An Appraisal of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Ethiopia: The Case of Meta Abo Brewery

This study investigates the implementation and follow-up of the environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) in Meta Abo Brewery in Ethiopia. Specifically, it aims to assess the implementation mechanism and status of ESIA monitoring and evaluation, the adequacy of the legal and administrative framework for ESIA implementation and follow-up, and the perception of residents towards the ESIA implementation and follow-up by the proponent. A mixed research approach was employed to collect and analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. Thematic and descriptive data analysis was used to analyze data collected through key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussion (FGD), closed-ended questions, and document review. Data were obtained from 11 purposely selected interviewees and 6 FGD participants, as well as 175 randomly selected respondents. This study found the practical implementation mechanism of ESIA monitoring and evaluation as well as weak ESIA monitoring and evaluation status through the case study. The main causes of this weak ESIA system are weak implementation of ESIA monitoring and evaluation by the regulatory body and proponent, weak cooperation among regulatory body and proponent, weak institutional capacity, and weak managerial commitments. The study also indicated a lack of adequate legal and administrative frameworks and the absence of regular revision of relevant legislation. Additionally, the study identified that the proponent has some weaknesses in the ESIA implementation and follow-up. The findings regarding the legal and administrative framework can be developed to guide the formulation and amendment of the ESIA legal and administrative framework not only for Ethiopia, but other developing countries as well. Moreover, the findings of this study can be a groundwork for future studies to fill the gap by understanding the social-cultural barrier and finding appropriate strategies to enhance the ESIA system in developing countries.

From administrative to political order? Global legal history, the organic law, and the constitution of mandate Syria, 1925–1930

This article explores the making of the State of Syria after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. I argue that an event-based approach in global legal history offers a useful perspective for studying the transition from imperial to international and national systems. Drawing on new archival research in France and Saudi Arabia, I focus upon the creation of the 1928 Syrian constitution in the League’s mandate to show the administrative framework of political orders. First, I describe the French administrative logic through the story of the international ‘organic law’. Second, I describe the way the organic law necessitated the Syrian political constitution. The constrained constitutional process resulted in a clash and a compromise about a Muslim president between secularist republicans and exiled, Saudi-related Muslim monarchists. Global history can profit from this approach by rethinking decolonization as administrative reorganization and by focusing on dissenting, non-state actors in state-making.

Mit Aufgaben im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht professionell umgehen - Erkenntnisse einer Interviewstudie mit Lehrpersonen der Sekundarstufe

Der Beitrag legt Befunde einer interdisziplinär angelegten qualitativen Studie mit angehenden und erfahrenen Lehrpersonen dar, wobei im vorliegenden Beitrag spezifisch die Expertise in Bezug zum Gegenstand Aufgaben fokussiert wird. Um diese zugänglich zu machen, wurden in unserer Studie Expert*innen und Noviz*innen mit erzählgenerierenden Interviews befragt, die in einer Triangulation von qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse und dokumentarischer Methode ausgewertet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zum Interviewgegenstand Aufgaben zeichnen ein heterogenes Bild der Orientierungen, die vor allem die Spannungsfelder inklusionspädagogisch-fachlichen Handelns unter sekundarstufenspezifischen strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen sichtbar machen. Aus den Erkenntnissen werden Folgerungen für die universitäre Bildung abgeleitet. Abstract The paper presents the findings of an interdisciplinary qualitative interview study with prospective and experienced teachers, whereby the focus of the present paper is on the expertise in relation to the subject tasks. In order to make these accessible, our study questioned experts and novices with narrative-generating interviews, which were evaluated in a triangulation of qualitative content analysis and documentary method. The results of the interviews about the subject tasks draw a heterogeneous picture. This concerns both the explicitness of the interweaving and the visible orientations towards inclusive teaching, which make the areas of tension between pedagogical and professional action under the structural, administrative framework conditions visible. Conclusions for university teaching with prospective teachers will be derived from the findings.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING A PRO BONO CULTURE AMONG LEGAL PRACTITIONERS IN NIGERIA

Pro bono legal services are professional services rendered by lawyers or other legal experts1 to indigent and disadvantaged litigants in the society for the public good id est, in order to promote a just and equitable society. It is a subset of the principle of equal access to justice and is based on the assumption that the poor requires but cannot access justice because they lack the financial means. Using the doctrinal approach, this discourse assesses the existing legal and administrative framework for pro bono engagement by lawyers in Nigeria with a view to identifying areas of improvement. Having identified possible areas of improvement, recommendations are proffered on legislative and administrative measures towards improving the level of engagement in pro bono legal services by legal practitioners in the country.

