Approaches to representing and reasoning with technical regulatory information

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wai Hing Chung ◽  
David Stone

AbstractRegulatory information has a direct and significant effect on the safety, economics and quality of many industries' operations and end-products. However, standards documents are often voluminous and can be complex. Users of such standards need to invest considerable time and effort to become familiar with the structure and content of the documents. Therefore, it has long been recognized that computer handling of this information is a potentially useful application area. This paper provides an overview of the work that has been done to provide computer systems that will help both users and authors of regulations. The emphasis is on using advanced symbolic computing techniques that would help in accessing, interpreting and applying the information.

The article examines the transition of Ukraine from the periphery of the modern world-economy to the semi-periphery. Several global variants of such a transition have been analysed and a hybrid version has been proposed. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian export-import operations, the conclusion of our previous work of Ukraine being one of the periphery states has been confirmed. According to the global practice, for such states, there are two options for the transition to the semi-periphery. The first of them is the implementation of such systemic reforms that will allow for a considerable time to redistribute profits from international operations in their favour. This option is implemented in two forms. The first is authoritarian modernization (examples – Singapore, China). The second is reforms carried out with the broad support of the countries of the centre (an example is the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of the Central Europe countries). The second option is cooperation with the hegemonic state (USA) in the field of security and maintenance of order, for which such a state receives various support and access to the American sales market (examples - South Korea, Japan and the FRG, partly Turkey and Chile). It was concluded that the above options are unacceptable in a difficult Ukrainian case (chronic under-reforming, low quality of the Ukrainian elite, internal problems in the EU and the United States, a protracted conflict with the Russian Federation, etc.), thus there is a need for such an option that would combine the elements of all of the above – that is, a hybrid one. The proposed option assumes, firstly, the introduction of qualitatively new representatives into the Ukrainian elite, capable for systemic reforms, secondly, the continuation of European integration efforts, thirdly, strengthening cooperation with the United States in the security sphere, and fourthly, the activation of regional integration projects (primarily with Turkey and Poland). If efforts in one of the designated areas fail, then resources can be redirected to activate others without wasting precious time. As a conclusion, it was stated that the proposed hybrid version of Ukraine’s transition from the periphery to the semi-periphery looks like the only realistic way for Ukraine.


2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Neil Dhoul ◽  
Jeremy VanVlymen ◽  
Simon De Lusignan
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Alwiyah Alwiyah ◽  
Chloe Greisy ◽  
Afni Afitri

Attendance information conducted by students can now be easily accessed by a supervisor. However, there are 3 (three) difficulties faced by supervisors, one of which is presenting information with tables requiring considerable time and very high accuracy to measure the comparison of information contained within it. In order to facilitate the supervisor in recording and measuring attendance of student tutoring students handled, the Attendance Rating system will present information in the form of graphics using Highchart. Presentation of information in the form of a graph on Attendance Assessment will present information in the form of Nim (Student Registration Number), supervisor, and guidance time. Information on the guidance time in the graph can be used as a comparison to measure the level of student activity in following the guidance. The Attendance Rating System uses the YII Frameworkbased website because it is also easy to develop web applications and the YII Framework has a good level of security. In this study, there are 5 (five) advantages and 1 (one) deficiency in the Attendance Assessment system. With this research, it is expected that the Attendance Assessment system can improve the quality of student attendance in the tutoring process at Raharja College.


Author(s):  
Judith G. Kelley

This chapter compares how several countries respond to recommendations by monitors in the long run, and whether the overall quality of elections improves throughout multiple monitored elections. Most monitoring efforts aim not simply to deter overt cheating in a single round of elections, but to bring changes in the long run. This is one reason many organizations invest considerable time on the ground. More than half of monitored elections have at least one pre-election visit by an organizational delegation, and in about 40 percent of elections at least one organization arrived a month or more in advance. Most importantly, international election monitors usually include many recommendations in their reports. These recommendations call attention to current problems in the legal and administrative framework for elections and often make concrete suggestions about how to address them.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050147
Author(s):  
Saleema Panda ◽  
Danielle S Tan

Segregation of granular particles affects the quality of end products in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food processing industries. Many researchers have worked on controlling the mechanical properties of granular particles to minimize segregation. In this paper, we studied different chute-related factors — inclination angle, friction, fill, channel geometry and base profile — and their effects on segregation. We conducted a small-scale experiment with chute inclined at different angles, and also numerical simulations performed using an open-source discrete element method (DEM) code — LIGGGHTS. We found the optimal condition for minimum segregation of a binary granular mixture. We concluded that segregation is minimized if the stream-wise velocity is low, for example, by keeping the chute at a low inclination [Formula: see text] and increasing the wall roughness to 0.14.


2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca De Marco ◽  
Evangelos Kranakis

Diagnosing the quality of components in fault-tolerant computer systems often requires numerous tests with limited resources. It is usually the case that repeated tests on a selected, limited number of components are performed and the results are taken into account so as to infer a diagnostic property of the computer system as a whole. In this paper we abstract fault-tolerant testing as the following problem concerning the color of the majority in a set of colored balls. Given a set of balls each colored with one of two colors, the majority problem is to determine whether or not there is a majority in one of the two colors. In case there is such a majority, the aim is to output a ball of the majority color, otherwise to declare that there is no majority. We propose algorithms for solving the majority problem by repeatedly testing only k-tuple queries. Namely, successive answers of an oracle (which accepts as input only k-tuples) to a sequence of k-tuple queries are assembled so as to determine whether or not the majority problem has a solution. An issue is to design an algorithm which minimizes the number of k-tuple queries needed in order to solve the majority problem on any possible input of n balls. In this paper we consider three querying models: Output, Counting, and General, reflecting the amount and type of information provided by the oracle on each test for a k-tuple.


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