Estimation of intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass from in situ parameters measured in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Ferri ◽  
V. V. Jouve ◽  
N. P. Stritzler ◽  
H. J. Petruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractThe voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum cv. Verde) were measured in seven periods, comprising one full year. The forage was offered twice a day ad libitum to seven rams, fitted with faeces collection bags; each experimental period was composed of 8 days for adaptation and 8 days for collection of data. The dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) varied from 36·1 to 64·9 glkg M075, the digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI), from 17·4 to 41·9 glkg M0·75 and the in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD), from 0·471 to 0·667.Daily samples of offered forage were taken and pooled subsamples from each of the seven periods were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three Hereford steers. The data were fitted to the exponential equation: p = a + b (1-e-ct) to estimate p (the proportionate loss of DM at time t of incubation); effective degradability (ED) and lag time (L) were also estimated.The parameters obtained in situ were related to the in vivo results by simple and multiple regression. The correlation coefficients of the rate of degradation (c) and ED with DMI, DDMI and DMD were, respectively, 096 and 0·97; 0·97 and 0·96; 0·86 and 0·88. By including a, b, c and L into a multiple regression analysis, the coefficients of determination (R2) were: DMI: 0·99; DDMI: 0·99 and DMD: 0·91. Within the conditions of this study, the parameters obtained in situ were reasonable estimators of voluntary intake and apparent digestibility.

The voluntary intake of silage by sheep:I. Interrelationships between silage composition and intake

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wilkins ◽  
K. J. Hutchinson ◽  
R. F. Wilson ◽  
C. E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYThe voluntary intake by sheep of seventy silages was measured in experiments in several years. Linear and multiple regression analyses were made between these voluntary intakes and the contents of dry matter, various acids and nitrogen and the digestibility value determined in vivo. There were some differences in these relationships for silages made from different groups of species, particularly those made from legumes. Voluntary intake was positively correlated with the contents of dry matter, nitrogen, lactic acid as a percentage of total acids and with the Flieg index. Voluntary intake was negatively correlated with the contents of acetic acid and ammonia as a percentage of total N. Although pH alone did not account for a significant part of the variation in intake, multiple regressions in which pH and one of the measurements of fermentation quality were included were significant, with pH positively related to intake. When all silages were considered, the correlation between voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of dry matter was not significant. However, for legumes this correlation was significant and positive and for grasses other than ryegrass the correlation was significant and negative.

Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughages

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Exponential Equations ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTFive different straws consisting of two varieties of winter barley, two varieties of spring barley and one variety of winter wheat were chosen due to differences in degradation characteristics determined by using nylon bags incubated in the rumen of cattle and describing the straw using the equation: p = a + b (1 – e–ct). To increase variation in degradability, batches of the same straws were also treated with anhydrous ammonia in a sealed oven.The straws were subsequently offered ad libitum to groups of steers given a daily supplement of 1·5 kg concentrate and untreated straws were supplemented with urea. The dry-matter intake (DMI) of the straws varied from 3·4 to 5·7 kg/day, the digestible DMI from 1·4 to 3·5 kg/day and growth rate from 106 to 608 g/day.By using multiple regression of a, b, c from the exponential equations characterizing degradability of the straw, the correlation coefficients with DMI, digestible DMI and growth rate were 0·88, 0·96 and 0·95 respectively.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

Supplementation of rice straw with dry leucaena

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effects of supplementation with three levels (5, 10 and 15% of DM offered) of dry leucaena on the voluntary intake and digestion of rice straw by sheep were studied. These effects were compared with those of a supplement of urea and sulfate. In all cases, the rice straw was supplemented with minerals.Total dry matter intake (DMI) increased linearly with the level of leucaena, but there was no affect on intake of straw. Nor did supplementation with urea and sulfate affect straw intake. Neither of these supplements affected the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM).There were significant linear relationships between DM1 and the amounts of total digesta or DM in the reticulo-rumen (RR). The amount of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) in the RR also increased with the amount of leucaena offered, as did the concentration of ammonia N in rumen fluid.While the flows of digesta constituents increased linearly with the amount of leucaena in the diet, there were no significant effects of dietary treatments on the fractional outflow rates of NDF from the RR. The fractional digestion rates of NDF in the RR were also not affected by supplementation. The intake of nitrogen, the amount of crude protein apparently digested in the intestines (DCPi) and apparent nitrogen retention all increased with the amount of leucaena given. In contrast, supplementationwith urea and sulfate increased N intake, but DCPi was not increased to the same extent as with leucaena. The proportion of NAN flowing through the abomasum which was of microbial origin was lower (0.66 v. 0.73) when 15% leucaena was in the diet than with straw alone or straw plus urea and sulfate.

COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DIGESTIBILITE ET INGESTION VOLONTAIRE D’ENSILAGES D’HERBES ET DE MAIS PAR DES AGNEAUX

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake measurements were used to determine the nutritive value of different crops made as silage for sheep. In the first experiment, grass silages contained less N-NH3 than corn–pea silage. Digestible energy intake of grass silage treated with formic acid was higher than that which was untreated. Digestibility, dry matter intake and the nutritive value index were higher for corn–pea silage than for treated or untreated grass silage. In the second experiment, six different silages were made. Corn was harvested at the milk and dough stages of growth and after a frost and was chopped at either 1.3 cm or 0.6 cm. Silage made with corn harvested after a frost and chopped at 1.3 cm and that made with corn harvested at the milk stage and chopped at 0.6 cm had higher N-NH3 content than the others. Fine chopping decreased digestibility of silages harvested at earlier maturity stages but increased the digestible energy of the corn silage harvested after a frost. Voluntary intake was greater with silages harvested at the later dates than with silage harvested at the milk stage.

Green Pinus radiata needles as a feed for sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Summer Pasture

Various combinations of cereal chaff and Pinus radiata needles were fed to penned sheep in three experiments. The in vivo digestibility of green needles was estimated to be 36%. Intakes of needles were variable and increased to more than 50% of the total dry matter intake if the chaff component of the diet was restricted to 25% of normal intake. Under these conditions, the needles made a useful contribution to the diet and reduced rates of liveweight loss.The feeding value of pine needles may decrease by about 30% as they age but that of fresh young needles can be greater than those of late summer pasture residues. Therefore, if kept ungrazed for in situ consumption in summer or during drought, when pasture residues are not able to maintain sheep, green pine needles can be valuable either as a substitute for pasture or as a partial supplement.

The use of the gas-test technique for predicting the feeding value of forage plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
M. Chenost ◽  
F. Deverre ◽  
J. Aufrère ◽  
C. Demarquilly
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Range Of Variation

The ‘gas test’ technique (Menke and Steingass, 1988) is becoming popular for predicting the feeding value of forages. However the relationships observed by Khazaal et al. (1995) between in vivo data and prediction measurements on grasses and legume hays were less good with the gas test technique than with the in situ technique. The present results are part of the work undertaken at the laboratory with the aim of improving the accuracy of the technique on various types of foods (Chenost et al., 1997).Seventy-nine forages (24 green (G) grasses, 38 grass hays (H), five G lucernes and 12 lucerne H) of known in vivo organic matter apparent digestibility (OMD) out of which 45 (17 G grasses, 16 grass H, five G lucernes and seven lucerne H) of known voluntary dry-matter intake (DMI), both measured with sheep, were chosen based on the range of variation of their OMD (from 0-490 to 0-808) and of their crude protein content (CP from 48 to 253 g/kg DM).

CHANGES IN ESTIMATES OF SILAGE DRY MATTER INTAKE OR APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF DM DETERMINATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. LARSEN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Oven Drying

Apparent digestibility coefficients and voluntary dry matter (DM) intakes by sheep fed 11 silages, comprising 3 corn, 4 legume-grass and 4 corn-hay crop silage mixtures, were estimated when silage DM content was determined by (1) toluene distillation (TD), corrected for volatiles lost into the aqueous distillate, (2) uncorrected TD, (3) freeze-drying (FD), (4) oven-drying (OD) at 40 C and (5) OD at 65 C. Highest nutrient digestibility and DM intake (P < 0.05) data were obtained by the method of corrected TD. DM intake and DM digestibility were underestimated by 7.4 and 12.0%, respectively, when oven-drying at 65 C was compared to corrected TD (P < 0.01). Digestibility coefficients and DM intakes were similar between FD and OD at 40 C. These results suggest that in vivo expressions of silage nutritive value should be based upon corrected TD for silage DM content and that biochemical determinations can be conducted on silage that has been oven-dried at 40 C.

Voluntary intake of low protein diets by sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Elliott ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Slow Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Protein Diets

SUMMARY1. Sixteen foods, ranging in crude protein content from approximately 2·6 to 10·0%, were each offered ad lib. to four wether sheep. Dry-matter intake, N content and apparent digestibility of dry matter for each food were determined.2. Voluntary intake of food dry matter was closely related to N content.3. Slow fermentation in the reticulo-rumen and the associated slow rate of passage through the digestive tract may control the intake of low protein foods by sheep.4. There was evidence of adaptation of sheep to low protein diets as the trials progressed and significant differences occurred in voluntary food consumption between sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document