Mineral nutrient status of coastal hill dipterocarp forest and adinandra belukar in Singapore: analysis of soil, leaves and litter

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Grubb ◽  
I. M. Turner ◽  
D. F. R. P. Burslem
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Ph Range

ABSTRACTThe soil of remnant primary rainforest on granite in Singapore is very acidic (pH mostly 3.5–4.2 at 0–10 cm) and has unusually low total concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, but the mean concentrations of N and P in the living leaves and freshly fallen leaves of the more shade-tolerant species are within the ranges found for other lowland forests on infertile oxisols and ultisols. The concentration of Ca in freshly fallen leaves is very low. The soil under secondary forest (bselukar) on sandstone dominated by Adinandra dumosa (Theaceae) was degraded during use for agriculture. It has the same pH range but even lower values of total N and P. The mean concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the living leaves are slightly higher than in leaves of the more shade-tolerant trees of primary forest, but lower than in the leaves of the species which require canopy gaps for establishment or early onward growth. The few species sampled in both primary forest and belukar show no consistent trend in foliar concentrations. The degraded soil has selected species with inherently lower foliar concentrations.

Nutrient status of Lake Liddel, New South Wales: mass loadings of nitrogen and phosphurus, industrial modification, and trophic state

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Royle ◽  
RJ King
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
New South ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total P

The concentrations of nitratehitrite-N, Kjeldahl-N and total P in point-source additions to and losses from Lake Liddell (32° 22'S,150° 1'E) were measured fortnightly from September 1987 to September 1988. These data were used in conjunction with flow-rate data to construct a nitrogen and phosphorus budget from Lake Liddell. The annual net point-source loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus were 23 400 and 5700 kg, respectively. There was little relationship between changes in lake nutrient concentrations and fortnightly mass loadings. The mean molar N: P ratio for point source mass additions was 13: 1, whereas that within the lake was 33: 1. These features indicate that within-lake processes were the dominant processes in determining lake nutrient concentrations. Retention in the sediments of a greater proportion of the total P pool than of the total-N pool appeared to be one of these processes. The use of Lake Liddell water in power-station operations resulted in substantial increases in nitrate/ nitrite-N and total-P concentrations in waters returned to the lake. The use of Dillon's model to predict mean annual total-P concentrations from mass loadings indicates that Lake Liddell is on the border between mesotrophic and eutrophic states.

Mineral nutrient status of coastal hill dipterocarp forest and adinandra belukar in Singapore: bioassays of nutrient limitation

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. R. P. Burslem ◽  
I. M. Turner ◽  
P. J. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
P Supply

ABSTRACTBioassays of nutrient limitation were carried out for Melastoma malabathricum growing on soil from primary lowland dipterocarp rainforest in Singapore, and for Dillenia suffruticosa on soil from adinandra belukar, a nutrient-poor secondary forest type dominated by Adinandra dumosa. Three questions were addressed. 1. What is the nutrient most limiting to growth in primary forest? 2. What is the nature of nutrient limitation under conditions of adequate P supply? 3. Is there a qualitative difference in the nature of nutrient limitation under primary forest and adinandra belukar? Results showed that there was a strong limitation by P availability in both primary forest and adinandra belukar under the experimental conditions used. Once plants had an adequate P supply, all other nutrients became limiting to growth in primary forest soil. These findings are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that P availability would limit the productivity of moist tropical forests in general in the absence of mycorrhizas; tentative conclusions are drawn on the assumption that most woody tropical plants are mycorrhizal. It is argued that limitation by major cations may be common on old, highly leached tropical rainforest soils.

scholarly journals Response of Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms to Land Use Change in the Amazon Rainforest

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babur S. Mirza ◽  
Chotima Potisap ◽  
Klaus Nüsslein ◽  
Brendan J. M. Bohannan ◽  
Jorge L. M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Total N

ABSTRACTThe Amazon rainforest, the largest equatorial forest in the world, is being cleared for pasture and agricultural use at alarming rates. Tropical deforestation is known to cause alterations in microbial communities at taxonomic and phylogenetic levels, but it is unclear whether microbial functional groups are altered. We asked whether free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) respond to deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, using analysis of the marker genenifH. Clone libraries were generated from soil samples collected from a primary forest, a 5-year-old pasture originally converted from primary forest, and a secondary forest established after pasture abandonment. Although diazotroph richness did not significantly change among the three plots, diazotroph community composition was altered with forest-to-pasture conversion, and phylogenetic similarity was higher among pasture communities than among those in forests. There was also 10-fold increase innifHgene abundance following conversion from primary forest to pasture. Three environmental factors were associated with the observed changes: soil acidity, total N concentration, and C/N ratio. Our results suggest a partial restoration to initial levels of abundance and community structure of diazotrophs following pasture abandonment, with primary and secondary forests sharing similar communities. We postulate that the response of diazotrophs to land use change is a direct consequence of changes in plant communities, particularly the higher N demand of pasture plant communities for supporting aboveground plant growth.

