PP299 A Framework And Analysis Assessing The Impact Of Patient-Centered Outcome Evidence In HTA Appraisals

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Kate Halsby ◽  
Bryony Langford ◽  
Anna Pagotto ◽  
Harriet Tuson ◽  
Shuk-Li Collings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Evidence Review Group ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Effectiveness Model ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Assessment Committee ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe importance of patient-centered outcome (PCO) evidence is increasingly recognized, but its inclusion in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) submissions remains inconsistent. We explored the impact of PCO evidence on HTA decision-making.MethodsA framework was developed to assess the impact of PCO evidence (excluding EQ-5D) on HTA appraisals. An impact rating was determined by reviewing company, committee and Evidence Review Group (ERG) opinion. This was applied to publicly available appraisal documents (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]: 8; Scottish Medicines Consortium [SMC]: 2) in a pilot study. The framework was then refined and applied to a larger dataset.ResultsPCO evidence had ‘substantial impact’ in 3/8 NICE and 1/2 SMC appraisals, and ‘some impact’ in those remaining. PCO evidence informed the cost-effectiveness model in 2/8 NICE and 1/2 SMC submissions, and was considered superior to EQ-5D evidence in one NICE and one SMC submission. The ERG considered PCO evidence relevant to decision-making in 5/8 NICE appraisals. PCO evidence was mentioned in guidance for 7/10 appraisals (deemed relevant in 5/10). In one assessment, committee comments were notably more favorable than ERG comments. Larger dataset analysis results provided further insights to the pilot study.ConclusionsThe framework allows a systematic approach to evaluating the impact of PCO evidence on HTA appraisals.BL, AP, DGB and NY are employees of Symmetron Ltd, which received funding from Pfizer UK in connection with the development of this manuscript. KH, HT, SLC and JB are employees of Pfizer UK. This study was sponsored by Pfizer UK.

The Impact of Parcel Characteristics on the Cost of Development Rights to Farmland

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Wichelns ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefits ◽  
Farmland Preservation ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Development Rights ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farmland Preservation Programs ◽  
Panoramic Views

This paper examines the economic impact of selected farmland characteristics on the appraised value of development rights. Price elasticities are estimated for the size and location of farmland parcels, the amount of road frontage, the existence of panoramic views, and the distance to urban centers. Estimated elasticities suggest that parcel characteristics have a substantial impact on the cost of preserving farmland. For example, the per-acre cost of development rights is estimated to be 53 percent higher on farmland parcels that have a panoramic view of water than on parcels that have no water view. Similarly, the per-acre cost of development rights on a typical 25-acre farm is estimated to be 90 percent higher than on a typical 150-acre farm. Results suggest that the net social benefits obtained through farmland preservation programs may be enhanced by considering the impact of farmland characteristics on the marginal costs of purchasing development rights, when selecting among a set of candidate farms.

scholarly journals Impact of 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy on Clinical Decision-Making in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3812-3820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Rao ◽  
Anouk van Berkel ◽  
Ianthe Piscaer ◽  
William F Young ◽  
Lucinda Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mibg Scintigraphy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI is regarded as a first-choice modality for tumor localization in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is widely used for functional imaging but the added diagnostic value is controversial. Objective To establish the virtual impact of adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT or MRI on diagnosis and treatment of PPGL. Design International multicenter retrospective study. Intervention None. Patients Two hundred thirty-six unilateral adrenal, 18 bilateral adrenal, 48 unifocal extra-adrenal, 12 multifocal, and 26 metastatic PPGL. Main Outcome Measures Patients underwent both anatomical imaging (CT and/or MRI) and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Local imaging reports were analyzed centrally by two independent observers who were blinded to the diagnosis. Imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only, 123I-MIBG only, and CT/MRI combined with 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were compared with the correct diagnoses. Results The rates of correct imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only versus CT/MRI plus 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were similar: 89.4 versus 88.8%, respectively (P = 0.50). Adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI resulted in a correct change in the imaging-based diagnosis and ensuing virtual treatment in four cases (1.2%: two metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, one multifocal instead of single, one unilateral instead of bilateral adrenal) at the cost of an incorrect change in seven cases (2.1%: four metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, two multifocal instead of unifocal and one bilateral instead of unilateral adrenal). Conclusions For the initial localization of PPGL, the addition of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI rarely improves the diagnostic accuracy at the cost of incorrect interpretation in others, even when 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is restricted to patients who are at risk for metastatic disease. In this setting, the impact of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy on clinical decision-making appears very limited.

