The possibility of predicting the sheep voluntary dry matter intake of hays from their rumen degradation characteristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
S. Lopez ◽  
Dolores Carro ◽  
J.S. Gonzalez ◽  
F.J. Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
The Relationship

Ability to predict accurately the intake of digestible nutrients by ruminants is of great interest. The feed intake can be limited mainly by the amount of undigested residue remaining in the rumen. Ingested feed disappears from the rumen in two ways: through digestion and through passage. So, forages with easily degraded cell-walls, may promote faster rates of digestion and passage and allow the animal to consume more feed (Hovell et al., 1986).The objective of the present study is to determine the rate and extent of rumen degradation of various hays “in situ” and to evaluate the ability to predict the voluntary intake from these rumen degradation characteristics.Eleven sun-cured hays from three cultivars (alfalfa, red-clover and vetch-cereal), two sown grasslands (grass-clover mixture and mixed grass sward) and six permanent meadows were used to study the relationship between some rumen degradation characteristics and the voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) by sheep.

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

The relationship between voluntary intake and mean apparent retention time in the rumen

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between mean apparent retention time of dry matter in the reticulorumen (RD, hr) and the daily voluntary dry matter intake (ID, g/day) of six dried panicum diets was determined on sheep which were offered fresh feed every hour. RD was measured by emptying the reticulorumen via a large rumen fistula. ID for the six diets by the sheep with fistulae was slightly higher than, and correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.001) with, that previously found when the same diets were offered to intact sheep. ID varied from 659 to 1355 g/day and RD from 13.3 to 27.1 hr. These two factors were inversely related:

scholarly journals The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Martin ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
P. Moberly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Relationship

1. Studies were made of the extent to which p-cresol, catechol, quinol and orcinol infused through rumen or abomasal cannulas to sheep were recovered in their urine.2. Rumen fermentation of dietary phenolic compounds caused the excretion of simple phenols in the urine. In decreasing order of magnitude these were: p-cresol, catechol, phenol and 4-methylcatechol with only traces of quinol and orcinol.3. The percentages of rumen-infused p-cresol or orcinol recovered as increments in the urinary phenol outputs of sheep (94 and 99% respectively) following infusion showed that rumen degradation of these phenols was negligible.4. After rumen infusion of catechol and quinol, mean recoveries of these phenols in urine were only 55 and 77% respectively. Possible reasons for these incomplete recoveries are discussed.5. Studies were also made of the use of the urinary phenol output of phenols characteristic of particular forages as indices of their voluntary intake by sheep. Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull) (heather) may contain 1300–3600 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of orcinol and 200–800 mg/kg DM of quinol as β-glycosides. When heather was offered ad lib. to sheep given one of five levels of grass, linear relationships were found between heather intake and urinary quinol and orcinol outputs.6. The urinary output of aromatic acids was also determined when sheep ate grass and heather. Urinary phenylacetic acid output was linearly related to grass but not to heather intake. The relationship between urinary phenylacetic acid output and grass intake could vary with different forages but that between orcinol output and heather intake was considered a useful index of heather intake.7. Methods for the assay of urine phenols are discussed.

Estimation of intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass from in situ parameters measured in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Ferri ◽  
V. V. Jouve ◽  
N. P. Stritzler ◽  
H. J. Petruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractThe voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum cv. Verde) were measured in seven periods, comprising one full year. The forage was offered twice a day ad libitum to seven rams, fitted with faeces collection bags; each experimental period was composed of 8 days for adaptation and 8 days for collection of data. The dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) varied from 36·1 to 64·9 glkg M075, the digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI), from 17·4 to 41·9 glkg M0·75 and the in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD), from 0·471 to 0·667.Daily samples of offered forage were taken and pooled subsamples from each of the seven periods were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three Hereford steers. The data were fitted to the exponential equation: p = a + b (1-e-ct) to estimate p (the proportionate loss of DM at time t of incubation); effective degradability (ED) and lag time (L) were also estimated.The parameters obtained in situ were related to the in vivo results by simple and multiple regression. The correlation coefficients of the rate of degradation (c) and ED with DMI, DDMI and DMD were, respectively, 096 and 0·97; 0·97 and 0·96; 0·86 and 0·88. By including a, b, c and L into a multiple regression analysis, the coefficients of determination (R2) were: DMI: 0·99; DDMI: 0·99 and DMD: 0·91. Within the conditions of this study, the parameters obtained in situ were reasonable estimators of voluntary intake and apparent digestibility.

