Punishing Corrupt Officials in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 595-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Severe Punishment ◽  
The One ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Party State

AbstractChina presents a mixed picture in terms of its anti-corruption efforts. On the one hand, rampant corruption remains a huge challenge for the party-state because it not only results in the loss of state assets but also damages the legitimacy of the regime. On the other hand, China's record of curbing corruption is not particularly worse than other comparable countries. This paper explains the reasons behind this mixed picture by focusing on the anti-corruption strategy employed by the central Party authorities. Effective anti-corruption measures are determined by the high probability of detecting corrupt agents and the meting out of effective and warranted punishment. In China, the central government is unable or unwilling to investigate a large number of officials, especially high-ranking officials. However, at the same time, it must impose severe punishment on convicted high-ranking officials. Although this mode of selective discipline compromises the credibility of the state in terms of anti-corruption efficacy, it also creates uncertainty for corrupt agents because corrupt officials are not guaranteed exemption.

scholarly journals Macintyre on identity of ethics and politics

2006 ◽  
pp. 29-56
Author(s):  
Michal Sládecek
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethics And Politics

In first chapters of this article MacIntyre?s view of ethics is analyzed, together with his critics of liberalism as philosophical and political theory, as well as dominant ideological conception. In last chapters MacIntyre?s view of the relation between politics and ethics is considered, along with the critical review of his theoretical positions. Macintyre?s conception is regarded on the one hand as very broad, because the entire morality is identified with ethical life, while on the other hand it is regarded as too narrow since it excludes certain essential aspects of deliberation which refers to the sphere of individual rights, the relations between communities, as well as distribution of goods within the state.

scholarly journals AUTENTISITAS SUMBER SEJARAH PANCASILA DALAM MASA SIDANG PERTAMA BADAN UNTUK MENYELIDIKI USAHA-USAHA PERSIAPAN KEMERDEKAAN TANGGAL 29 MEI-1 JUNI 1945

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Hardinanto
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

<em>This article seeks to compares different ideas concerning Indonesian statehood as put forth by our founding father in sessions of the Dokuritsu Zyunbi Tyosa Kai (Investigating Body for Preparing Indonesia's Independence). The author notes that there is doubt as of the authenticity of documents recording the debates and the speeches made during meetings held by this body (28 may-1 June 1945 &amp; 10 July-17 July 1945).  On one side, there is the preparatory documents of the 1945 Constitution as issued by Muhammad Yamin and which is regarded by the State Secretariat as the one and only authentic source (from 1959-1992).  On the other hand, notes collected by Pringgodigdo and Yamin was latter used as the basis for the publication of the Body’s minutes of meetings in 1995.  The author observes that both collections (Yamin and Pringodidgo) differs in its exposure of ideas on the Indonesian statehood put forth during the Body’s meetings.</em>

scholarly journals VIABILITY OF THE CREATION OF A UNIVERSITY INCUBATOR WITH A VIEW TO BENEFIT THE RURAL AND INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF THE STATE OF QUERÉTARO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Jorge Arturo Velázquez Hernández ◽  
Jorge Adán Romero Zepeda ◽  
Rosalía Alonso Chombo ◽  
Epigmenio Muñoz Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Nature

The objective of this work is to analyze the feasibility of creating a university incubator (INCUERUAQ) aimed at benefiting the rural and indigenous population of the state of Querétaro. On the one hand, INCUERUAQ would represent the propitious scenario so that current students and those who are graduating, have the necessary spaces in order to face and solve problems of a technical and economic nature that may exist in their communities, always counting on the guidance of its professors and, on the other hand, the Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ) would establish a permanent link with rural and indigenous communities, providing them with continuous advice in areas such as legal, administrative, marketing, etc., providing for this, the necessary infrastructure that allows them to carry out their ventures successfully, facilitating, among other things, training to access the various sources of financing, when required. The methodology with which it is intended to work is participatory research, whose initiation will be marked by a diagnosis that helps to visualize how feasible this project would be, it would also allow to devise the best incubator model to implement, in such a way that they can be carried out in practice the pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation periods. This article aims to reflect an advance of the initial stage of the link, the diagnosis.

scholarly journals When Do Envy-Free Allocations Exist?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2109-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasin Manurangsi ◽  
Warut Suksompong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Fair Division ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Additive Utilities ◽  
The One