Review of Key Stakeholders for an mHealth Pilot Study in Malawi Motivations and Expectations

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne O'Connor ◽  
Ciara Heavin ◽  
John O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

The trial and evaluation of mobile health (mHealth) applications in society is necessary to explore the potential use and benefits of the solution post-trial. In recent years, there is a proliferation of mHealth projects developed and tested in the continent of Africa. The complexity of these projects means that there are typically many stakeholders who are integral to the success of the project. Yet, extant research falls short of capturing the motivations and expectations of multiple key stakeholders (i.e. direct and indirect users) in a single study towards participating in mHealth pilots. To address this gap in research a conceptual model is proposed and examined to explore the impact of motivations and expectations on both community health workers' (direct users) and caregivers' (indirect users) decision to participate in mHealth pilot studies. Findings reveal that both motivations and expectations positively impact decision making, i.e. their decision to participate in the study, with no significant differences emerging between these two groups of stakeholders.

scholarly journals A modeled radiological dispersive device release and the impact to decision-making in an urban environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Ubiratan Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Stenders ◽  
Ademir Silva ◽  
Helio Vital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Radiological Dispersion Device ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

A radiological dispersion device is a weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives for spreading radioactive material across an inhabited area. This study is focused on evaluating key parameters in an radiological dispersion device scenario. The calculations were performed to include two different situations: by using explosives and by simple mechanical release. Simulations were conducted with the use of the HotSpot Health Physics Codes. The results suggest the existence of significant correlations between stability classes in scenarios where they evolve with time, producing alternations between them. As long as the stability class remains constant, this latter finding offers the possibility of creating a suitable response, based on temporal evolutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: estimate the size of the potentially affected population, estimate absorbed doses, and estimate the cost-effectiveness in order to help initial responses by providing time-sensitive information about the event. A methodology capable of providing useful information allows prompt decisions and initial assessments of future risks to be made efficiently. This approach can also provide a training environment for the personnel responsible for the decision-making at an early stage of the response.

scholarly journals Vibration Edge Computing in Maritime IoT

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anna Lito Michala ◽  
Ioannis Vourganas ◽  
Andrea Coraddu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

IoT and the Cloud are among the most disruptive changes in the way we use data today. These changes have not significantly influenced practices in condition monitoring for shipping. This is partly due to the cost of continuous data transmission. Several vessels are already equipped with a network of sensors. However, continuous monitoring is often not utilised and onshore visibility is obscured. Edge computing is a promising solution but there is a challenge sustaining the required accuracy for predictive maintenance. We investigate the use of IoT systems and Edge computing, evaluating the impact of the proposed solution on the decision making process. Data from a sensor and the NASA-IMS open repository were used to show the effectiveness of the proposed system and to evaluate it in a realistic maritime application. The results demonstrate our real-time dynamic intelligent reduction of transmitted data volume by without sacrificing specificity or sensitivity in decision making. The output of the Decision Support System fully corresponds to the monitored system's actual operating condition and the output when the raw data are used instead. The results demonstrate that the proposed more efficient approach is just as effective for the decision making process.

scholarly journals The Low-Carbon Supply Chain Coordination Problem with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we study the supply chain coordination problem between a manufacturer and a retailer regarding consumers’ low-carbon preferences. The retailer considers the market demand to determine the order quantity; the manufacturer chooses how to reduce emissions according to the retailer’s order quantity. We consider four cases, including the non-emission abatement, the emission abatement of decentralized decision-making, the centralized decision-making and the retailer providing a cost-sharing contract. By comparing the four cases, we find that the case of a retailer providing a cost-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain, achieving a Pareto improvement for the manufacturer and retailer. In addition, we use the Rubinstein bargaining model to determine the cost-sharing ratio. Finally, numerical simulations are given to analyze the impact of the cost-sharing ratio on the equilibrium results, including the profit and the emission abatement level. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the cost-sharing ratio and consumers’ low-carbon awareness on the profits of the members in the supply chain. We find that the equilibrium results, including the order quantity, the emission abatement level and the profits of the members in the supply chain under contract, are higher than the ones under centralized decision-making. The results show that in the higher low-carbon awareness market, retailers should formulate a reasonable cost-sharing ratio to achieve emission reduction coordination.

What-If Analysis on the Evaluation of User Interface Usability

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Saulo Silva ◽  
Mariana Carvalho ◽  
Orlando Belo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
System Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Usability

While interactive systems have the potential to increase human work performance, those systems are predisposed to usability problems. Different factors might contribute to these problems during the interaction process and as result, the decision-making process might be compromised. This work uses decision support system methods and tools to assist in the analysis of the usability of a university library website, measuring the constructs of effectiveness, efficiency, and learnability. The pilot study involved thirty-five subjects, and after collecting data, a multidimensional view of the data is created and discussed. Later, a What-if analysis is used to investigate the impact of different scenarios on system-use. The work has the potential to assist designers and system administrators at improving their systems.

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