Pierre Bourdieu, the ‘cultural turn’ and the practice of international history

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER JACKSON

AbstractThe rise of the ‘cultural turn’ has breathed new life into the practice of international history over the past few decades. Cultural approaches have both broadened and deepened interpretations of the history of international relations. This article focuses on the use of culture as an explanatory methodology in the study of international history. It outlines the two central criticisms often made of this approach. The first is that it suffers from a lack of analytical rigour in both defining what culture is and understanding how it shapes individual and collective policy decisions. The second is that it too often leads to a tendency to exaggerate the importance of the cultural predispositions of individual or collective actors at the expense of the wider structures within which policymaking takes place. The article provides a brief outline of the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu – which focuses on the interaction between the cultural orientations of social actors and the structural environment that conditions their strategies and decisions. It then argues that Bourdieu’s conceptual framework can provide the basis for a more systematic approach to understanding the cultural roots of policymaking and that international historians would benefit from engagement with his approach.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Moh Soehadha

Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) has become something that attracts many Sasak Muslim people’s ambitions and focuses, in Tanah Merah, Lombok.  It also became the model of the ideal individual identity with a positive image attached to it, and people call it “tuan haji”. Sociologically, the struggle of identity and self-image building efforts of the “tuan haji” gives us the understanding of the relationship and the distance between religious doctrine, as a model for the reality of Islam, with the implementation of the doctrine in social praxis, as a model of reality in Clifford Geertz’s term. Sociological analysis in this study uses two key theoretical concepts, namely the concept of social identity and image of Pierre Bourdieu, through the concept of habitus, as well as the concept of self-image by Jean Baudrillard. This study formulates a thesis which contains the assumption that in Islam, there are teachings that maintain the economic ethos of its adherents, among other obligations, one of these teachings contained in the Hajj. Tradition and culture have strengthened the religious ethos of the Sasak people in Tanah Merah to gain access to social capital that exist within social class. It shows that the collaboration between religious teachings and cultural values become an important force in the development of a religion, and how religion spread and influences every corner of the cultural elements that exist in the area where the community is located. Together with the tradition or locality, Religion has provided the basis for the Muslim Sasak in Tanah Merah to gain prestige and social status in the social world of people of Lombok in Tanah Merah, through pilgrimage.[Haji menjadi daya tarik yang menyedot cita-cita, ambisi, dan fokus hidup banyak individu muslim Sasak di Tanah Merah, Lombok. Haji menjadi model dari identitas individu yang ideal dengan citra positif yang melekat padanya, dan masyarakat menyebutnya sebagai tuan haji. Secara sosiologis, pergulatan identitas dan upaya membangun citra diri para tuan haji memberi pemahaman tentang relasi dan jarak antara doktrin agama sebagai model for reality dari ajaran Islam, dengan implementasi doktrin itu dalam praksis sosial sebagai model of reality dari Clifford Geertz. Analisis sosiologi dalam studi ini menggunakan dua konsep teoritis kunci, yaitu konsep tentang identitas sosial dan citra Pierre Bourdieu melalui konsep habitus, serta konsep citra diri menurut Jean Baudrillard. Dari studi ini dapat dirumuskan sebuah thesis yang berisi asumsi bahwa di dalam Islam terdapat ajaran yang menumbuhkan etos ekonomi para penganutnya, dan ajaran itu antara lain terkandung dalam kewajiban haji. Tradisi dan kultur keagamaan lokal telah menguatkan etos orang-orang Sasak di Tanah Merah untuk meraih akses terhadap modal sosial yang ada di dalam kelas sosial yang begitu dicita-citakan. Kenyataan itu menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi antara ajaran agama dan nilai kultural menjadi kekuatan penting dalam perkembangan suatu agama, dan bagaimana agama itu kemudian berpengaruh menyebar ke setiap sudut unsur budaya yang ada di wilayah di mana komunitas itu berada. Agama bersama tradisi atau lokalitas telah memberi landasan bagi muslim Sasak di Tanah Merah untuk meraih gengsi dan status sosial dalam dunia sosial orang Lombok di Tanah Merah, melalui haji.]


Hawwa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Agmon

AbstractThis paper revisits some methodological and conceptual aspects of scholarly works on the social history of Middle Eastern women based on Ottoman court records that were published in the last three decades. It discusses the main approaches employed by historians in the field for analyzing court records, and the circumstances that shaped these patterns. It shows that, during the 1970s and 1980s, this body of scholarly works on women's history, as part of Middle Eastern social history, adhered to historiographical approaches that did not follow the "cultural turn" characterizing West European and North American historiography. This situation, however, has recently changed.


Author(s):  
Kateřina Lišková

Abstract Specific developments in reproductive health occurred in Eastern Europe, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. During state socialism, it was experts, not social movements, who furthered the agenda of women’s health and sexuality. New analyses from the region and written mostly by authors who speak the local languages attest to the wealth of histories, highlighting different timelines of reproductive health developments, the unexpected causes behind them, and the social actors and institutions which played decisive roles.