Potassium et magnésium: deux éléments limitant la croissance en hauteur du pin rouge au Québec

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Dinh Phu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Linear Correlations

Relations between the site index of red pine (Pinusresinosa, Ait.) and foliar concentrations in N, P, K, Mg, Ca, and Mn, the soil content in O.M., total N, available P, exchangeable K, HNO3 extractable K, exchangeable Mg and Ca, and the percentage of silt plus clay of 23 sample plots on fluvio-marine or associated deposits in the St-Lawrence plain were studied. The site index varies between 28 and 42 at 20 years b.h. There are significant and positive linear correlations between the site index and concentrations in K, Mg, and Ca in the needles. The linear correlation for Mn is significant but negative. However, multiple regression analysis indicate that only potassium and magnesium were significantly associated with the regressions.There are significant and positive linear correlations between the site index and the soil content in HNO3 extractable K, exchangeable K and Mg. However, multiple regression analysis indicate that only HNO3 extractable K has a significant contribution to variations of site index and the contribution of exchangeable Mg is almost significant at 0.05. There are also significant and positive linear correlations between the foliar concentrations of potassium and magnesium and the respective soil contents in HNO3 extractable K and exchangeable Mg. Height growth of red pine in St-Lawrence plain is closely related to the nutrient status of potassium and magnesium in the sites under investigation.

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

MANAJEMEN DATA SPASIAL: PENGGUNAAN TANAH WILAYAH PEDESAAN DI SUMATERA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Afrital Rezki, S.Pd., M.Si ◽  
Erna Juita ◽  
Dasrizal Dasrizal ◽  
Arie Zella Putra Ulni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mixed Plantations

Perkembangan penggunaan tanah bergerak horisontal secara spasial ke arah wilayah yang mudah diusahakan. Penggunaan tanah juga bergerak secara vertikal dalam rangka menaikkan mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan lahan, bagaimana manajemen penggunaan lahan di satu wilayah berdasarkan batas Nagari. Metode yang digunakan adalah analsisis spasial dengan interpretasi citra penginderaan jauh, survey lapangan, dan analisis deskriptif. Pertumbuhan pemukiman Nagari Sungai Sariak Kecamatan VII Koto Kabupaten Padang Pariaman mengakibatkan pemanfaatan ruang menjadi tumpang tindih. Diperlukan cara-cara pengelolaan dan managemen penggunaan tanah dalam rangka pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menaikkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan tidak menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan.Terdapat 9 jenis penggunaan lahan yang ada di Nagari Sungai Sariak. Penggunaan lahan tersebut adalah Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, dan Plantations. Penggunaan lahan yang paling luas di Nagari Sungai Sariak adalah jenis penggunaan lahan Primary Forest, sebesar 48% dari total luas wilayah Nagari Sungai Sariak. Pada tahun 2011 sampai tahun 2016, penggunaan lahan paling luas terjadi pada penggunaan lahan jenis Primary Forest yang kemudian menjadi Mixed Plantations. Land use Changes moved horizontally spatially towards areas that are easily cultivated. The land use also moves vertically in order to increase its quality. This study aims to analyze land use patterns, how land use management in one area is based on Nagari boundaries. The method used is spatial analysis with interpretation of remote sensing images, field surveys, and descriptive analysis. The growth of Nagari Sungai Sariak in Kecamatan VII Koto, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman resulted in overlapping use of space. Management methods are needed and management of land use in the framework of sustainable development that raises the standard of living of the community and does not cause environmental losses. There are 9 types of land use in the Nagari Sungai Sariak. The land uses are Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, and Plantations. The most extensive land use in Nagari Sungai Sariak is the type of Primary Forest land use, amounting to 48% of the total area of the Nagari Sungai Sariak. From 2011 to 2016, the most extensive land use occurred in Primary Forest land uses which later became Mixed Plantations.

scholarly journals Responses of Bat Communities (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Forest Loss and Habitat Conversion in Southern Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110103
Author(s):  
Patrick Jules Atagana ◽  
Eric Moïse Bakwo Fils ◽  
Sevilor Kekeunou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Species Specific

We aimed to assess how bats are affected by habitat transformation by comparing bat assemblages in four habitat types: primary forest, secondary forest, cocoa plantations and human habitations in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of southern Cameroon. Bats were sampled in the four habitat types using mist nets. During 126 nights, a total of 413 bats were captured, belonging to four families, 16 genera and 24 species. Ninety three individuals (17 species) were captured in the primary forest, followed by plantations (105 individuals, 14 species), human habitations (159 individuals, 10 species), and secondary forest (55 individuals, eight species). Megaloglossus woermanni was recorded in all the four habitats, and was the most abundant species (105 individuals). The analysis of bat assemblage between habitat types showed a statistically significant difference in species composition. The distribution of the six most abundant species ( Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Dohyrina cyclops, Hipposideros cf. caffer and Hipposideros cf. ruber) was influenced by habitat types. Our results suggest that the decrease in species richness observed in disturbed habitats may be due to habitat perturbations of primary forest habitats. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of habitat conversion at species level, as responses are often species-specific.

