VII. The Papal Palace and other Fourteenth-Century Buildings at Sorgues near Avignon

Archaeologia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 161-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Luttrell ◽  
T. F. C. Blagg
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Major Tributary ◽  
John Xxii ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town ◽  
Old Roman

John XXII, elected as the second of the Avignon popes on 7 August 1316 at the age of seventy-two, built extensively in the territories around that city as well as initiating works in Avignon itself. In 1318 he began the construction of a palace on the edge of the small town of Sorgues, situated some nine kilometres north of Avignon at a point on the line of the old Roman road to Orange where there was a bridge across the river Ouvèze, a major tributary of the Rhône. This paper considers the evidence for the palace, including the surviving remains of the structure which are published here for the first time, and for certain contemporary buildings in Sorgues, in particular the house at 27 Rue de la Tour in which a series of late fourteenth-century frescoes was uncovered in 1936. These researches began with an architectural study of this ‘Maison des Fresques’, but it soon became clear that such investigations raised wider questions involving the interpretation of documentary and archaeological evidence relevant both to the palace and to the medieval topography of the town.

Sutri (Sutrium) (Notes on Southern Etruria, 3)

1958 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Town

The modern town of Sutri lies 50 km. north of Rome, beside the Via Cassia, on the site of the ancient Sutrium (pl. X, a, b). It was already in existence in Etruscan times, passed to the Romans at the beginning of the fourth century b.c., was twice colonised by them and reached a peak of prosperity under the early Empire. It continued to flourish in the early Middle Ages, but a rapid decline set in after the fourteenth century and the town to-day is comparatively modest and unimportant.The following report is concerned mainly with the ancient town and with a typical area of the surrounding countryside (7 km. × 12 km. in extent), as it was in Etruscan and Roman times (fig. 1, p. 64). It is chiefly a record of the archaeological remains found in the area during five months' fieldwork in the winter and spring, 1957–1958, undertaken as part of the British School's current programme of survey in southern Etruria, which is designed to record permanently such remains before they disappear for ever, as they are fast doing.The antiquities of the ancient town itself are already well known and have been described several times in the past. But, apart from occasional references to isolated finds and an attempt towards the end of the last century to map the ancient roads, the countryside outside the town has never been properly explored. The bulk of the original work, therefore, lies in sections III and IV. The Etruscan and the Roman roads have been located, as far as is possible, and all the sites which are still to be found have been recorded. In certain areas present-day woodland concealed a few, notably round the small town of Bassano di Sutri and towards the summit of M. Calvi, south of Sutri, and cultivation in the immediate vicinity of the modern towns may have destroyed a few more, especially near Ronciglione; but at the most it is probable that only about 20 sites were lost or missed in this way, as opposed to a total recorded of some 220. Except for woodland, all the ground within the limits of the area chosen was walked over and examined.

scholarly journals Potential Values of Urban Geotourism Development in a Small Polish Town (Pruszków, Central Mazovia, Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Górska-Zabielska ◽  
Ryszard Zabielski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Abiotic Resources ◽  
Urban Geotourism ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Abstract The paper presents abiotic resources which are located in a small town in central Poland. They remain unknown to authorities and inhabitants. For the first time they are illustrated in a scientific paper. The objects of local geological heritage point to geodiversity of this district town in the south-western Mazovia. When the geodiversity is interpreted in a simple, an understandable way, it may become attractive for tourists. We show how abiotic resources located within an urban area can be used to support urban geotourism development. The scientific, educational and aesthetic values of these resources may create the town image in accordance with the principles of environmental protection.

An English small town in the later Middle Ages: Loughborough

Urban History ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Postles
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Urban Decline ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Property Holding ◽  
The Town

The thesis of ‘urban decline’ in the late Middle Ages has been largely based on changes within incorporated boroughs. Loughborough was a small town in Leicestershire, closely involved in intra-regional exchange between three different farming regions. By the late fourteenth century, if not before, its central precinct had a definite urban form, including a specialized marketing form. Indicators (such as demographic estimates, litigation, and property-holding) suggest that the town did not suffer any substantial decline in the late Middle Ages. Structural changes in the countrysides, with a greater emphasis on specialization of production, may have maintained the town as a centre of exchange and consumption.

Stanislaw Sreniowski, From a Book of Madness And Atrocity

2008 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Jacek Leociak
Keyword(s):  
Common Fate ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

The title of this text, From the Book of Madness and Atrocity, published here for the first time, indicates its generic and stylistic specificity, its fragmentary, incomplete character. It suggests that this text is part of a greater whole, still incomplete, or one that cannot be grasped. In this sense Śreniowski refers to the topos of inexpressibility of the Holocaust experience. The text is reflective in character, full of metaphor, and its modernist style does not shun pathos. Thus we have here meditations emanating a poetic aura, not a report or an account of events. The author emphasises the desperate loneliness of the dying, their solitude, the incommensurability of the ghetto experience and that of the occupation, and the lack of a common fate of the Jews and the Poles (“A Deserted Town in a Living Capital”; “A Town within a Town”; “And the Capital? A Capital, in which the town of a death is dying . . . ? Well, the Capital is living a normal life. Under the occupation, indeed . . . .”).

