Oil pollution in the Cromarty Firth and inshore Moray Firth

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
A. S. MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Production And Operation

SynopsisOil pollution incidents in the inshore Moray Firth 1975–84 and Cromarty Firth 1970–84 are reviewed, describing the levels, geographical patterns, trends and some impacts.Growth in oil-related activity in the inshore Moray and Cromarty Firths has not led to increased levels of oil pollution. In the Cromarty Firth the majority of incidents since 1970 have been from long-established shore-based sources, while the frequency of incidents and their impact have diminished over the last few years from levels in the early-raid 1970s which were very unsatisfactory. Incident levels in the inshore Moray Firth have also reduced since 1980.While no major environmental damage has resulted from oil pollution in this area, important wildlife resources, and in particular bird populations, have been shown in individual incidents to be extremely vulnerable to relatively small quantities of oil. It is thus important that continued attention is given to the prevention and treatment of oil pollution in this area and the strict procedures pertaining to oil exploration and production and operation of marine traffic should be maintained.

On the issue of environmental damage identification from oil pollution

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
M.M. Zaderigolova ◽  
◽  
S.V. Fradkin ◽  
D.Е. Yakushev ◽  
V.A. Kalinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Identification ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage

Marine Environmental Damage: The Compensability of Ecosystem Service Loss in International Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-641
Author(s):  
Günther Handl
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
Environmental Loss ◽  
National Practice ◽  
Marine Environmental

AbstractKey maritime conventions governing liability and compensation for pollution of the marine environment, foremost among them the 1992 Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Convention and the 2003 Supplementary Fund Protocol (the CLC/Fund regime), exclude compensation for pure environmental loss. This article discusses whether anything less than full compensation of damage to the marine environment, including the loss of ecosystem services, comports with contemporary international public policy or law. After reviewing and rejecting traditional arguments opposing such compensability, the article contrasts the CLC/Fund regime’s environmental claims practice with emerging trends in decision on the international legal plane and in select domestic legal systems, all of which support full compensation. The article thus concludes that an adjustment of the CLC/Fund regime’s environmental claims approach is desirable to align it with this international (and national) practice and thereby to protect the long-term integrity of the regime itself.

scholarly journals Regulation and Protection of the Sea from Oil Pollution by Tanker Ships in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elly Kristiani Purwendah ◽  
Aniek Periani ◽  
Elisabet Pudyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Environmental control in this case is intended to include prevention, mitigation and recovery carried out by the government, regional government and those in charge of businesses and/or activities in accordance with their respective authorities, roles and responsibilities. One of the instruments for preventing pollution and/or environmental damage consists of; environmental economic instruments, environmental-based laws and regulations, environmental-based budgets and other instruments according to the needs and/or developments of science.

scholarly journals Transboundary Environmental Harm in the Arctic – In Search of Accountability for an Oil Spill

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Outi Penttilä
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
Current Formulation ◽  
International Liability

Recently, the Arctic has transformed from a peripheral region to an area of great interest, for instance in terms of oil drilling. Nonetheless, no legal instrument has addressed the matter of accountability for transfrontier oil pollution damage. This article accordingly evaluates whether the current legal constructs, meaning State responsibility, international liability, civil liability regimes, and multilateral environmental agreements, allow accountability to be established for transboundary environmental harm resulting from hydrocarbon exploitation in the Arctic. It also examines whether these constructions could serve as the basis for future legislative actions. This article treats these four constructions as layers of accountability. After examining all of the layers in their current formulation, this article asserts that the existing layers cannot establish accountability for transboundary environmental damage in the Arctic, nor do they as such offer an effective way to regulate accountability in the future. Therefore, the article concludes that the law of accountability necessitates a new approach, such as a non-compliance mechanism or hybrid system combining elements of multiple layers. Finally, the article calls for immediate legislative actions.

Liabilities of industry stakeholders for pollution caused in Australian waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Simon Ball
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Productivity Commission ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
The Cost ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

There is no doubt that the recent Montara and Deepwater Horizon oil spills were catastrophic; the clean up continues and litigation is likely to drag on for several years. Who is held liable for the cost and clean up of an oil pollution event? Are these spills likely to change the field—if so, in what ways? Will the present contracting and insurance practices of Australian industry players be sufficient to protect them in the future? Offshore petroleum and gas production activities are covered by a range of sometimes confusing international, federal and state or territory laws. Operators, directors, contractors, financiers, co-venturers and other stakeholders may all have legal responsibilities in relation to pollution and other environmental impacts of offshore exploration and production activities. The Montara Commission of Inquiry has not yet been released, but the 2009 Productivity Commission Report has already focused attention on these issues. With reference to contracting practices in the Australian offshore petroleum and gas production industry—in particular indemnities and provisions purporting to limit or exclude liability—this paper outlines the potential extent of stakeholders’ liabilities under relevant international conventions, federal and state or territory legislation, and the common law. It considers the effect of anticipated changes to the operating environment in Australia and lessons to be learned after Montara. This paper will be of interest to any prudent investors, operators or others involved in the industry.

