Communicative functions of parents’ child-directed speech across dyadic and triadic contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Angana NANDY ◽  
Elizabeth NIXON ◽  
Jean QUIGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Parental Gender ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Structured Play

Abstract This study examined the roles of parental gender and context in the communicative functions of parents’ child-directed speech. Seventy three families with toddlers participated in the study. Dyadic and triadic parent-toddler interactions were videotaped during structured play activities. Results indicated context-dependent variability in parents’ facilitative speech and gentle guidance. Parental gender effects were observed in parents’ directive speech but no gender or contextual effects were observed in parents’ referential speech. Results suggest the need for a closer examination of parental gender and contextual factors related to parents’ speech functions.

“Imitar col canto chi parla”: Monteverdi and the Creation of a Language for Musical Theater

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Calcagno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Context Dependent

Abstract Conventional views of text/music relationships in early Italian opera focus on the imitation of affections. But by dealing exclusively with the referential meanings of texts (e.g., emotions, images, and concepts) these views overlook an important aspect of music's interaction with language. In opera, music also imitates language's contextual and communicative functions—i.e., discourse, as studied today by the subfield of linguistics called pragmatics. In his operas Monteverdi fully realized Peri's ideal of “imitating in song a person speaking” (“imitar col canto chi parla”) by musically emphasizing those context-dependent meanings that emerge especially in ordinary language and that are prominent in dramatic texts, as opposed to poetry and prose. Such meanings are manifest whenever words such as “I,” “here,” and “now” appear— words called “deictics”—with the function of situating the speaker/singer's utterances in a specific time and place. Monteverdi highlights deictics through melodic and rhythmic emphases, repetition, shifts of meter, style, and harmony, as part of a strategy to create a musical language suited to opera as a genre and to singers as actors. In Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea, this strategy serves large-scale dramaturgical aims with respect to the relationships among space, time, and character identity, highlighting issues also discussed within the contemporary intellectual context.

scholarly journals Experiential Meaning Breadth Variations of the English-Bahasa Indonesia Alice in Wonderland Movie Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Satya Perdana ◽  
Syarief Fajaruddin ◽  
Godlove Elioth Kiswaga ◽  
Ardi Ariyanto ◽  
Ariesty Fujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Alice In Wonderland ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Experiential Meaning

Research on experiential meaning breadth of bilingual analysis is rarely performed. The research aims at describing (1) the experiential meaning breadth variations of Alice in Wonderland English- Bahasa Indonesia movie texts, (2) the contextual factors that motivate the occurrence of meaning and realization variations, and (3) the contextual effects of the meaning and realization variations in question on the context in reference to the target readers of the texts. The research used descriptive qualitative approach to make the interpretation and the research findings. The data were taken from Alice in Wonderland (2010) movie texts then measured and validated in terms of quantitative research then analyzed through several steps: classifying the data into realized and unrealized expressions, classifying the data into the categories or degrees of variations, classifying the higher degree of each clause compared, giving number of clauses and their process type, contrasting each analysis result, and drawing conclusions. Research results indicate that the most prominent degree of experiential meaning breadth variations falls into the “lowest” category of variation with 57.54%. This means that the Target Text is closely related to the Source Text and/ or the translator of Target Text applied source- based translation as regards experiential meaning breadth complexity. It is also strengthened by the average degree in each of the analysis falling in “very low” category. The contextual factors that motivate the occurrence of the variations consist of inter- textual and situational context (field, mode, and tenor). The contextual effects in reference to the target readers are related to two aspects; the readability and the purpose of creating the texts. The Target Text is readable for the target readers of the text, target readers feel entertained by interpreting the text. The purpose for creating the Target Texts is for education and gives effects for the target readers to enrich their vocabularies and improve their English skills.

