Affirmation of the Social Approach in the Case of Relocation of Community in Ciliwung Riverbank

Urban development projects often lead to social contraction between the technical-physical approach and the socio-cultural approach. To explain the problem, this paper inspires the concepts of urban anthropology and socio-cultural development. The study was conducted in 2016-2017 in community located in Ciliwung riverbank, Jakarta. The methods used include in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The results of the study show that although river normalization projects and relocation projects have been equipped with a policy framework and technical framework that accommodates the interests of the community, the implementation of the social approach has not been implemented consistently. This condition raises doubts, rejections, and resistance from the community to maintain the social, economic and environmental resources that have been ruled on the riverbanks. This research confirms the importance of affirming socio-cultural approaches in urban development programs and projects that are carried out consistently by fulfilling the prerequisites for freedom in time, financing, and management resources.

Vulnerability Analysis of Small Fishermen’s Household Livelihoods in Tegal City

Small fishermen are known for being very dependent on fluctuating fish resources and the nature of open access fisheries which together cause resource degradation, poverty and marginalization. The problems of small-scale fisheries include low economic performance and limited ability or expertise in facing global pressure, including climate change. Based on the problems faced by small fishermen as described, it is certainly a separate danger on the fishermen's livelihood system which causes the livelihoods of small fishermen to be more vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of the livelihoods of small fishermen’s households. This research used quantitative methods supported by qualitative data. The study was conducted in Muarareja Sub-Districts, Tegal City, Central Java. This study was conducted using a livelihood vulnerability index questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Data was collected from forty respondents. This study found the fact that small scale fishermen both top and bottom layer in Muarareja village in which this study was conducted was not too vulnerable (resilient). However, they have a fairly good adaptive capacity with the use of capacity by using the livelihood capital optimally upper layer fishermen tend to use physical and financial capital to carry out exploitation and spatial strategies. On the other hand, the lower layers of fishermen mostly use their social capital such as affiliation with groups, high trust and patron-client systems based on moral economy.

Dynamics of Change in Customary Actor Authority After Determining the Status of Indigenous Villages in Siak Regency

This study discusses the status of adat which has the power of formal law which gradually impacts on the addition and strengthening of political rights of traditional leaders. This phenomenon occurs in the Sakai Minas Traditional Village, Siak Regency. The community of the traditional village made a rule that the chief (Village Chief) must come from ethnic Sakai or who have blood ties with the Sakai community. On the other hand, there is a dichotomy of the political rights of people outside of Sakai Ethnicity. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the authority of indigenous actors in Kabupaten Siak. This study uses a qualitative method. Analysis of data using emik based on the results of in-depth interviews and related documents. The results of the study showed that after the establishment of Sakai Minas Traditional Village status, customary actors experienced formal political authority (de jure) strengthening compared to before the establishment of traditional village status. Strengthening this authority comes from the interpretation of the Perda Kabupaten Siak No. 2 of 2015 concerning the Establishment of Traditional Villages.

Capitalism and Corporate in Lampung Local Politics

State and company / corporation in the context of governance are two of the three fundamental pillars of democratic development in addition to the market . The relation of both, in the context of Lampung's local politics is object to study, in particular the company /SGC. This research was conducted in May 2014. The study used a qualitative research type, which saw most of the intrinsic social life, with in-depth interviews with personalities and selected informants. The approach used in this study is the approach of critical social science (CSS), which saw social science as a process of critical inquiry phenomenon. The results showed that in Lampung local election at 2014 ago, there were strong relations between the corporation / company in the case of the Sugar Group Company (SGC) in the Lampung Governor candidates. SGC is serving as a source of funding for the campaign of the election for the last governor election in 2014. SGC does it as a way of business development.

Tenure Conflicts Resolution Of Colol Custom Community In Ruteng Recreation Park, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Determination of the Ruteng Recreation Nature Park had caused conflicts over tenure for Colol custom community have been in and around the area since before the establishment. Conflict was due for access to agricultural land use and timber had closed by the management. The conflict resolution involves three elements, namely the government, customs and religion which are called the three pillars. This study aims to understand the stages of the tenure conflict, relevant stakeholders and the conflict resolution. The study was conducted Colol village in April to May 2016. Acquisition of data using observation, in-depth interviews with a purposive and snowball and secondary data. Analysis of data using conflict tree analysis, stakeholders and mapping conflicts. The results showed that the cause of the conflict is the difference in value systems that implicates disagreement land status and boundaries as well as the uncertainty of access due to rights issues and access. Conflict resolution is required is to build trust between the parties, improve communication to reduce the differences in perception, increased involvement of indigenous peoples in the management of Ruteng Recreation Park, reconstruction of recreation park boundaries involving the parties, especially the major stakeholders and optimizing the coordination and communication between the parties.Colol Custom Community determine their traditional territory option to pull out of the Ruteng Recreation Park.

The Malangese Mask Wayang:The Process of Art Commodification at Asmorobangun Art Center, Pakisaji, Malang

The article aims to describe the process of commodification of the Malangese Mask Wayang Art at Asmorobangun Art Center, Pakisaji Sub-district, Malang, Indonesia. Asmorobangun Art Center is one of the surviving art centers engaged in the efforts to preserve and develop the Malangese mask wayang art. The data used in this qualitative study were collected by means of interview, observation, and examination of relevant documents. The results show that the process of commodification of the Malangese mask wayang art manifests in three practices namely the gebyak senin-legian mask wayang performances, art tourism packaging, and mask production. Commodification has transformed the art into commodities/products that are part of the local tourism industry.

