CHANGES OVER TIME IN GLOBAL FOREIGN ACCENT AND LIQUID IDENTIFIABILITY AND ACCURACY

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Riney ◽  
James E. Flege
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Native English Speaking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This study assessed global foreign accent in sentences and the production of two English consonants, /[upside-down r]/ and /l/, by 11 Japanese college students during their freshman and senior years (T1, T2). In Experiment 1, native English-speaking listeners rated five sentences spoken by the Japanese speakers and five native English control speakers. Experiments 2 and 3 examined 25 word onsets containing /[upside-down r]/ and /l/. Auditory evaluations by native English-speaking listeners were used to determine: (a) to what extent the consonants produced could be identified as intended at T1 and T2; and (b) whether /[upside-down r]/ and /l/ were produced more accurately at T2 than at T1. The results provided little support for a markedness hypothesis based on statistical frequencies and mixed support for a hypothesis based on perception studies. Some speakers made significant improvement, however, in both global foreign accent and liquid identifiability and accuracy.

scholarly journals Rankings Season is Here

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Altbach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The major international rankings of higher education have appeared in recent months. The ranking is an inevitable result of the massification and commercialization of higher education worldwide. Ranking presumes a zero-sum game, but in reality, improvement is taking place everywhere. The current rankings are largely measured by research productivity, and they are advantageous for major English-speaking countries. Each ranking use different measures, and also changes over time. The user must be aware of the uses and problems of rankings.

Identities and beliefs across time and space

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Chit Cheung Matthew Sung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Learning Trajectories ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper presents a case study of a Hong Kong university student’s experiences of learning English as a second language (L2) over a four-year period, with particular attention to the changes in her identities and beliefs across time and space. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the study revealed that the student’s L2 identities appeared to be shaped by specific contextual conditions and agentic choices made by the student in response to different contexts, including consultation sessions with native English-speaking tutors, study abroad in the U.S., interactions with non-native English-speaking peers, and classroom interactions. It was also found that her L2 identities and beliefs not only varied over time in a complex and dynamic manner, but also appeared to be closely interconnected and interacted with each other in a reciprocal and bi-directional manner. The case study points to the need to pay more attention to the complex and dynamic interrelationship between identity and belief in L2 learning trajectories.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Idea Inventory

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norris D. Vestre
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The Idea Inventory proposed as a measure of irrational thinking as defined by rational-emotive theory, was administered to two independent samples of college students on two occasions. Sample 1 ( n = 135) provided a test-retest interval of 4 wk.; Sample 2 ( n = 114), an interval of 4 to 6 wk. Indices of temporal stability, test-retest reliability coefficients (product-moment) and group changes over time, indicated satisfactory reliability for the Idea Inventory.

scholarly journals Contemporary linguistics of English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Fahreta Fijuljanin ◽  
Samina Dazdarević ◽  
Amela Lukač-Zoranić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Future ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The paper examines the influence of modern linguistics and the consequences of language reflection on both English language and global philology. A comparative analysis of preferences and lacks of traditional and modern linguistics represent a common view of the progress and the needs of the language. The paper aims to highlight several recent studies of modern linguists in the field of English linguistics such as Chomsky, Sapir, Halliday and Bloomfield as the representative of English speaking grammarians. Modern linguistics, as a set of different variations, raises the question of how and why language changes over time. It possibly may represent the basis for research on contemporary linguistics as a turning point for language change in the future, as well as the impact of society on language, change and universals.

Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

Neuropsychological Symptoms in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Changes Over Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Olff ◽  
Mirjam Nijdam ◽  
Kristin Samuelson ◽  
Julia Golier ◽  
Mariel Meewisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Symptoms ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time
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