Effects of vegetation cover on seedling and sapling dynamics in secondary tropical wet forests in Costa Rica

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Dupuy ◽  
Robin L. Chazdon
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Canopy Gap ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Understorey Vegetation

We examined effects of experimental manipulations of vegetation cover on recruitment, mortality and density of seedlings (20–100 cm tall) and saplings (≥100 cm tall) of woody growth forms over a 2.5-y period. We created four treatments in each of three 15–20-y-old tropical forest stands in Costa Rica: a large canopy gap (270–350 m2), a small canopy gap (50–100 m2), understorey vegetation removal, and an unmanipulated control treatment. Creation of canopy gaps, especially large ones, increased first-year recruitment and density, as well as overall mortality of seedlings. Saplings experienced lower mortality and more prolonged gap-enhanced recruitment and density than seedlings. Removal of understorey vegetation had little or no effect on tree seedling and sapling dynamics. Recruitment and density of lianas responded only to large gaps, whereas understorey species responded to both gap treatments and to spatial heterogeneity within gaps. Tree species exhibited diverse regeneration requirements, whereas liana and understorey species were more specialized to the high and low ends of the light availability gradient, respectively. Canopy gaps provide a critical mechanism for regeneration of lianas, and canopy tree species that dominate during the early stages of secondary forest succession. The choice of management system for these secondary forests can determine the direction and rate of succession.

Deforestation in a tropical compact city part a: understanding its socio-ecological impacts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puay Yok Tan ◽  
Yuanqiu Feng ◽  
Yun Hye Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
News Media ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
News Article ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Contentious Issue

Purpose Secondary forest loss in Singapore has recently emerged as a contentious issue that tests the relationships between state, public and civil society, but debates on this issue have occurred without the benefit of supporting information on the spatial extent, and understanding of multiple socio-ecological impacts arising from their gradual disappearance. The purpose of this paper is to fill these knowledge gaps to contribute to development of approaches to manage land developments on secondary forests. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluated the past and potential future losses of spontaneous re-growth forest through spatial analyses of vegetation cover maps combined with national land use plans using remote sensing and GIS. The socio-ecological impacts of such losses were interpreted from published writings, which comprise scientific publications and public opinion in news media. Findings Secondary forest losses accounted for more than half of total vegetation cover reduction between 2007 and 2012, and future potential losses amount to about 4,700 ha of land if these are fully developed over the next 10-15 years. The socio-ecological consequences of such losses are identified. Strong public opinion are reflected in the large number of news article on the topic over the last four years, pointing to the emergence of a contentious issue that requires careful management. Originality/value This paper conducted the first assessment of the spatial extent of secondary forests losses, and an extensive review of public opinion of the matter, and the results validated the significance of this topic.

scholarly journals Soil quality indicators in areas with different vegetation cover in the Atlantic Forest biome, Southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fernado Silva Coutinho ◽  
Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Shirlei Almeida Assunção ◽  
Silver Rodrigues Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Humic Fractions ◽  
Forest Biome

The southeast region of Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest biome, has been impacted for a long time, observing today small agricultural areas inserted in a matrix of pastures and forest fragments, the soils being highly modified due to the different forms of use they were submitted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the organic carbon content in the humic fractions on soil organic matter (SOM), the distribution of aggregates in size classes and the porosity and aggregates density variables by means of computed tomography in secondary forest, pasture and agriculture areas in Pinheiral (RJ). Three areas composed of secondary forests with different succession stages and three managed areas were evaluated: Secondary Forest (SF) Initial Stage (SFIS), Medium Stage (SFMS), Advanced Stage (SFAS), mixed managed pasture (MMP), and perennial and annual agriculture (PA and AA, respectively). Three types of samples were collected in different layers: i) deformed samples to quantify carbon in the SOM humic fractions; ii) clods for quantifying the mass of aggregates and later assessing the distribution by diameter classes; and iii) undisturbed samples collected with the aid of an acrylic cylinder to perform computed tomography (CT). Humic substances and aggregate classes below 2.0 mm were the attributes most influenced by the forms of use and/or vegetation cover. The CT technique proved to be efficient in the measurement of the edaphic attribute’s porosity and density of the aggregates, helping in the characterization and separation of the different environments.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI KAWASAN PENYANGGA TAMAN HUTAN RAYA SULTAN SYARIF HASYIM PROVINSI RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Andriano Hutapea ◽  
Eno Suwarno ◽  
Hadinoto Hadinoto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Point Count ◽  
A Value ◽  
Point Count Method ◽  
High Diversity

The existence and spread of birds are closely related to the availability of food and habitat for birds while showing the existence of an individual or group of individuals. Species of birds and how the spread of bird species is based on habitat in the buffer zone of Tahura Sultan Syarif Hasyim. The method used is to use the Point Count method while calculating existing vegetation using anveg (vegetation analysis). The composition of birds in various vegetation cover is divided into 2 namely secondary forest and agroforestry land, in secondary forests there are 292 individuals, 41 species, 25 families from 9 orders while on agroforestry land there are 213 individuals, 25 species, 16 families of 6 orders. Thus, in the buffer zone of Tahura Sultan Syarif Hasyim, there were 505 individuals, 48 ​​species, 28 families of 10 orders with diversity included in the category of "High Diversity" with a value of 3.54, in the distribution of 14 species of land species, 27 types of lower canopy, 37 types of middle canopy and 26 types of top canopy.

scholarly journals Landscape structure shapes the diversity of tree seedlings at multiple spatial scales in a fragmented tropical rainforest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253284
Author(s):  
Sergio Nicasio-Arzeta ◽  
Isela E. Zermeño-Hernández ◽  
Susana Maza-Villalobos ◽  
Julieta Benítez-Malvido
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