Grammatical choices of ditransitive patterns in academic articles

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-340
Author(s):  
Sabiha Choura
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Knowledge Accumulation ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Prepositional Object

Abstract Texts are products of systemic functional choices determined by contextual factors . To analyze how the context affects writers’ lexico-grammatical choices, this paper attempts to study ditransitive patterns in the research article genre across medical science and sociology, a choice explained by the gap in the literature of genre analysis of ditransitivity. To this end, ditransitive patterns are quantified in a corpus of 245 academic articles from medical science and sociology published in 2011. The analysis shows that the object–prepositional object pattern dominates both disciplines, which can be explained by its being a compactness device enabling writers to observe the communicative functions of the research article genre. Across the two disciplines, the higher frequency of clausal patterns in sociology than medical science reveals the explicitness and persuasiveness of writers in sociology, which may be attributed to the different research methods, and the nature of knowledge accumulation in each discipline. These findings lead to the conclusion that the choices of ditransitive patterns are determined by the generic features of the research article genre and disciplinary specificities, though they are also influenced by the different research topics across disciplines and the category-selectional properties of ditransitives.

scholarly journals The Realization of Directive Speech Act by Da’i on Dialogic Da’wah in Kota Surakarta: A Socio-Pragmatic Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Miftah Nugroho ◽  
Dwi Purnanto ◽  
Sri Samiati Tarjana
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Pragmatic Study ◽  
Islamic Organizations

This article aims at explaining the directive speech acts realization on Q&A sessions of a dialogic situated communication. The directive speech requires a communicative counterpart (to do something as the speaker’s wishes) by his/her words. Under the Sociopragmatic is the crossdisciple study between the pragmatic and sociological disciplines. The data were obtained by applying methods of observation and recording. The data source of this study took the Islamic liturgical dialogues dakwah held by both Islamic organizations and Islamic sermons held at schools, homes, or mosques. The result shows that, in terms of the communicative functions, the directive speech acts were realized from the acts of suggesting, and warning, a da’i or preachers are adhering to the principle of harmony as reflected from their commitment towards the observed maxims of kurmat, andhap asor and the tepa slilra.

The effectiveness of effectuation: a meta-analysis on contextual factors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Chen ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
Qingxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Context Dependent

PurposeEmpirical data on the impacts of entrepreneurial effectuation on firm performance are scattered and controversial. This study conducts a meta-analysis to obtain evidence on whether and under what conditions effectuation is valuable. A contextual framework is proposed that highlights the boundary condition of the performance impact of effectuation.Design/methodology/approachBoth the traditional approach of meta-analysis and advanced techniques of Bayesian meta-analytic tests are used to combine numerous studies from varied research contexts.FindingsMeta-analytic results show that effectuation generally has a positive impact on firm performance, and is context-dependent, leading to stronger performance for older firms and firms in high-tech industries and emerging countries.Originality/valueThe findings provide important implications for entrepreneurs who are considering applying effectuation. This study highlights that effectuation is context-dependent and the performance implications of effectuation are contingent on contextual factors at organizational, industrial and institutional levels. This study extends the contextual understanding of the effectuation–performance relationship.

scholarly journals Placebo response and effect in randomized clinical trials: meta-research with focus on contextual effects

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurlaug H. Hafliðadóttir ◽  
Carsten B. Juhl ◽  
Sabrina M. Nielsen ◽  
Marius Henriksen ◽  
Ian A. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Contextual effects (i.e., placebo response) refer to all health changes resulting from administering an apparently inactive treatment. In a randomized clinical trial (RCT), the overall treatment effect (i.e., the post-treatment effect in the intervention group) can be regarded as the true effect of the intervention plus the impact of contextual effects. This meta-research was conducted to examine the average proportion of the overall treatment effect attributable to contextual effects in RCTs across clinical conditions and treatments and explore whether it varies with trial contextual factors. Methods Data was extracted from trials included in the main meta-analysis from the latest update of the Cochrane review on “Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions” (searched from 1966 to March 2008). Only RCTs reported in English having an experimental intervention group, a placebo comparator group, and a no-treatment control group were eligible. Results In total, 186 trials (16,655 patients) were included. On average, 54% (0.54, 95%CI 0.46 to 0.64) of the overall treatment effect was attributable to contextual effects. The contextual effects were higher for trials with blinded outcome assessor and concealed allocation. The contextual effects appeared to increase proportional to the placebo effect, lower mean age, and proportion of females. Conclusion Approximately half of the overall treatment effect in RCTs seems attributable to contextual effects rather than to the specific effect of treatments. As the study did not include all important contextual factors (e.g., patient-provider interaction), the true proportion of contextual effects could differ from the study’s results. However, contextual effects should be considered when assessing treatment effects in clinical practice. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42019130257. Registered on April 19, 2019.

