THE POWER OF BABEL: TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOMS.Viv Edwards. Stoke-on-Trent, UK: Trentham Books, 1998. Pp. 88. £11.95 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-284
Author(s):  
Robert Bayley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Multicultural School

As a result of large-scale migrations from the less developed to the more developed countries, the multilingual, multicultural school is becoming a reality, not only in cities with traditionally large immigrant populations such as New York, Los Angeles, and Toronto, but throughout North America and Western Europe. Indeed, the 1990 U.S. Census shows that one in every seven children between the ages of 5 and 17 comes from a home where a language other than English is spoken. These major demographic changes have left many teachers and other school personnel unprepared to deal with the new realities of the multilingual, multicultural classroom. Edwards' brief volume is directed to mainstream classroom teachers who, if current trends continue as expected, will spend much of their careers in even more linguistically and culturally diverse schools than exist currently. Edwards' intent is to counter widespread myths about second language learning and bilingualism, and to assist teachers maximizing the rich educational resource that the multicultural, multilingual school represents.

scholarly journals 214 Longitudinal Changes in Sleep Duration, Timing, Variability, and Stages during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Large-Scale Fitbit Data

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A86-A86
Author(s):  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Naghmeh Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Timing Variability

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in societal-level changes to sleep and other behavioral patterns. Objective, longitudinal data would allow for a greater understanding of sleep-related changes at the population level. Methods N= 163,524 deidentified active Fitbit users from 6 major US cities contributed data, representing areas particularly hard-hit by the pandemic (Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Miami). Sleep variables extracted include nightly and weekly mean sleep duration and bedtime, variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and bedtime, and estimated arousals and sleep stages. Deviation from similar timeframes in 2019 were examined. All analyses were performed in Python. Results These data detail how sleep duration and timing changed longitudinally, stratified by age group and gender, relative to previous years’ data. Overall, 2020 represented a significant departure for all age groups and both men and women (P<0.00001). Mean sleep duration increased in nearly all groups (P<0.00001) by 5-11 minutes, compared to a mean decrease of 5-8 minutes seen over the same period in 2019. Categorically, sleep duration increased for some and decreased for others, but more extended than restricted. Sleep phase shifted later for nearly all groups (p<0.00001). Categorically, bedtime was delayed for some and advanced for others, though more delayed than advanced. Duration and bedtime variability decreased, owing largely to decreased weekday-weekend differences. WASO increased, REM% increased, and Deep% decreased. Additional analyses show stratified, longitudinal changes to sleep duration and timing mean and variability distributions by month, as well as effect sizes and correlations to other outcomes. Conclusion The pandemic was associated with increased sleep duration on average, in contrast to 2019 when sleep decreased. The increase was most profound among younger adults, especially women. The youngest adults also experienced the greatest bedtime delay, in line with extensive school-start-times and chronotype data. When given the opportunity, the difference between weekdays and weekends became smaller, with occupational implications. Sleep staging data showed that slightly extending sleep minimally impacted deep sleep but resulted in a proportional increase in REM. Wakefulness during the night also increased, suggesting increased arousal despite greater sleep duration. Support (if any) This research was supported by Fitbit, Inc.

scholarly journals Bilingual education/bilingualism

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-157
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Language And Education

03—360 Adegbite, Wale (U. Ile-Ife Nigeria). Sequential bilingualism and the teaching of language skills to early primary school pupils in Nigeria. Glottodidactica (Poznán, Poland), 28 (2002), 5—17.03—361 Bennett-Kastor, Tina (Wichita State U., USA; Email: [email protected]). The ‘frog story’ narratives of Irish-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Cambridge, UK), 5, 2 (2002), 131—46.03—362 Driessen, Geert, van der Slik, Frans and De Bot, Kees (U. of Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Email: [email protected]). Home language and language proficiency: A large-scale longitudinal study in Dutch primary schools. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (Clevedon, UK), 23, 3 (2002), 175—94.03—363 Gérin-Lajoie, Diane (Ontario Inst. for Studies in Ed., U. of Toronto, Canada). L'approche ethnographique comme méthodologie de recherche dans l'examen du processus de construction identitaire. [Ethnographic approaches to research in examining the process of identity construction.] The Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes (Toronto, Ont.), 59, 1 (2002), 77—96.03—364 Haritos, Calliope (Hunter Coll. School of Ed., New York, USA; Email: [email protected]). A developmental examination of memory strategies in bilingual six, eight and ten year olds. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 5, 4 (2002), 197—220.03—365 Lambson, Dawn (1270 E. Campus Dr., Tempe, Arizona, USA; Email: [email protected]). The availability of Spanish heritage language materials in public and school libraries. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 5, 4 (2002), 233—43.03—366 Lee, Jin Sook (Rutgers U., New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Email: [email protected]). The Korean language in America: The role of cultural identity in heritage language learning. Language, Culture and Curriculum (Clevedon, UK), 15, 2 (2002), 117—33.03—367 Oh, Maria K. and Kukanauza, Jurate (State U. of New York at Buffalo, USA; Email: [email protected]). Bilingualism and biculturalism: A constructively marginalized new person between worlds. English Teaching (Korea), 57, 3 (2002), 101—23.03—368 Priven, Dmitri (Polycultural Immigrant & Community Services & Seneca Coll., Toronto, Canada; Email: [email protected]). The vanishing pronoun: A case study of language attrition in Russian. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics (Ottawa, Canada), 5, 1/2 (2002), 131—44.03—369 Schelletter, Christina (U. of Hertfordshire, UK; Email: [email protected]). The effect of form similarity on bilingual children's lexical development. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Cambridge, UK), 5, 2 (2002), 93—107.03—370 Shin, Sarah J. (U. of Maryland, USA; Email: [email protected]). Differentiating language contact phenomena: Evidence from Korean-English bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge, UK), 23, 3 (2002), 337—60.03—371 Spada, Nina (Ontario Inst. for Studies in Ed., U. of Toronto, Canada; Email: [email protected]) and Lightbown, Patsy M.. L1 and L2 in the education of Inuit children in Northern Quebec: Abilities and perceptions. Language and Education (Clevedon, UK), 16, 3 (2002), 212—40.03—372 Young, Catherine (PO Box 2270 CPO, 1099 Manila, Philippines; Email: [email protected]). First language first: Literacy education for the future in a multilingual Philippine society. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 5, 4 (2002), 221—32.