The maintenance of seedling diversity of animal-dispersed tree species is fundamental for the structure and function of forest patches in fragmented tropical rainforests. Nonetheless, the effects of landscape structure at different spatial scales on α- and β-diversity of tree seedling communities are recently explored. Using a multi-scale approach, we assessed the relative effect of landscape composition and configuration on α- and β-diversity of animal-dispersed seedlings within 16 forest patches in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We assessed these effects at 13 spatial scales (from 300 to 1500 m radius, at 100 m intervals) for three metrics of effective number of species considering α- and β-diversity. We found that α-diversity was largely affected by landscape composition and β-diversity by landscape configuration. On the one hand, the amount of secondary forest influenced α-diversity. Additionally, species richness increased in landscapes with highly aggregated forest patches. On the other hand, β-diversity was affected positively by forest fragmentation and negatively by the edge contrast of forest patches with the surrounding matrix. Our findings indicate that landscape configuration is a strong driver of seedling diversity in highly deforested rainforests. Promoting forest patches and secondary forests through payment for ecosystem services’ programs, favoring matrix quality within land-sharing schemes of smallholder agriculture and secondary forest management, and identifying restoration opportunities for assisted or unassisted natural regeneration are urgently needed for conservation of seedling diversity in human-modified tropical landscapes.

LAJU FOTOSINTESIS JENIS-JENIS POHON PIONIR HUTAN SEKUNDER DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN-SALAK JAWA BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pioneer Tree Species ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Tree growth is closely related to the process of photosynthesis. So far the rate of photosynthesis in elements of secondary forests has not been known, especially in pioneer species. At the same height of the place and micro-climate conditions, the rate of photosynthesis of pioneer species of secondary forest has a different rate of photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the ability of the rate of photosynthesis of some secondary forest pioneer tree species in order to support reforestation efforts on degraded forests and at the same time looking for the kinds of pioneers who have a high absorption of CO2 gas in an effort to reduce global warming caused by emissions CO2 gas in the air. The survey results noted there are 6 common pioneer tree species grow at the sites. Trema orientalis had the highest CO2 assimilation value which is equal to 20,350 μmol m-2s-1, followed by the Macaranga triloba (17,198 μmol m-2s-1), Omalanthus populneus (14,097 μmol m-2s-1), Mallotus paniculatus (13,118 μmol m-2s-1), Macaranga tanarius (12,862 μmol m-2s-1) and Weinmannia blumei (10,058 μmol m-2s-1). Research conducted during the rainy season (September 2010). During measurement, the light radiation in the upper leaf surface between 63,583 to 363,750 μmol m-2s-1, air temperature 21,8 to 26,70C, air humidity 75,8-89,8%, light intensity 2483,3 to 28701,7 Lux, soil pH 5,8 to 6,3 and soil moisture between 50,7 to 71,7%.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial resource use by female three-toed sloths and their young in an agricultural landscape in Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
pp. 1743-1755
Author(s):  
Oscar Ramirez ◽  
Christopher Vaughan ◽  
Geovanny Herrera ◽  
Raymond Guries
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Use Of Resources

The information on ecological behavior of wild sloths is very scarce. In this study we determined the home ranges and resources used by three adult female three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) and their four young in an agricultural matrix of cacao (Theobroma cacao), pasture, riparian forests and living fencerows in Costa Rica. Births occurred during November-December and the young became independent at five to seven months of age. Initially, mothers remained fixed in one or a few trees, but expanded their use of resources as young sloths became independent from them. Mothers initially guided the young to preferred food and cover resources, but they gradually left their young in small nucleus areas and colonized new areas for themselves. Home range sizes for young sloths (up to seven months of age) varied between 0.04-0.6 hectares, while home range sizes for mothers varied from 0.04-25.0 hectares. During the maternal care period, 22 tree species were used, with the most common being Cecropia obtusifolia (30.9%), Coussapoa villosa (25.6%), Nectandra salicifolia (12.1%), Pterocarpus officinalis (5.8%) and Samanea saman (5.4%). However, young sloths used only 20 tree species, with the most common being C. villosa (18.4%), S. saman (18.5 %) and N. salicifolia (16.7%). The cacao agroforest was used only by mother sloths and never by their young following separation. However, in the riparian forest, both mother sloths and young used the tree species. A total of 28 tree species were used by the mother sloth; including the food species: C. obtusifolia, C. villosa, N. salicifolia and P. officinalis. However, the young used 18 trees species in this habitat with N. salicifolia and S. saman most commonly used, although they rested and fed during the day in C. obtusifolia, C. villosa and O. sinnuata. The cacao agroforest with adjacent riparian forests and fencerows provides an important habitat type that links the smaller secondary forests and other patches.

scholarly journals Wealth of water resources and its relation to vegetation cover in the Forest Reserve Greece, Alajuela, Costa Rica.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Edwin Alberto Barrantes Barrantes ◽  
Víctor Hugo Méndez Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Water Springs

Ecosystems provide various environmental services such as key recharge and ow of the water resource, but they can be damaged by human activity. Understanding vegetation cover allows administrators to predict the effects of such changes on groundwater and the actions needed in ad- ministration. Grecia Forest Reserve is a 2000-hectare zone in Costa Rica that affects eleven settlements in the region. There we measured vegetation cover and water volume in all water springs (N=70). We identified four vegetation groups: secondary forest, scrubland, pasture and pine forest; and an overall mean ow of 1,12 l/s/ha. Most water springs were found in secondary forest, which had the highest vegetation cover; however, scrublands had higher flows.

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