OIL POLLUTION CONTROL AND SPILL RESPONSE CAPABILITY IN THE ROPME SEA AREA

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
P. Bernard Ryan ◽  
Derek J. S.
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sea Area

ABSTRACT The ROPME sea area as defined in this paper is the scene of some of the world's most intensive offshore oil exploration and production and the associated crude oil refining and tanker terminaling for oil exportation. The potential for oil pollution in the area is high, with its confined nature making it especially vulnerable to the effects of oil pollution. Awareness of this problem is well developed in the region in both government and industry, and good progress has been made in recent years toward preparing for the big oil spill which has so far not materialized, but which most experts consider inevitable at some time. Two distinct groups share the concern for oil pollution. The oil industry has well over 40 companies active in the area in some way. Many of these have a 15 year history of cooperation in oil spill response and continue to play a full role in protecting the environment from the adverse effects of oil pollution. More recently, nations bordering the area have taken an active interest in the problem and have demonstrated an impressive record of commitment and action over the past five or six years. While government and industry have maintained their separate identities, a good working relationship exists between them, and there is good information exchange and practical cooperation between the two groups, most especially at the national level. Future years should see this trend develop even further. A very impressive arsenal of oil pollution response equipment has been built up in the sea area since two major oil spill incidents in 1980. What is especially noticeable now is the proportion of this equipment that is owned and operated directly by the government agencies. This stands in marked contrast to the situation in 1980. In addition to the equipment resources available, the pool of personnel trained in oil spill response technology and methods is rapidly expanding as a result of seminars, workshops, and training courses that are being organized on a regular basis. The development of national and regional legislation to control the main sources of man-made pollution, for example, from tanker operations and offshore exploration and production, is in a very active stage and the oil industry is expected to have clear operational guidelines within the next few years.

A comparison of the fauna retained on 0·5 mm and 1·0 mm meshes from benthic samples taken in the Beatrice Oilfield, Moray Firth, Scotland

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. D. Bishop ◽  
J. P. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Combined Data

SynopsisThe identity and abundance of animals passing through a 1·0 mm mesh but retained on a 0·5 mm mesh is detailed for a number of seabed samples of medium, fine and very fine sand taken in the Beatrice Oilfield in 1981. Comparisons are made with the corresponding 1·0mm-sieved fractions, and the effects on community parameters of combining the two data sets are considered.In general fewer animals were found on the 0·5 mm mesh than on the 1·0 mm mesh above it. The 0·5 mm mesh samples added comparatively few taxa to the faunal list of the survey. The quantitatively-scored taxa from the 0·5 mm mesh were therefore essentially a sub-set of those already recorded on the 1·0 mm mesh. Several taxa of Foraminiferida were found only on the 0·5 mm mesh, and one of these appeared to be relatively abundant. However. Foraminiferida were not scored quantitatively in this study.In all samples, when 0·5 mm and 1·0 mm data were combined an increase was noted in the number of taxa recorded compared with 1·0 mm data alone. This recruitment of taxa was largely a reflection of the greater number of individuals in the combined data, rather than the inclusion of taxa unique to the 0·5 mm material. Similarly, the improved precision of abundance estimates of dominant taxa in replicate samples in the combined data probably resulted from the greater number of individuals included in the analysis.It is argued that the choice of a particular mesh size imposes an essentially arbitrary cut-off along the size spectrum of benthic organisms. A 1·0 mm mesh has been found to yield adequate data in a number of offshore surveys undertaken by the Oil Pollution Research Unit (OPRU). Although a greater number of animals per sample is collected by sieving on a 0·5 mm mesh, the time taken to extract and identify this material must be considered. The alternative of spending an equivalent time analysing extra 1·0 mm samples may in fact yield a greater increase in confidence in the results.

The interrelation of petroleum research and company activities

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1510) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Direct Linkage ◽  
Successful Innovation ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Scientific Manpower

In preparing this paper I am faced with a clearly expressed requirement, a thing much valued by those engaged in industrial research on account of its comparative rarity. Professor Lighthill’s letter said first that it was hoped that ‘each speaker would explain how his particular concern uses its scientific manpower to the best advantage’, and followed this with a short list of aspects which might be covered, of which I have chosen ‘the interaction between research activities and other important activities within the concern, such as planning, marketing and patenting’. Having accepted this clear request, may I be forgiven if I make a very slight change. I do not propose to deal with patenting, and its related activity licensing, because in the Company I shall discuss, these are an integral part of the Research and Development (R. & D.) Department. But I must expand the list of other Company activities by including supply, transport and manufacturing, all of which have the same importance as marketing in the Company I am going to talk about—British Petroleum. There are two important areas of the Company which I shall not be dealing with, namely exploration and production of crude oil, and petroleum chemicals. In short, my remarks will deal with the activities of an oil company from the time the crude reaches the wellhead to the time a product is put into the hands of a customer. The recent report to the Prime Minister on ‘technical innovation in Britain’ draws attention to five conditions for successful innovation, of which the first was: ‘The direct linkage of research and development, production and marketing into a single interacting operation’.

scholarly journals Management Strategies to Protect Coastal Areas from Oil-Polluted Seawater (A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Bekasi Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
P Agustine ◽  
H Parung ◽  
P Davey ◽  
C Frid
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Following an oil spill in the western Java Sea, in July 2019, the issue of oil pollution has received heightened interest. More and more people in Indonesia are increasingly aware that environmental damage will be a severe threat to the sustainability of ecosystems and environmental services. Given that oil pollution does endanger not only the aquatic ecosystem but also the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem, it is essential to encourage the involvement of stakeholders to contribute to efforts to prevent and minimize the impact of oil pollution in coastal areas that may arise in the future. Thus, since oil pollution is extremely harmful not only to aquatic ecosystems but also terrestrial ecosystems, coastal management strategies are urgently required to minimize the impact of oil pollution in the future. The overall aim of this research is to provide recommendations for policy formulations that may be adopted by the relevant local government to protect coastal areas from seawater contaminated with oil. This research uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including Statistical analysis, Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The type of data collected will be primary data and secondary data which are sourced from experts and agencies engaged in the management of the coastal and marine environments.

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