Evaluation of Solvita compost stability and maturity tests for assessment of quality of end-products from mixed latrine style compost toilets

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey B. Hill ◽  
Susan A. Baldwin ◽  
Bjorn Vinnerås
Keyword(s):  
Compost Stability ◽  
End Products

Study of external factors to minimize segregation of granular particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050147
Author(s):  
Saleema Panda ◽  
Danielle S Tan
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Wall Roughness ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
End Products ◽  
Granular Particles ◽  
Scale Experiment

Segregation of granular particles affects the quality of end products in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food processing industries. Many researchers have worked on controlling the mechanical properties of granular particles to minimize segregation. In this paper, we studied different chute-related factors — inclination angle, friction, fill, channel geometry and base profile — and their effects on segregation. We conducted a small-scale experiment with chute inclined at different angles, and also numerical simulations performed using an open-source discrete element method (DEM) code — LIGGGHTS. We found the optimal condition for minimum segregation of a binary granular mixture. We concluded that segregation is minimized if the stream-wise velocity is low, for example, by keeping the chute at a low inclination [Formula: see text] and increasing the wall roughness to 0.14.

scholarly journals Quality control practices at BMC centre – A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
P. Sowmya ◽  
N. T. Krishna Kishore ◽  
N. Vani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Main Factor

Raw milk quality is one of the most important factor before processing of milk and milk products. It is the main factor which is responsible for deciding the quality of end products. The present study was carried out at the selected BMC centre of a FPO owned dairy unit in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The principal objective of the study was to draw a comparison between BMC standards of NDDB and standards of selected BMC centre. The findings of the study show that there are no major deviations except delay in opening and closing timings for milk collection. As a result preparation time is reduced hindering the efficiency of milk collection process. BMC unit is well-being running manually by operator and switch was being turned off once BMC centre milk temperature touches 40C and starts at 60C, due to this delay in manual cutoff the milk is being crystallized. As per NDDB standards auto mode is recommended so that the BMC switches off automatically once the milk temperature reaches 40C and restarts at 60C at BMC centre.

scholarly journals Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10528
Author(s):  
Robert Impraim ◽  
Anthony Weatherley ◽  
Trevor Coates ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Helen Suter
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compost Stability ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and nitrogen (N) transformation) and also the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) between lignite-amended and unamended cattle manure during forced aeration composting. Amending manure with lignite did not alter the time to compost stability despite delaying the onset of the thermophilic temperatures. Lignite treatments retained N in the manure by suppressing NH3 loss by 35–54%, resulting in lignite-amended manure composts having 10–19% more total N than the unamended compost. Relative to manure only, lignites reduced GHG emissions over the composting period: nitrous oxide (N2O) (58–72%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (12–23%) and methane (CH4) (52–59%). Low levels of CH4 and N2O emissions were observed and this was attributed to the continuous forced aeration system used in the composting. Lignite addition also improved the germination index of the final compost: 90–113% compared to 71% for manure only. These findings suggest that lignite amendment of manure has the potential to improve the quality of the final compost whilst mitigating the environmental release of NH3 and GHGs.

Utilization of sludge in building material

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Okuno ◽  
Y. Ishikawa ◽  
A. Shimizu ◽  
M. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
End Products ◽  
Big City ◽  
Solidification Processes ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
The City

Several thermal solidification processes have been developed mainly in Japan. They are lightweight aggregates, brick, interlocking tile, char, and slag. A full-scale plant of them has been successfully operated for more than 10 years. The quality of the end products is better than the traditional ones. They are all substitutive to existing ones. The Japanese experience proves that all the processes are technically feasible, but not economically. Their manufacturing cost is always higher than market price. In addition, they consume large amounts of energy. However, if they are identified for a process of sludge disposal, all of them are worth considering for a big city where there is no place for the sludge to go. The end products can be reused inside the city. A new alternative is “Portland cement”. A Portland cement manufacturer accepts sewage sludge, if being paid some amount of money. An average payment is US$100 each 1,000 kg of ash or sludge cake. The Portland cement manufacturer accepts either cake or ash at the same price. It is about 50 to 30% of the energy cost of thermal solidification. The question is which is the better, dewatered cake or incinerated ash, for the Portland cement application. The answer is “it depends on the distance between the sewage plant and the Portland cement plant.”

Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability: An Updated and Expanded Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 003435522110348
Author(s):  
Hanoch Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
End Products ◽  
Research Findings

The article revisits and updates an earlier model (Livneh, 2001) that examined the building blocks that constitute the dynamics of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID). In the revised tripartite model, the author reconstructs and refines the earlier model based on recent theoretical formulations, clinical reviews and research findings. In the revised model, the author discusses three overarching components, namely, antecedents (causes of medical conditions, background variables), processes (the dynamically unfolding course of post-CID events), and outcomes (anticipated exit indicators that serve, as snapshot end products, to assess the individual’s experienced and reported quality of life following onset of CID). The article concludes with a brief review of the model’s practical and research implications.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ABHYANGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3074-3080
Author(s):  
Sabna P P ◽  
Anjali Sivaram ◽  
Hakkeem Panthappulan
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Lymphatic Circulation ◽  
End Products ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Physiological Evaluation

Lifestyle interventions are the major Ayurvedic preventive and therapeutic approach that helps in building a healthy metabolic system, attaining good digestion and proper excretion. To achieve the aim of Ayurveda, i.e., to preserve and promote the health of healthy, it prescribes many measures in the form of daily routine [Dinacharya], seasonal regime [Rtu charya] etc. Abhyanga has been included as a part of Dinacharya and as a treatment for certain diseases. It is also a part of the pre-therapeutic procedures of Panchakarma (five purificatory measures). It prevents Jara [ageing process], help to overcome Srama [fatigue], cures disease caused by Vata, promotes eyesight, improves texture and quality of skin, longevity etc. Since Vata dominates in the Sparsanendriya (skin) and Taila (oil) possess those qualities opposite to that of Vata, Abhyanga pacify Vata to a great extent. Since Sparsha is also the seat of Pitta dosha, and the eye itself is the seat of Pitta, Drshtiprasada effect of Abhyanga described in classics can be explained. By massaging, through oil application and generating heat by friction, Abhyanga stimulate blood circu- lation and lymphatic circulation. It also serves as the transporting medium of nutritional substances, metabolic end- products etc. So, it is an attempt to explore the physiological effects of Abhyanga as Dinacharya in the body. Keywords: Abhyanga, Pancha karma, Physiology

Effect of diet processing and enzyme supplementation of wheat based diets on growing pig performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
B.P. Gill ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
End Products ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Pig Meat ◽  
Pig Performance

Field observations suggest an increased incidence of digestive disorders (e.g. non-specific colitis) when growing pigs are offered diets containing high levels of wheat, particularly when the diet is offered in pellet rather than in meal form. This may be due to the anti-nutritive effects of wheat non-starch polysaccharides, with the possibility that such effects are increased following diet processing. Additionally, the provocative effects of wheat on digestive disorders may involve a change in gut microbial balance, which in turn may influence the production of fermentation end products such as skatole. High skatole concentrations (> 0.2 ppm) in carcass fat can adversely influence the sensory quality of pig meat. In this study the aim was to evaluate the effect of diet processing and feed enzyme (xylanase) supplementation of wheat based diets on the performance, general health and carcass skatole levels in growing pigs.

Approaches to representing and reasoning with technical regulatory information

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wai Hing Chung ◽  
David Stone
Keyword(s):  
Computer Systems ◽  
Application Area ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
End Products ◽  
Regulatory Information ◽  
Standards Documents

AbstractRegulatory information has a direct and significant effect on the safety, economics and quality of many industries' operations and end-products. However, standards documents are often voluminous and can be complex. Users of such standards need to invest considerable time and effort to become familiar with the structure and content of the documents. Therefore, it has long been recognized that computer handling of this information is a potentially useful application area. This paper provides an overview of the work that has been done to provide computer systems that will help both users and authors of regulations. The emphasis is on using advanced symbolic computing techniques that would help in accessing, interpreting and applying the information.

Biomass fuel production from cellulosic sludge through biodrying: Aeration strategies, quality of end-products, gaseous emissions and techno-economic assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
N. Guerra-Gorostegi ◽  
D. González ◽  
B. Puyuelo ◽  
J. Ovejero ◽  
J. Colón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
End Products

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting stage, storage and processing on nutritional and industrial quality of wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Gupta ◽  
Vanita Pandey ◽  
Sneh Narwal ◽  
Pradeep Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Starchy Endosperm ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
The World ◽  
End Products ◽  
Harvesting Stage

To meet the energy need of the ever growing world’s population, wheat is the second most widely gowned cereal after rice in the world. Nutritional deterioration starts right from the field before harvesting the crops to the storage and the final consumption (processing loss). The importance of wheat is mainly due to the fact that its grain can be processed into various end products like flour, semolina, and other bakery products. The quality of these products is directly proportional to preserving the nutrient density of wheat while processing. The wheat grain contains 2-3% germ, 13-17% bran and 80-85% mealy endosperm. The wheat bran is mainly rich in fiber (53%), vitamin B complex and minerals which are lost from the starchy endosperm during the first stage of milling. The endosperm mainly contains energy-yielding starch. The germ lies at one end of the grain which is rich in proteins (25%) and lipids (8-13%). Therefore, understanding the proper stage of grain harvesting, storage and processing would save the nutritional values of the grains.

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