Strange Birds: Ornithology and the Advent of the Collared Dove in Post-World War II Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lachmund
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
The Social

ArgumentIn this paper I study the engagement of German ornithologists with the Collared Dove, a bird species of Asian origin that spread massively throughout Central Europe in the 1940s and 1950s. Never before had the spread of a single species attracted so much attention from European ornithologists. Ornithologists were not only fascinated by the exotic origin of the bird, but even more so by the unprecedented rapidity of its expansion. As it is argued in the paper, the advent of the bird created an outstanding opportunity for ornithologists to study the process of biogeographic range expansion. The paper traces how knowledge on the dove's expansion took shape in the social, discursive, and material practices of a large-scale observation campaign of German ornithologists (both amateurs and academics). The paper also argues that ornithologists’ observation practices have contributed to the construction of a benevolent cultural image of the Collared Dove. This sets the case of the Collared Dove apart from many recent debates in which newly arriving species have been framed as a threat to biodiversity. The paper contributes both to a historical understanding of scientific fieldwork as well as of the role of scientific knowledge in the shaping of cultural meanings of animals.

Comments

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Karl R. Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Made In

In recent years there has been a deplorable lack of interest in Austria in the historical role of the Jews in Central Europe. Given the general trends towards internationalization of the social sciences and the interdisciplinary method of analysis, this neglect is most distressing. Presumably this lack of scholarly interest is related to the fact that since World War II the Central European Jews no longer constitute a distinct ethnic and religious group. Apart from studies made in university institutes for Jewish studies and in occasional publications which have mainly treated various aspects of “the holocaust,” most studies have approached Jewish history only collaterally by focusing on anti-Semitism.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

scholarly journals The monthly magazine «Praca Kobiet» about the activities of organizations related to the Women’s International Democratic Federation (March – December 1946)

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Adam Miodowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Research Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Methods Analytical

The research on women’s history presented in this publication supplements the gap existing in polish historiography. The gap includes not only knowledge about the activities of women's organizations associated in the Women’s International Democratic Federation (including the polish Social-Civic League of Women). The same applies to the assessment of the role of women in political, social and cultural changes taking place in Poland (and in the world) in the first years after the end of World War II. The main purpose of this publication is to show the historical conditions of the activities of the Social-Civic League of Women, as well as similar organizations in other European, African and North American countries. The basic source used in the research process is the monthly «Praca Kobiet» (and additionally the periodical «Nasza Praca»). The work uses a methodology typical for studies based on press sources. Their list includes the following methods: analytical-empirical, deductive-nomological, deductive-hypothetical and classical method of content analysis. The effect of the undertaken research is to establish that the information articles on the activities of organizations associated in the Women’s International Democratic Federation published on the pages of the «Praca Kobiet» monthly were in fact agitation and propaganda. The polish feminist press manipulated facts and thus influenced the formation of pro-communist and anti-Western views of women. The topic is not exhausted and needs to be continued. Further research will require a wider use of press sources not only from Poland, but also from other countries.

scholarly journals ХУМАНИТАРНА И ВАСПИТНООБРАЗОВНА УЛОГА ЖЕНСКЕ ПОДРУЖИНЕ И ЊЕНЕ ЗАНАТСКЕ ШКОЛЕ У НИШУ ОД ОСНИВАЊА ДО ПОЧЕТКА ДРУГОГ СВЕТСКОГ РАТА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Мирјана Стакић ◽  
Слађана Видосављевић
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Trade School ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Methods

In this paper, by applying historical methods and the pedagogical documentation analysis, we examine the humanitarian and general educational role of the Female community of Niš and its trade school since its establishment until the beginning of World War II. The community of Niš was established after the liberation from the Turks at the beginning of 1879, as a branch of the Female community of Belgrade. The communities represented humanitarian organizations that took care of the protection of women and their rights to enlightenment, and were directly involved in the establishment and operation of the Women's Trade school of Niš (founded in 1883). Women were more able to bond, to make lingerie and dresses during education. Despite the minimal representation of general subjects, the Female community of Niš and its trade school enabled organized institutional education of members, meaning women, through their active humanitarian and general educational operation. The female students who finished this school, were able to perform handicraft work and thus got the opportunity to, actively along with men, participate in the social life of Serbia in the first half of the twentieth century.

Cavalry since 1500

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gerges
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World War ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Military Revolutions ◽  
A Charge ◽  
True Measure