El español de la isla de La Graciosa desde una perspectiva prosódica

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-476
Author(s):  
Imelda Chaxiraxi Díaz Cabrera ◽  
Carolina Jorge Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Grammatical Morphology ◽  
Paper Format ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

Abstract Manuel Alvar published the only linguistic work known on Spanish from the island of La Graciosa (Canary Islands) in 1965, focused on the town of Caleta del Sebo, to document, in the field of Linguistic geography, the ALEICan (Linguistic and ethnographic atlas of the Canary Islands [1975–1978]). Alvar’s studies used to cover the lexical, grammatical (morphology and syntax) and phonetic levels of the segmental type, but he did not consider prosodic aspects of speech which would later be incorporated into a new generation of atlases, which would go from paper format to multimedia. As the main exponent, the AMPER project (Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman) was created in 2001 and, within its framework, we intend to describe the melodic characteristics of a group of sentences emitted by a man and a woman from Caleta del Sebo, completing thus the study started by Alvar fifty-five years ago. In this way, the results will show for the first time if there is a prosodic proximity between the eighth island and the seven main islands, which have been widely described in previous works both in formal and in informal speech.

scholarly journals Per Ravenna trecentesca: nuove proposte per l’assetto architettonico di Santa Maria in Porto Fuori

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Fabio Massaccesi
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

Abstract This contribution intends to draw attention to one of the most significant monuments of medieval Ravenna: the church of Santa Maria in Porto Fuori, which was destroyed during the Second World War. Until now, scholars have focused on the pictorial cycle known through photographs and attributed to the painter Pietro da Rimini. However, the architecture of the building has not been the subject of systematic studies. For the first time, this essay reconstructs the fourteenth-century architectural structure of the church, the apse of which was rebuilt by 1314. The data that led to the virtual restitution of the choir and the related rood screen are the basis for new reflections on the accesses to the apse area, on the pilgrimage flows, and on the view of the frescoes.

Hitherto Unprinted Manuscripts of the Middle English Ipotis

PMLA ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-160
Author(s):  
Josephine D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
English Poem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the manuscripts of the Middle-English poem Ipotis has been studied in detail by Dr. Hugo Gruber on the basis of the nine mss. known to him. In addition to these there are five others, four of which are printed for the first time below. One of these, unfortunately a fragment, is of the greatest importance, since it carries back the date of the poem at least fifty years. On the basis of the earliest manuscript known to him—ms. Vernon, written about 1385—Gruber assigned the Ipotis to the second half of the fourteenth century. But in the light of the new evidence, the composition of the poem is pushed back to the very beginning of the century.

scholarly journals Měkkýši „Ženklavského lesa“ u Štramberka (Severní Morava) [The molluscs of the “Ženklavský les” forest near the town of Štramberk (North Moravia)]

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Michal Horsák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

The molluscs of a previously unexplored site the “Ženklavský les” forest in North Moravia (Czech Republic) were investigated in 2002. Altogether 47 snail species were recorded (46 terrestrial and 1 aquatic). The molluscan fauna was dominated by woodland species including sensitive and endangered ones (e.g., Platyla polita, Sphyradium doliolum, Ruthenica filograna, Vitrea subrimata, and Daudebardia brevipes). The species Vertigo pusilla, and Vestia ranojevici moravica were encountered in the Štramberk environs for the first time and are of regional importance.

scholarly journals The assessment of woody plants vital state in the landscaping of Ishim

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Olga E. Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Vitality Index ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

This paper analyzes the current state of landscaping in Ishim. The data on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of woody plants have been obtained for the first time; the assessment of trees and shrubs state is based on the analysis of the vitality index. A database of green plants within 21 objects in Ishim was created and analyzed. The paper also contains data on the species diversity of trees and shrubs in Ishim. It turned out that the objects under study have trees and shrubs placed in special dividing strips, linearly, in rows or in small compact groups, less often they are planted singly. The species composition is represented by 47 species from 28 genera, 16 families and 2 divisions. The biomorphological structure is represented by trees (25, or 53% of species) and shrubs (22, or 47% of species). The total composition of tree and shrub plantations, determined by the number of trunks (bushes) and the percentage of woody plants, is 2854; the composition of the preserved ones is 2 815 (99%) pieces; the ones assigned for removal are 39 (1%) pcs. The vitality index shows that among 85% of the studied objects of the town at the time of the survey were healthy, among 10% of the objects they were qualified as damaged, among 5% of them were severely damaged. Based on the results of examining crowns and trunks of woody plants, signs of diseases and pests, a plan of measures for the treatment, restoration and preservation of woody plants was drawn up and recommendations were given for caring, sanitary felling and removal of single specimens.

scholarly journals Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
First Time

The long reign of Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371), the penultimate emperor of Bulgaria prior to the Turkish conquest, was marked by a series of successful military campaigns against Serbia and Byzantium and above all by an intensive cultural production, largely fostered and funded by the sovereign himself. The central decades of the fourteenth century were of crucial importance for the later cultural evolution of Bulgaria and the whole of Orthodox Slovenia, despite which to date ample and exhaustive studies on the figure of Ivan Aleksandăr are lacking. There is, in effect, a considerable amount of information at disposal, although it is scattered over the literary sources, the colophons of the manuscripts, the epigraphic documentation and also, obviously, the official deeds promulgated by the Emperor. Through the analysis of this varied documentation, this book attempts to reconstruct the figure of the sovereign, the context in which he lived and worked, his greatness and his mistakes and his parallel activities as a strategist and an illuminated patron of the arts. For the first time, the Italian reader can find collected and translated all the manuscript sources relating to the Bulgarian sovereign. The book is completed by an appendix with the original texts of the Slavonic-ecclesiastical tradition.

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