scholarly journals Evidence of Phosphate Mining and Agriculture Influence on Concentrations, Forms, and Ratios of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Florida River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Shuiwang Duan ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
Gurpal S. Toor
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phosphate Mining ◽  
Molar Ratios

Florida has a long history of phosphate-mining, but less is known about how mining affects nutrient exports to coastal waters. Here, we investigated the transport of inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) over 23 sampling events during a wet season (June–September) in primary tributaries and mainstem of Alafia River that drains into the Tampa Bay Estuary. Results showed that a tributary draining the largest phosphate-mining area (South Prong) had less flashy peaks, and nutrients were more evenly exported relative to an adjacent tributary (North Prong), highlighting the effectiveness of the mining reclamation on stream hydrology. Tributaries draining > 10% phosphate-mining area had significantly higher specific conductance (SC), pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) than tributaries without phosphate-mining. Further, mean SC, pH, and particulate reactive P were positively correlated with the percent phosphate-mining area. As phosphate-mining occurred in the upper part of the watershed, the SC, pH, DRP, and TP concentrations increased downstream along the mainstem. For example, the upper watershed contributed 91% of TP compared to 59% water discharge to the Alafia River. In contrast to P, the highest concentrations of total N (TN), especially nitrate + nitrite (NOx–N) occurred in agricultural tributaries, where the mean NOx–N was positively correlated with the percent agricultural land. Dissolved organic N was dominant in all streamwaters and showed minor variability across sites. As a result of N depletion and P enrichment, the phosphate-mining tributaries had significantly lower molar ratios of TN:TP and NOx–N:DRP than other tributaries. Bi-weekly monitoring data showed consistent increases in SC and DRP and a decrease in NOx–N at the South Prong tributary (highest phosphate-mining area) throughout the wet season, and different responses of dissolved inorganic nutrients (negative) and particulate nutrients (positive) to water discharge. We conclude that (1) watersheds with active and reclaimed phosphate-mining and agriculture lands are important sources of streamwater P and N, respectively, and (2) elevated P inputs from the phosphate-mining areas altered the N:P ratios in streamwaters of the Alafia River.

A comparison of soil sampling procedures used to monitor soil fertility in permanent pastures

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Friesen ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Bray 1

Soil testing programs are often brought in disrepute by unexplained variability in the data. The deposition of dung and urine onto grazed pasture brings about marked variation in the chemical status of soils which contributes to this variability. A study was undertaken to compare a range of sampling procedures to estimate Colwell-P, Bray-1 P, bicarbonate K and pH levels in adjacent low and high P status paddocks. The sampling strategies used consisted of 75 by 50 m grids; whole and stratified paddock zig-zag and cluster (monitor plot) samplings. Soil test means for the various parameters did not vary among sampling methods. The number of grid samples required to estimate within 10% of the mean varied from 121 for Bray-1 P down to 1 for soil pH. Sampling efficiencies were higher for cluster sampling than for whole paddock zig-zag path sampling. Stratification generally did not improve sampling efficiency in these paddocks. Soil test means declined as sampling depth increased, but the coefficient of variation remained constant for Colwell-P and pH. The results indicate that cluster sampling (monitor plots) is the most appropriate procedure for estimating the nutrient status of grazed pastures. This sampling method enables a more accurate measure to be taken of the nutrient status of a paddock and should allow more reasonable estimates to be made of the temporal variations in soil test.

scholarly journals Status and distribution of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi

Oryx ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Entwistle ◽  
Nadia Corp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
The West ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Flying Fox

The Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi is a fruit bat endemic to the island of Pemba, off Tanzania. A total of 41 reported roosting areas were visited in June and July 1995, and 19 occupied roosts were located, most of them in the west of the island, and on small islets off the west and south of Pemba. Roosts were situated in primary forest, secondary forest (overgrown clove plantations), traditional graveyards and mangrove areas. A range of sizes and species of trees were used as roosts. The minimum population of P. voeltzkowi was estimated to be between 4600 and 5500 individuals. In total 94 per cent of the population was located at 10 roost sites. Larger colonies were associated with roosts located in forests, which together supported 75 per cent of the total bat population. Colonies were of mixed sex, but no young or obviously pregnant females were observed. Major threats to this species appeared to be hunting and deforestation (both logging and clearing for agriculture) and P. voeltzkowi is considered to be endangered.

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