Cavalry, one of the three principal combat branches, has long been known as “the combat arm of decision.” This view, of a horse-mounted cavalry soldier delivering a charge at a gallop and turning a battlefield victory into a rout, is the idealized view of supporters. The role of cavalry, and whether it could continue to play a role on a battlefield dominated by firearms, has been the central debate since the 16th century. After cavalry forces lost their unquestioned battlefield dominance during the medieval period, the next four centuries witnessed a reevaluation and readjustment of their role. Others refused to admit to these changes, arguing for an unaltered role. The heyday of the mounted arm’s effectiveness came during the Napoleonic era (1799–1815), when a general equality among the various branches allowed cavalry its last true measure of shock effect as its principal mission. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the successive improvements in firearms technology threatened cavalry’s continued relevance on the battlefield. This professional debate climaxed in the period prior to World War I, as the most powerful nations discussed the experiences of the Boer War and Russo-Japanese War. World War I witnessed limited use of cavalry in the major theater, but large-scale use of horse cavalry in secondary theaters provided evidence for the supporters of animal-powered cavalry. World War II was the final large-scale use of horse cavalry, but this was due more to necessity than to continued relevance on the battlefield. As a field, the study of cavalry has been looked at by two camps of writers—one looking at the flashing swords and tales of glory, and the other looking at the arm as an adjunct to the major armies. Few scholarly works discuss cavalry across the breath of the period or how cavalry dealt with the issues of modernization or societal change. Recently, the historical community has reawakened to the debates concerning the proper role and missions of cavalry. Beginning in the early 1990s, the examination of the phenomenon of military revolutions and reemergence of disciplined infantry as the dominant arm on the battlefield has led to a number of works looking into the changes this caused in the cavalry, not only in its role on the battlefield but also as the purview of society’s elites.

Emigrazione e trasformazioni sociali nel Mezzogiorno

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Enrico Pugliese
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

- The article analyses the socio-economic changes that have taken place in the Italian Mezzogiorno with particular reference to international as well as national migrations. In accordance with Manlio Rossi-Doria's view, emigration is here considered one of the most active factors of social change. The article puts forward some hypotheses concerning Rossi-Doria's positive attitude towards emigration In fact, who had observed the improvement in the living conditions of the southern peasant during the 1920s thanks to the savings and remittances of the migrants. Even greater are the social changes brought about by a second large-scale migratory wave which took place after the World War II - which shook up the traditional oppressive social structure and brought an end to the peasants' dire poverty. Of course the effects of emigration were coupled with the effects of other factors such as state intervention in the South.EconLit Classification: O150, R230, R580Keywords: Migrations, Social Changes, Development, South of Italy

In Search of Catharsis. Theatre in Serbia in the 1990s

Südosteuropa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Šentevska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Present State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chief Interest

Abstract This paper discusses various points about the response of the Serbian theatre to the social crisis of the 1990s. The focus here is on publicly-funded theatres and their role in pacifying or mobilizing theatre audiences either to participate in or revolt against the political projects which accompanied the dissolution of Yugoslavia. The Serbian theatre system in the 1990s entered a clear process of transformation of its models of management, production, financing, public relations and, naturally, the language and forms of expression inherited from the socialist 1980s. The chief interest of this study is the transformation of the theatre system since the end of World War II, theatrical interpretations of the historical and literary past in Serbia, the role of theatre in the identity ‘makeovers’ that followed the demise of Yugoslavia, and stage interpretations of contemporary crises. Consideration is also given to the present state of the theatre in Serbia.

scholarly journals The Sociology of Knowledge

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
World War ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Social Determinism ◽  
The Social

The concept “sociology of knowledge” emerged from European sociologyand especially from Marxist thought which posited that the socialcharacteristics of a category of thinkers determine their intellectual productsas much or more than the intrinsic merit of their ideas themselves.’ whileMarxists, as materialists, naturally emphasized the effects of the social classof their bourgeois and feudal opponents on the latter‘s thinking in order to discounttheir arguments, the notion of social determinism can be equally wellapplied to other categories of thinkers such as national, ethnic, or religious inanalyzing their impact on an academic discipline, provided that one is carefulnot to assume a simplistic, one-to-one correlation between a thinker‘s socialbackground or religion and his ideas.It is my purpose in this paper to explore the causes, degree, and possibleconsequences of the disproportionate role of people of Jewish origin, if notfaith, in the development of the social sciences, particularly in the periodsince World War II in North America, compared to the as yet meager impactof Muslims in those fields. The powerful impact of Jewish scholars is not juston U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, which is well-known if controversial,but, anterior to policy-making , they have largely shaped the paradigms,the conceptual apparatus, with which most Westerners, approach, perceive,and analyze society in general and the Muslim world in particular.A cautionary note first is in order. Scholars who are by others or bythemselves designated as “Jewish” vary, like Muslims and Christians, fromthe most orthodox to the most secualr, so one must avoid stereotyping and ...

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

Painted Memories

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
mayer kirshenblatt ◽  
barbara kirshenblatt-gimblett
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Yom Kippur ◽  
Root Vegetables

Mayer Kirshenblatt remembers in words and paintings the daily diet of Jews in Poland before the Holocaust. Born in 1916 in Opatóów (Apt in Yiddish), a small Polish city, this self-taught artist describes and paints how women bought chickens from the peasants and brought them to the shoykhet (ritual slaughterer), where they plucked the feathers; the custom of shlogn kapores (transferring one's sins to a chicken) before Yom Kippur; and the role of herring and root vegetables in the diet, especially during the winter. Mayer describes how his family planted and harvested potatoes on leased land, stored them in a root cellar, and the variety of dishes prepared from this important staple, as well as how to make a kratsborsht or scratch borsht from the milt (semen sack) of a herring. In the course of a forty-year conversation with his daughter, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, who also interviewed Mayer's mother, a picture emerges of the daily, weekly, seasonal, and holiday cuisine of Jews who lived in southeastern Poland before World War II.

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