We consider a fair division setting in which m indivisible items are to be allocated among n agents, where the agents have additive utilities and the agents’ utilities for individual items are independently sampled from a distribution. Previous work has shown that an envy-free allocation is likely to exist when m = Ω (n log n) but not when m = n + o (n), and left open the question of determining where the phase transition from non-existence to existence occurs. We show that, surprisingly, there is in fact no universal point of transition— instead, the transition is governed by the divisibility relation between m and n. On the one hand, if m is divisible by n, an envy-free allocation exists with high probability as long as m ≥ 2n. On the other hand, if m is not “almost” divisible by , an envy-free allocation is unlikely to exist even when m = Θ(n log n)/log log n).

scholarly journals On be...ing political: Empat model identitas ramah-gereja di bawah bayang-bayang kanopi suci kebangsaan

Kurios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Joas Adiprasetya
Keyword(s):  
Social Ethics ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Stanley Hauerwas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Sacred Canopy ◽  
The Church

This article discusses the idea of a hospitable church that struggles under the sacred canopy of the state, especially in the Indonesian context. By using Stanley Hauerwas’ social ethics and ecclesiology that views the church as an exemplary community, this article proposes an ecclesial model that maintains the tension of being true to its nature on the one hand and being political on the other hand. Such a model is demonstrated through its four dimensions: beholding, becoming, belonging, and befriending. The paper ends with a conclusion, in which the author reflects on the four dimensions by using the perspective of the four classical marks of the church (notae ecclesiae). AbstrakArtikel ini membahas gagasan mengenai gereja dengan identitas-ramah yang berjuang di bawah kanopi suci negara, khususnya dalam konteks Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan etika sosial dan eklesiologi Stanley Hauerwas, yang memandang gereja sebagai komunitas eksemplaris, artikel ini mengusul-kan model gerejawi yang mempertahankan ketegangan antara menjadi setia pada hakikatnya di satu sisi dan menjadi politis di sisi lain. Model semacam itu ditunjukkan melalui empat dimensinya: beholding, becoming, belonging, dan befriending. Makalah diakhiri dengan kesimpulan yang di dalamnya penulis merefleksikan empat dimensi di atas dengan menggunakan perspektif empat tanda klasik gereja (notae ecclesiae).

scholarly journals Conversion of the population of Gora and Opolje to Islam, according to the ottoman cadastral registers

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Tatjana Katic
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The Islamisation of the population of two neighbouring regions south of Prizren, Gora and Opolje, occurred in varying degrees during the centuries-long rule of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. In Gora, inhabited by the Slavic population, it was extremely slow, while in Opolje, inhabited by the Albanians, it was incomparably more intensive. This paper aims to elucidate, based on the analysis of the Ottoman 15th and 16th century cadastral registers, the factors that affected the rate of conversion to Islam among the inhabitants of these two former Serbian medieval counties (zupas), later Ottoman nahiyes. Among the most important are the highly developed church organisation in the region of Gora on the one hand, and on the other hand, the proximity of Prizren, the military and administrative centre of the Prizren Sanjak in which high ranking officials of Opolje origin operated.

Fiscal Reforms in a Country's Competitiveness Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Mária Janošková ◽  
Adriana Csikósová ◽  
Katarína Čulková
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fiscal Reforms ◽  
The One

The chapter attention is given to fiscal reforms in Slovakia. Reform measurements and their impact on the state budget have been investigated in selected areas of the economy. Reforms are always lively discussed issue. On the one hand, they are reasoned by expert arguments, but also by political ideas and emotions. On the other hand, we must see that the reforms affect all citizens, mainly children, students, workers, unemployed and pensioners. The chapter contains a brief overview of the most important reforms in the years 2002-2006 as well as preliminary impacts on the economy, inhabitants and public finances. The aim of this chapter is to describe the fiscal reforms in Slovakia, to bring close principles that were behind the changes and to evaluate their influence on the country's competitiveness. The aim is to show how economic policy and reforms have changed the socio-economic model in Slovakia and what results it has brought.

En torno a la práctica desaparición de una competencia. El art. 149.1.6 CE y las especialidades procesales autonómicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Substantive Law