Fashion and Beauty in the Time of Asia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Paths

Fashion and Beauty in the Time of Asia centralizes fashion and beauty in the shaping of Asian modernities and the formation of the so-called Asian Century. The authors assembled here train our eyes on sites as far-flung and varied and yet as intimate and intimately connected as Guangzhou and Los Angeles, Saigon and Seoul, New York and Toronto, in order to map the transnational and transregional connections that have made new worlds and life paths possible. By connecting individual stories to large-scale circuits, this interdisciplinary anthology moves beyond common characterizations of Asians and Asian diasporic subjects as simply abject laborers or frenzied consumers of fashion and beauty. Instead, this collection analyzes what modern subjects look like, what they wear, how they work, move, eat, and shop, helping us to see the forms of modernity taking shape in Asia—the aspirations it expresses and the sensibilities it endorses—and the ways they inform our understanding of race, nation, and the global.

Large-scale school reform as viewed from the self-determination theory perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Deci
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Successful School

Successful school reform requires that administrators, teachers, and students internalize the value of improved teaching and learning and of the policies, structures, procedures, and behaviors implicit in the reform. This is most likely to happen when school personnel and students experience satisfaction of their basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness while planning and implementing the reform. When the components of a reform are relatively flexible rather than rigid and when the processes through which the reform is introduced and implemented are autonomy supportive, people will experience greater need satisfaction and will be more likely to internalize and endorse the reform. This article focuses on one approach to comprehensive school reform, namely, First Things First, and examines it in terms of self-determination theory principles.

Noguchi, Isamu (1904–1988)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Set Design ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Formative Experience ◽  
Constantin Brancusi

Searching for a redefinition of sculpture, Isamu Noguchi’s work slipped between object-making, industrial design, set design for theater and dance, public sculpture, and land art. Born in Los Angeles, Noguchi was raised in Japan by his American mother and remained estranged from his Japanese father. At age thirteen, he returned to America for schooling. Noguchi was a promising New York sculptor in the academic Western tradition before having what would be a formative experience working as assistant to the sculptor Constantin Brancusi in Paris in 1927. It was from Brancusi that Noguchi gained his first understanding of the nature of abstraction as a means of distilling essences. In New York in the 1940s, Noguchi created a series of delicate sculptures in slate and marble (including Kouros 1944–1945) that stood under the architectural tension of their interlocking elements. Despite growing notoriety, in 1949 Noguchi embarked on a two-year excursion throughout Western Europe, India, and Southeast Asia to observe how societies related to secular and ceremonial spaces like temples, plazas, and marketplaces. His observations formed the basis for his collaborations with architects on public spaces from the 1950s onward, which recast sculpture in experiential terms.

Community Architect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Modern Age

This biography of Clarence Samuel Stein comprehensively examines his built and unbuilt projects and his intellectual legacy as a proponent of the “Garden City” for a modern age. This examination of Stein's life and legacy focuses on four critical themes: his collaborative ethic in envisioning policy, design, and development solutions; promotion and implementation of “investment housing;” his revolutionary approach to community design, as epitomized in the Radburn Idea; and his advocacy of communitarian regionalism. His cutting-edge projects such as Sunnyside Gardens in New York City; Baldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles; and Radburn, New Jersey, his “town for the motor age,” continue to inspire community designers and planners in the United States and around the world. Stein was among the first architects to integrate new design solutions and support facilities into large-scale projects intended primarily to house working-class people, and he was a cofounder of the Regional Planning Association of America. As a planner, designer, and, at times, financier of new housing developments, Stein wrestled with the challenges of creating what today we would term “livable,” “walkable,” and “green” communities during the ascendency of the automobile. He managed these challenges by partnering private capital with government funding, as well as by collaborating with colleagues in planning, architecture, real estate, and politics.

