed to reach statistical significance (RR 1.8; 95% CI 0.88 - 3.55). Despite pooling, there was low statistical power for comparing person-year rates. The studies included in this analysis failed to provide data on several potential confounding variables. We conclude that studies published prior to the widespread adoption of universal precautions suggest that pediatric nurses may have been at increased risk for CMV infection due to occupational exposure, but inadequate design and sample size of the studies prevent a definitive conclusion. Well-designed, controlled studies are still needed to define the occupational risk of CMV infection.

Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Flowers ◽  
James C. Torner ◽  
Barry M. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

AbstractA meta-analysis of six controlled studies was performed to evaluate the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among pediatric nurses. The pooled risk ratio for CMV infection in pediatric nurses using cumulative incidence data was statistically significant (risk ratio [RR] 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 - 5.52), but person-year analysis taking account of follow-up periods demonstrated a trend toward increased risk that failed to reach statistical significance (RR 1.8; 95% CI 0.88 - 3.55). Despite pooling, there was low statistical power for comparing person-year rates. The studies included in this analysis failed to provide data on several potential confounding variables. We conclude that studies published prior to the widespread adoption of universal precautions suggest that pediatric nurses may have been at increased risk for CMV infection due to occupational exposure, but inadequate design and sample size of the studies prevent a definitive conclusion. Well-designed, controlled studies are still needed to define the occupational risk of CMV infection.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Standard Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Pregnant Women with Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ennio Polilli ◽  
Giustino Parruti ◽  
Francesca D'Arcangelo ◽  
Elisa Tracanna ◽  
Luigi Clerico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACTHyperimmune globulins were reported to prevent and treat fetal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy. Here, we report that infusions of standard human intravenous immunoglobulin significantly increase CMV IgG titers and avidity indexes in pregnant women, paving the way to their use for passive transfer of maternal CMV humoral immunity to fetuses. Preliminary data on perinatal outcomes of the first 67 newborns are encouraging.

Use of Restriction Enzymes to Investigate the Source of a Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Pediatric Nurse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
M. D. Yow ◽  
A. D. Lakeman ◽  
S. Stagno ◽  
R. B. Reynolds ◽  
F. J. Plavidal
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

The risk of transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from congenitally infected infants to nonimmune medical attendants is unknown. The case of a CMV-seronegative, pregnant nurse who seroconverted after caring for an infant with symptomatic CMV infection is reported. She elected to be aborted and the fetal tissue contained CMV. Isolates from the nurse, the fetal tissue, and the infant to whom the nurse was exposed were examined for genetic relatedness by restriction enzyme analysis. As expected, the isolates from the nurse and the fetal tissue were identical. However, the virus isolated from the symptomatic infant was different from the strain infecting the nurse. These data indicate that the nurse acquired her infection from a source other than the index infant, either within the hospital or within the community.

scholarly journals Post-transplant absolute lymphocyte count predicts early cytomegalovirus infection after heart transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjae Yoon ◽  
Jaewon Oh ◽  
Kyeong-Hyeon Chun ◽  
Chan Joo Lee ◽  
Seok-Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractImmunosuppressive therapy can decrease rejection episodes and increase the risk of severe and fatal infections in heart transplantation (HT) recipients. Immunosuppressive therapy can also decrease the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), but the relationship between early post-transplant ALC and early cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is largely unknown, especially in HT. We retrospectively analyzed 58 HT recipients who tested positive for CMV IgG antibody and received basiliximab induction therapy. We collected preoperative and 2-month postoperative data on ALC and CMV load. The CMV load > 1200 IU/mL was used as the cutoff value to define early CMV infection. Post-transplant lymphopenia was defined as an ALC of < 500 cells/μL at postoperative day (POD) #7. On POD #7, 29 (50.0%) patients had post-transplant lymphopenia and 29 (50.0%) patients did not. The incidence of CMV infection within 1 or 2 months of HT was higher in the post-transplant lymphopenia group than in the non-lymphopenia group (82.8% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.013; 89.7% vs. 65.5%, P = 0.028, respectively). ALC < 500 cells/μL on POD #7 was an independent risk factor for early CMV infection within 1 month of HT (odds ratio, 4.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–14.77; P = 0.029). A low ALC after HT was associated with a high risk of early CMV infection. Post-transplant ALC monitoring is simple and inexpensive and can help identify patients at high risk of early CMV infection.

scholarly journals Risk factors predicting Cytomegalovirus infection in post liver transplant recipients

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Abdelrahman ◽  
H A Mahmoud ◽  
M K Mohsen ◽  
M O Ali ◽  
A M N Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Chronic Rejection ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background Liver transplantation is considered to be the only curative treatment for patients with end stage liver disease. Postoperative infection remains to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the past years. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection although considered to be a weak viral infection that usually passes asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients, however, it is considered one of the most common pathogens causing morbidities and mortality in liver transplant recipients. Multiple studies have been done to assess the risk factors for developing CMV infection. Objective Identification of risk factors predicting Cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients following transplantation. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 194 patients and their donors who underwent living donor liver transplantation operation at Ain Shams centre for organ transplantation (ASCOT) at Ain Shams specialized hospital in the period between January 2010 and December 2016 with at least one year follow up period after operation for the recipient group. Results In our study, 194 patients undergoing liver transplantation at Ain shams centre for organ transplantation over seven years from January 2010 to December 2016 have been followed to assess risk factors affecting CMV infection development. Chronic rejection was found to be the most common factor associated with CMV infection followed by Cyclosporin (Neoral) as main postoperative immunosuppressant following liver transplantation. Other factors that were found to carry risk for CMV infection included younger age, advanced MELD score, positive CMV IgM status of the donors and recipients. Conclusion Differentiation of Cytomegalovirus disease from Cytomegalovirus infection isn’t always available as it requires tissue invasive techniques. Multiple risk factors have been attributed to cause Cytomegalovirus infection (viremia) . In our study, rejection (chronic rejection) was the factor that carries highest risk for Cytomegalovirus infection development followed by Cyclosporin .

Early-life environment influencing susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection: evidence from the Leiden Longevity Study and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. MORTENSEN ◽  
A. B. MAIER ◽  
P. E. SLAGBOM ◽  
G. PAWELEC ◽  
E. DERHOVANESSIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Early Life Environment

SUMMARYHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus establishing lifelong persisting infection, which has been implicated in immunosenescence and mortality in the elderly. Little is known about how and when susceptibility to CMV infection is determined. We measured CMV seroprevalence in two genetically informative cohorts. From the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) we selected long-lived sib-pairs (n=844) and their middle-aged offspring and the offspring's partners (n=1452). From the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT) 604 (302 pairs) same-sex monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 73–94 years were included (n=302 pairs). Offspring of the long-lived LLS participants had significantly lower seroprevalence of CMV compared to their partners (offspring: 42%vs. partners: 51%,P=0·003). Of 372 offspring living with a CMV-positive partner, only 58% were infected. The corresponding number for partners was 71% (P<0·001). In the LSADT, MZ and DZ twins had high and similar CMV-positive concordance rates (MZ: 90%vs. DZ: 88%,P=0·51) suggesting that shared family environment accounts for the similarity within twin pairs. Our findings suggest that susceptibility to CMV infection – even under continuous within-partnership exposure – appears to be more strongly influenced by early-life environment than by genetic factors and adult environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document