LABURPENA: Konstituzioak, 149.1.6 artikuluan, ez zion atea itxi nahi izan autonomia- erkidegoen parte-hartzeari araudi prozesalaren erregulazioan, eta, berez, Estatuari legegintza prozesalaren gainean eman zion eskumen esklusiboa mugatua da; izan ere, beren zuzenbide substantiboaren berezitasunetatik eratorritako espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena aitortu baitzien, aldi berean, autonomia-erkidegoei. Eskumen hori batez ere zuzenbide zibil propioa duten erkidegoetan erabiltzekoa zen, baina ez haietan bakarrik, ez eta soilik gai honi dagokionean ere. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, baina, hain modu murriztailean jokatu du konstituzio-arau hori interpretatu eta aplikatu behar izan duenean (47/2004 epaia da salbuespen bakarra), non autonomia-erkidegoen espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena ezerezean geratu baita. Artikulu honen asmoa honako hau da: alde batetik, egoera honetara nola heldu garen aztertzea; bestetik, 21/2012 epaia analizatzea, zeinak Konstituzio Auzitegiaren ildo murriztailea berresten duen; eta, azkenik, gaurko egoeran beste hautabide batzuk eskaintzea, autonomia-erkidegoek espezialitate prozesalen gainean daukaten eskumena (haietako batzuk erabiltzen ari direna) desagertzeko zorian dago-eta Konstituzio Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzian. RESUMEN: La Constitución, en su art. 149.1.6, no quiso cerrar la puerta a la intervención de las CCAA en la regulación de la normativa procesal y otorgó al Estado una competencia exclusiva sobre legislación procesal cuya exclusividad es, en realidad, limitada, dada la simultánea atribución a las CCAA de la competencia para dictar las necesarias especialidades procesales derivadas de las particularidades de su derecho sustantivo. Ello debía ser especialmente útil en aquellas comunidades con Derecho civil propio, aunque no solo en estas ni únicamente respecto de este ámbito material. Ocurre sin embargo que el Tribunal Constitucional, en las ocasiones en que ha debido interpretar y aplicar el mencionado precepto constitucional, lo ha hecho de modo tan restrictivo que, con la única y aislada excepción de la STC 47/2004, la competencia autonómica relativa a las especialidades procesales ha quedado reducida a la nada. El propósito de este artículo es, por un lado, el de examinar cómo se ha llegado a este punto; por otro, estudiar el último de los casos relevantes, la STC 21/2012, que confirma la citada línea restrictiva seguida por el Tribunal; y finalmente apuntar algunas alternativas a la situación a la que se ha llegado, en que la competencia de las CCAA en materia de especialidades procesales (que por otra parte algunas están ejerciendo) se halla condenada a la práctica desaparición en la jurisprudencia constitucional. ABSTRACT: The Constitution in section 149.1.16 has not closed the door to the Autonomous Communities intervention in the regulation of the procedural provisions and conferred the State the exclusive power over the procedural legislation albeit its exclusivity is limited by the simultaneous allocation to the Au tonomous Communities of the power to enact the necessary procedural specifities that come from the special features of its substantive law. That should be extremely useful in those Communities with their own Civil law, even though not only in those and not solely regarding this material field. But what happens is that when the Constitutional Court had to interpret and apply the aforementioned constitutional provision, it has done it so narrowly that with the only and sole exception of the Constitutional judgment 47/2004 the power is almost reduced to nothing. The purpose of this article is on the one hand to examine how this is been reached; and on the other hand, to study the last relevant ruling, judgment 21/2012, which confirms the aforementioned narrow line of interpretation followed by the Court; and finally to point at some alternatives to the situation that has been created in which the power of the Autonomous Communities regarding the procedural specificities (and which they are exercising anyway) is doomed to the practical disappearance according to the constitutional caselaw.

BONUS DEMOGRAFI PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN BAGI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Falikhah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Indonesia gets demographic bonus in 2015-2035. Demographic bonus is when the number of productive population of the age of 15-64 years reaches about 70% or about 180 million people and the rest is about 30% or about 60 million people of unproductive age. The demographic bonus is like a double-edged sword. This demographic bonus becomes a profitable phenomenon on the one hand and on the other hand can be disastrous for a country. Beneficial and potential if a country is able to prepare its young generation with a quality generation and vice versa would be disastrous if the state is unable to prepare its human resources. High quality human resources both in terms of education, health, skills so as to compete in the world of work. This phenomenon is of course interesting to be studied further, especially how the opportunities and challenges for diversity in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Subnational Governments

China's economic reforms have resulted in spectacular growth and poverty reduction. However, China's institutions look ill-suited to achieve such a result, and they indeed suffer from serious shortcomings. To solve the “China puzzle,” this paper analyzes China's institution—a regionally decentralized authoritarian system. The central government has control over personnel, whereas subnational governments run the bulk of the economy; and they initiate, negotiate, implement, divert, and resist reforms, policies, rules, and laws. China's reform trajectories have been shaped by regional decentralization. Spectacular performance on the one hand and grave problems on the other hand are all determined by this governance structure. (JEL O17, O18, O43, P21, P25, P26)

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