Liquidity Swaps between Central Banks, the IMF, and the Evolution of the International Financial Architecture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Bourgeon ◽  
Jérôme Sgard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Lender Of Last Resort ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Imf

The 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York, then the 2008 crisis and the euro crisis have seen a major monetary innovation in the form of large-scale exchanges of liquidity swaps between core central banks. For instance, the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank exchanged for a few days or weeks equivalent amounts of their respective currencies, so that the ECB could lend dollars to eurozone commercial banks, and vice versa. At maturity, the swaps were either extended over time or reimbursed. This utterly simple operation thus allows central banks to act collectively as a Fed-led, network-based international lender of last resort. A significant corollary is that the action of the IMF, which used to be the main international crisis manager, now extends only to the developing countries and the (smaller) emerging countries. Conditionality, with its strongly asymmetric dimension, is limited to this latter group, while unconditional swaps are now the key liquidity channel for supporting the rich and powerful countries.

scholarly journals Organic agricultural products in Europe and USA

Management ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Skrodzka
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Us ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Food Market ◽  
American Consumer

Summary In the most developed countries of Western Europe and North America, the share of organic farming in the food market is between 2% and 6%. The share of organic products on the Polish food market is only 0.33% (Dryjańska E. 2017). The aim of this article is to compare organic agricultural products in the US and EU. The scope of the comparison was covered by the legal regulations for organic production in the mentioned regions and the availability of organic products for customers. In order to highlight differences between the organic product and their traditional counterpart, selected meta-analyzes were conducted by authors in the field of medical and natural sciences. The possibilities of buying organic products are described on the basis of personal experiences of the author as a consumer. The offer of organic products was analyzed on the example of one European country (Poland) and the example of several states of America (Colorado, Virginia, New York). The rules for producing organic food in the US are more rigorous than in the EU. The offer of organic and conventional food targeted to the American consumer is comparable. Although Polish consumers have a positive perception of organic food, its supply is significantly different from the US market. The main differences are in distribution channels, product range, price and visual design of organic products.

Foreign language learning and teaching in Germany: A review of empirical research literature from 2005 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Finkbeiner ◽  
Agnes Madeleine Olson ◽  
Jennifer Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning And Teaching

This article reviews the empirical research literature on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching published between 2005 and 2010 in Germany. It focuses on the empirical studies that have attracted the greatest interest among researchers during this period of time. These include research on educational standards, teacher education, early FL learning, content and language integrated learning, motivation and interest, intercultural learning, literacy, learning strategies and cooperative and computer-assisted language learning. The review reveals rich and diverse research studies in the field of FL teaching and learning. As a relatively young discipline without a longstanding research tradition, this field overlaps in its research interests and methods with other research fields such as educational psychology, linguistics and the educational sciences. The review also shows that the research into FL teaching and learning is to a large degree dominated by small rather than large-scale projects and is characterized by its largely practical relevance. The review ends with recommendations for future research as a conditio sine qua non for further development in the field.

scholarly journals A Review of Standardised Assessment Development Procedure and Algorithms for Computer Adaptive Testing: Applications and Relevance for Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jumoke I Oladele ◽  
Mdutshekelwa Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adaptive Testing ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Computer Adaptive Testing ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Item Development ◽  
Educational Assessments

Teaching and learning have gone online in response to the pandemic, which reveals the need for accurately tailored educational assessments to ascertain the extent to which learning outcomes or objectives are achieved. Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) is a technology-driven form of assessment that tailors items to a candidate's ability level with empirically proven benefits over the fixed-form computer based test. A systematic review was employed which shows that item bank is a key requirement for CAT and the items must through a rigorous item development process to ensure and maintain quality in terms of content, criterion constructs and internal consistency, determining the psychometric validation of behavioural measures while leveraging on variances of Item Response Theory (IRT). Following the item development stage is the need to compile validated items into administrable forms using advanced computer software for automatic test assembly and administration, such as FastTest which allows specifying empirically tried algorithms for CAT from start to termination of the test. This helps to ensure that assessment properly leverages the advantages that CAT holds. Furthermore, the review revealed that CAT has been widely applied with large-scale testing in various fields by educational, health and psychological professionals utilising different IRT models; however only in developed countries. This brings to bear the need for adoption in other parts of the world, for improvements in educational assessments. The interjections of 4IR with AI considering emerging technology aids the CAT algorithm for achieving expert and knowledge-based systems, being a requirement for survival in today’s world.

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