Local Wisdom as a Social Security Instrument for the Poor in North Maluku, Indonesia

The studies of cultural revitalization, local wisdom, and social security are often separated and seems unconneted. This article aims at connecting these domains through ethnographic research and document analysis of the phenomena in revitalization of local wisdom called bari to strengthen the social security of the poor in North Maluku. Revitalization activies like raising funds from public not from government budget to build hundreds of decent housing for the poor is interesting issue to study. The three main concerns of this article are socio-cultural factors that encourage the birth of this movement, the activities and achievements of these revitalization movements, and the typical characteristics of local wisdom as a result of revitalization that distinguishes it from its original form. The findings presented in this article can contribute to academic discourse in the domains of local wisdom, cultural revitalization, and social security. The more important of this finding is to construct arguments about the existence of a bridge between local wisdom, revitalization, and social security.

Structural and Cultural Aspects as the Potentials in the Development of Alternative Education for Fishermen Community

Fisherman community is a community that is generally vulnerable to poverty and underdeveloped education. However, this phenomenon is not found in the Banyutowo village fishermen community because they already have a view to improve their standard of living through education. However, the prioritized education is a formal education that has not been based on the values of local wisdom that they have so that educated people tend not to return to their villages. This study aims to determine the potentials of Banyutowo village that can support the development of alternative education based on local wisdom of the fishermen community. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods namely observation, in-depth interview and FGD. Data validity uses source and method triangulation. The results show that: (1) The potentials of the Banyutowo village fishermen community in supporting the development of alternative education include structural and cultural aspects (2) Structural aspect is in the form of educational institutions managed by Christian and Muslim communities and local leadership figures who are able to make the villagers move forward (3) Cultural aspect is in the form of futuristic cultural values orientation, high motivation for achievement, and religious values that support them to become quality individuals.

Ethnic Cleavages: The Descendant and Clan Sentiment on Local Executive Election in North Tapanuli, North Sumatera Province

The foundation of this study is political anthropology to see the phenomenon of ethnicity in local politics in the era of democratic decentralization. The study focused on ethnic cleavages in the form of strengthening social units that appear through descendant and clan sentiments at the moment of the Pemilukada (Local Executive Election). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon of ethnic cleavages which highlights descendant and clan sentiments in four districts in north of Tapanuli in the Pemilukada. Local politics at the time of democratic decentralization was not only used to expand the four cultural areas, namely Silindung, Humbang, Toba and Samosir, but also strengthen descent and clan sentiments in the Pemilukada. Although, the population in these four regions is a Toba ethnic group, its members destabilize and negate each other. This phenomenon originated from the domination of Silindung from the colonial era to the Reformation. Through Pemilukada, the descent and clan sentiments are used to blockade other candidates as well as mobilize selecting candidates from similar groups and clans. The promise of Pemilukada is channeled through a monopoly to fill government positions from one lineage group and clan. The approach of this problem is used Dunning and Harrison's theory about Cross-Cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting. The data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with subjects, namely descendants and clans in four districts in north of Tapanuli. The results of the study show that: (i) ethnic cleavages occur because of the utilization and mobilization of social units namely descent and clan groups in the moment of Pemilukada, (ii) the strengthening of descent and clan group sentiments in Pemilukada is the impact of competition and contestation which are packaged as political capital for gained power, and (ii) political actors redefined ethnicity as 'Orang Toba' to smaller identities namely descendants and clans in each cultural region. The Toba ethnic groups are more loyal to their descendants and clan identities than their identities as 'Orang Toba'. Although the political analysis of the flow was considered less relevant as a result of the strengthening of the issue of interest in the Pemilukada, but the strengthening of division in ethnicity became a strong indication of ethnic cleavages and the game of primordialism during the Pemilukada.

Evaluation of the National Urban Community Empowerment Program

The main problem in this study is the low level of community participation in the implementation of National Urban Community Empowerment Program (NUCEP) in Grobogan Regency. This can be seen from the lack of community involvement in the entire process of the activity stage. The purpose of this study was to find out how the level of community participation in the implementation of NUCEP in Grobogan Regency. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data analysis used qualitative and tirangulasi data analysis techniques. The evaluation model used is the Context, Input, Process and Product. The evaluation results show that the implementation of NUCEP is good, the context of the implementation of NUCEP is good, the input of NUCEP is good, but the available funds are insufficient to meet community needs; the implementation process went well, at the stage of preparation for less community participation especially in the FGD on Reflections on Poverty and the Preparation of Medium-Term Planning for Poverty Reduction Programs; then the implementation of the activities went well and the products of the NUCEP activities in the form of physical activities benefited the community. Based on the evaluation results it is recommended that, the effectiveness of NUCEP needs to be increased, the NUCEP District apparatus must be more democratic and participatory in the implementation of planned programs. Community involvement must always be encouraged in all processes and stages of activities, starting from planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and in the preparation of reporting for each activity.