FALKE: Experiences From Transdisciplinary Educational Research by Fourteen Disciplines

This article details how the FALKE research project (Fachspezifische Lehrerkompetenzen im Erklären; Engl.: subject-specific teacher competency in explaining) integrates 14 heterogeneous disciplines in order to empirically examine the didactic quality of teacher explanations in eleven school subjects by bringing together trans-, multi-, and interdisciplinary perspectives. In order to illustrate the academic landscape of the FALKE project we briefly outline the nature of the transdisciplinary German “Fachdidaktiken” (Engl.: subject-matter didactics, i.e., special academic disciplines of teaching and learning specific school subjects). The FALKE project required the willingness of all researchers from eleven participating subject-matter didactics to rely on both the concepts and the methods of educational sciences as an overarching research framework (transdisciplinary aspect). All researchers of subject-matter didactics had to develop a shared conceptual, methodological, and administrative framework in order to empirically investigate commonalities in and differences between “good explanations” across the range of school subjects represented (multidisciplinary aspect). The additional perspectives of researchers in speech science and linguistics proved fruitful in recognizing rhetorical and linguistic aspects of teacher explanations (interdisciplinary aspect). Data management and statistical analysis were provided by the discipline methods of educational sciences. Rather than reporting empirical results, we here discuss opportunities and challenges as well as the lessons learned from the FALKE project regarding cognitive-epistemic reasoning, communication, and organization.

CHILD RIGHTS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES IN INDIA: A CRITIQUE

In the words of Mr. V Sashikumar, general secretary of the Construction Workers Federation of India (CWFI), there are 6 crore construction workers in India. Only 3.5 crore of them are registered with Welfare Boards. All these unregistered and even many of those who are registered, do not get benefit of all welfare schemes. Majority of construction workers and their families are languishing in poverty with no or very limited access to basic necessities like nutritious food, healthcare facility, potable water etc. This has adverse impact on the growth and development of children of construction workers. Often it results in blatant violation of human rights of children. Recent on foot migration of thousands of workers alongwith their children (on account of hasty and sudden lockdown) to their hometown due to lack of food and money is an example of how their rights are neglected. This research paper is an attempt to critically analyse the law in India on prevention of child labour and offering welfare measures to the construction workers and their children’s. It also contains an analysis of judicial trend on rights of children’s in construction industry. Author has also suggested many reforms in current legal and administrative framework for improved protection of rights of children’s of construction workers. KEY WORDS: Construction, Workers, Children, Rights, Welfare

UNA APROXIMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICO-JURÍDICA AL AGROTURISMO EN ESPAÑA DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LA OFERTA

La presente contribución pretende explorar la situación del agroturismo en España desde el punto de vista de la oferta. Tras un primer apartado teórico-conceptual sobre el agroturismo se analiza la presencia y tratamiento de dicha actividad en el marco jurídico-administrativo español y a continuación se aborda su distribución territorial. Pese a la existencia de un marco turístico favorable al agroturismo, acorde con las tendencias de la demanda turística actual y el elevado potencial turístico del territorio, el nivel de desarrollo e implantación del agroturismo en España es menor al de otros países europeos. La identificación del agroturismo y su individualización frente a otros tipos de turismo no está bien resuelta en España. This paper seeks to explore the current state of agritourism in Spain by taking a supply-side perspective. Following on from a theoretical-conceptual analysis of agritourism, the presence of this activity within the Spanish legal-administrative framework and the provisions made for it therein are examined, and its territorial distribution within Spain is described. Despite the existence of a tourism framework that is apparently favourable to agritourism, given current trends in tourism demand and Spain’s great potential for tourism, the level of development and implementation of agritourism in Spain is not as advanced as that in other European countries. The recognition of agritourism and, consequently, the development of an identity that is distinct from that of other types of tourism have not, as yet, been adequately addressed in Spain.