Contextual factors in the generation of express and regular saccades

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-689
Author(s):  
Martin Jüttner
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Catch Trial ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Express Saccade ◽  
Walker’S Model ◽  
Gap Paradigm

Experiments using a modified gap paradigm, where regular trials are intermingled with catch trials (trials without saccade target), demonstrate that the relative frequency of express versus regular saccades distinctly depends on catch trial frequency. More specifically, it has been shown that the probability of an express saccade depends stochastically on the type of the preceding trial, that is, on the sequence of stimuli. We discuss whether such contextual effects can be accommodated within the framework of Findlay & Walker's model.

The Effect of Attention on Context Dependent Synesthetic Experiences

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher David Blair ◽  
Gideon Paul Caplovitz
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Context Dependent

Here we report the results of a brief experiment investigating the role of attention in mediating contextual effects on synesthetic experiences. Specifically, we examine a grapheme–color synesthete for whom the grapheme letter ‘O’ and number ‘0’ are associated with two very different colors. We presented the grapheme ‘0’ in an array of graphemes that provided ambiguous contextual cues, such that the same grapheme could be perceived either as the number ‘0’ or as the letter ‘O’. We find that an attentional cue that draws attention to one or the other of the contexts biases the perceived synesthetic color of the ‘0’ grapheme to that associated with the cued context. This is true even when the physical color of the grapheme corresponds to the un-cued context.

scholarly journals Contextual Effects of Redistricting on Old and New Voters: Sometimes Newcomer Ignorance Can Mean Electoral Bliss for the Incumbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Richard Born
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Campaign Spending ◽  
District Level ◽  
Process Information

            Research directed at the effects of congressional redistricting on individual voters mainly has centered on transplanted constituents’ lesser tendency relative to that of retained constituents to back the incumbent. Differences in the impacts that district-level (i.e., contextual) factors have on the two types of voters, however, have been slighted. In this study, we find that campaign spending affects transplanted and retained voters commensurately, but that the effects of district partisan homogeneity in raising the odds of a pro-incumbent vote and of member ideological extremity in decreasing these odds are only exerted on retained constituents. The explanation seems to be that information conveyed by candidate spending, which only emerges over the duration of the campaign, is equally accessible to new and old constituents alike, whereas old constituents have had longer opportunity to process information about district partisanship and incumbent ideology. From the reelection perspective of incumbents who represent districts with unfriendly partisanship or who have extreme ideology, the non-responsiveness of new constituents to these latter two contextual factors is therefore an electoral asset, implying that such members, contrary to the congressional norm, should favor large-scale transfusions of new constituents at redistricting time.

scholarly journals Changing landscapes: Responding to domestic violence in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Crichton- Hill
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Work ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Context Dependent

Domestic violence is not a recent phenomenon; rather it is one which has endured. To understand professional social work responses to domestic violence it is necessary to examine theories of causation since these inform ideas about intervention. How social work responds to domestic violence is context dependent. This article examines the causal explanations and contextual factors that have shaped New Zealand’s social work response to domestic violence. Suggestions are made for maximising a multifaceted, anti-discriminatory approach to practice. 

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