Author(s):  
Enrique Cañas Kirby

ResumenLos movimientos de protesta estudiantil en la historia de Chile del siglo XX configuran un tipo de acción colectiva que tienen como patrón común un grado específico de influencia y agregación de otros actores sociales en momentos críticos del proceso político. Este artículo pretende averiguar el impacto que tuvo en Chile el movimiento 2011 sobre las estructuras formales de poder en el sistema político. Se han levantado teorías sociales acerca de este fenómeno que refieren a formas de participación y representación política que tienden a distanciarse de los asuntos cívicos. Chile no es un caso aislado en este respecto. Para saberlo, es necesario conocer las coordenadas sobre las cuales transcurrió la cuestión social en 2011, sus precedentes y proyecciones.Palabras clave: Movimientos sociales, representación política, teoría política, historia de ChileStudent movement in Chile 2011: Causes and characteristicsAbstractThe student protest movements in the history of Chile in the Twentieth Century formed a kind of collective action having in common a specific degree of influence and aggregation of other social actors in critical moments of the political process. This article aims to determine the impact of the 2011 movement in Chile on the formal structures of power in the political system. Social theories have been raised about this phenomenon referring to forms of political participation and representation that tend to get apart from civic affairs. Chile is not an isolated case in this regard. To find out, it is necessary to know the coordinates on which the social question occurred in 2011, its precedents and projections.Keywords: Social movements, political representation, political theory, history of ChileMovimento estudantil no Chile 2011: Causas e característicasResumoOs movimentos de protesto estudantis na história do Chile século XX configuramse como uma espécie de ação coletiva que tem como padrão em comum um determinado grau de influência e agregação de outros atores sociais em momentos críticos do processo político. Este artigo pretende indagar no impacto do movimento de 2011 no Chile, sobre as estruturas formais de poder no sistema político. Têm sido levantadas teorias sociais sobre este fenómeno referindose a formas de participação e representação política que tendem adistanciarse dos assuntos cívicos. Chile não é um caso isolado a este respeito.Para conhecêlo, é preciso saber as coordenadas sobre as quais transcorreu a questão social em 2011, seus antecedentes e projeções.Palavras-chave: Movimentos sociais, representação política, teoria política, história do Chile. 


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H Sewell

Abstract This is a commentary on articles by Oliver Cussen, Tyson Leuchter, Elizabeth Heath and Thomas Dodman, all of whom were University of Chicago PhD students in the 2000s or the 2010s. The articles partake of the currently rising general interest in the history of capitalism, but all examine capitalism less as an economic system than as a mode of life that generates and must be understood through cultural forms. I argue that all four of these contributions can be interpreted as either arguing directly or implying that behind the overt activities and rhythms of capitalist socio-cultural life one can find deeper and more abstract capitalist processes that usually escape the notice of but help to form the consciousness of the social actors.


2008 ◽  
Vol 34-35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Arnd Bauerkämper

This article focuses on the evolution of social history in pre- 1989 West Germany and the GDR and, on the basis of this overview, identifies new, innovative historiographical trends on (re-)writing social history in unified Germany. It is argued that, for many decades, West German historiography had been characterized by sharp debates between the more established advocates of investigations into social structures and processes, on the one hand, and the grass-roots historians of everyday life, on the other. Since the early 1990s, however, this antagonism has considerably receded in favour of synthetic perspectives. At the same time, interest in the history of East European states and regions has considerably increased. This article highlights these new analytical trends in recent German historiography by taking as example studies of the social history of the GDR. In the unified Germany, the history of the GDR has received particular attention. Access to new sources has also enabled historians to link the histories of Eastern and Western Europe, either by employing comparative perspectives or investigating cross-border entanglements.


Author(s):  
Marco Barducci

This book is a reconstruction of the way Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) was read and used by English political and religious writers in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The book is broad in approach, covering the reception of all of Grotius’ key works and a wide range of topics. It has much to say also about the search for peace in an age of religious conflict and about the cultural roots of the Enlightenment. Most of all, this book aims to deepen our understanding of the connections that made English political thought part of the history of European thought. To this end, it brings together a succinct account of Grotius’ own thinking on key topics; maps these accounts onto English debates, to show why his ideas were seen to be relevant at key moments; shows awareness of the possibilities for misappropriation inherent in reception; and adds something new to our understanding of why seventeenth-century Englishmen argued in the ways that they did. The subject the book covers is potentially of wide interest to historians of political thought, religion, and culture; to British and European historians; and to historians with an interest in international history, specifically the cultural and intellectual links between England and the Dutch Republic.


2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-379

Unfortunately, a number of small errors were published in this article. The corrected text appears below.


Author(s):  
Ivã Gurgel ◽  
Graciella Watanabe

Does science depend on its historical context? Does understanding science as a social construction demand us to abandon rationalist perspectives of knowledge? Based on these issues, this article aims to discuss epistemological questions concerning the problem of the historicity of sciences. In first part, we analyze how different philosophical systems conceptualize this problem and point out to tensions that emerge when one tries to reconcile a rationalist with a historicist perspective of knowledge. Then, we discuss the sociological epistemology of Pierre Bourdieu arguing that the field autonomy is a key concept to understand what the author denominates the “social conditions of the progress of reason”. Finally, we present criteria to delimit the most relevant contexts in a case study on the history of science.


Author(s):  
Boris Stepanov ◽  

Throughout the 20th century, cinema has played, and, to some extent, continues to play a key role in shaping the social imagination and anthropology of modern human. Nevertheless, as a review of English scholarly literature shows, cinema, unlike art and music, remains a marginal subject of analysis for sociologists. The article attempts to consider the state of sociological reflection on cinema in the context of the cultural turn in sociology in both the international and national contexts. By reconstructing the history of the interaction between sociology, film studies, and cultural studies, the author not only proves the scar-city of interest among sociologists in the analysis of cinema, but also discusses the ways by which socio-logical perspectives were involved in film research at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, and the potential of the latter for the study of social imagination. A survey of communities of Soviet sci-fi cinema fans demonstrates one possible way of developing of the sociologically oriented program of cinema studies.


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