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY CULTIVARS FOR VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. MASON ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Five timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, Clair, Champ, Milton, Climax and Bounty, were harvested at first flower stage during 2 consecutive years and in the regrowth for 1 yr. The forages were each offered as hay to 15 young rams to evaluate voluntary intake. Five animals were used to determine initial harvest dry matter digestibility. The cultivars varied significantly in voluntary intake at first flower stage. The highest intake (g kg−0.75 d−1) averaged for the years was obtained in the early cultivar Champ (65.9), which was 10% more than that of the medium-late cultivar Climax. The cultivars did not differ significantly in dry matter digestibility. In the regrowth, the relative intakes of the cultivars were essentially reversed from that of the initial harvest. The voluntary intake was substantially higher but the differences among forages were less marked. Climax regrowth voluntary intake was higher (P < 0.05) than all cultivars, except Bounty. A 15% range in digestible dry matter intake was present among cultivars. The ranking of the culivars for digestible dry matter was different than for dry matter yield. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

The relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance of some Iranian feedstuffs in sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
H. Paya ◽  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
H. Janmohamadi ◽  
G.A Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Require Information

Ration formulation systems require information on nutrient requirements of the animal and reliable values for rumen degradable and undegradable fractions of feed ingredients. The in situ nylon-bag technique is widely used to characterize the disappearance of feeds from the rumen (Woods et al., 2002). The objective of this study was determining of relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance.

A comparison of silages made from red clover/grass, white clover/grass and high nitrogen grass swards for beef production

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stewart ◽  
I. I. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grass Sward

ABSTRACTSilage cut twice annually (June and August) from a tetraploid red clover/grass sward and three times annually (May, July and September) from a low nitrogen (N) and high N perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was fed in proportion to dry-matter yield from each cut, over a 10-week period, each winter for 3 years to castrated male cattle of initial live weight 401 kg in year 1 and 425 kg in years 2 and 3. The silages were supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg concentrate per head daily.Total dry-matter yield from the red clover/grass sward was similar to that from the perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (high N grass) receiving 360 kg N per ha but the digestibility, particularly of first cut material was much lower. Dry-matter production of the low N grass/white clover sward was 0·73 of high N grass sward and produced silages of similar digestibility and fermentation.Dry-matter intakes by the cattle were higher on the legume-based silages in years when clover made a worthwhile contribution to total yield, but this did not significantly improve utilization or animal performance compared with high N grass silage. Mean daily carcass gain per head on red clover/grass silage was 0·41 kg which was significantly less than the 0·61 kg on white clover/grass silage and 0·59 on high N grass (P < 0·001). Carcass output from red clover/grass silage was 618 kg/ha and 629 kg/ha from white clover/grass, both of which were significantly less than the 863 kg/ha from the high N grass silage (P < 0·001). Dressing proportion was also significantly poorer in animals fed red clover/grass silage compared with the other silage types.

Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. I. Effects of duodenally infused single doses of casein, urea, and propionate upon voluntary intake of a low-protein roughage by sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
Low Nitrogen

In each of two experiments, single infusions of casein administered to sheep per duodenum produced substantial and rapid increases in voluntary intake of chaffed oaten hay diets of low nitrogen content (0.62–0.70% nitrogen). The effect commenced within 16 hr of completion of the infusion, and occurred before any observed change in the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. When urea was infused per duodenum at the same level of nitrogen as with the casein, an increase in intake occurred on the day following infusion in one experiment. In a second experiment no such response occurred. Faster rates of cellulose digestion were observed on the day of infusion, apparently due to recycling of nitrogen to the rumen. Of the 10 g of nitrogen infused, 7.4 g of casein nitrogen and 5 g of urea nitrogen were retained. Propionate, infused in an attempt to reproduce the gluconeogenic properties of casein, did not have any major effect on daily dry matter intake, although it caused a depression in intake during the period of infusion in one experiment. Results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism of response to the protein supplement. The possibility is suggested that the protein status of the animal is a component of a chemoregulatory mechanism governing the intake of low nitrogen diets by sheep.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

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