The effects of plane of nutrition and diet type on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production in high genetic merit dairy heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
A.F. Carson ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.E. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Diet Type

To develop appropriate rearing regimes for high genetic merit dairy heifers, information is required on the effect of growth rates and diet type within the various stages of die animal’s life on performance. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effects of plane of nutrition and diet type during the pre-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels and (2) the effects of plane of nutrition during die post-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production.

The effects of plane of nutrition and diet type on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production in high genetic merit dairy heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
A.F. Carson ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.E. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Diet Type

To develop appropriate rearing regimes for high genetic merit dairy heifers, information is required on the effect of growth rates and diet type within the various stages of die animal’s life on performance. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effects of plane of nutrition and diet type during the pre-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels and (2) the effects of plane of nutrition during die post-pubertal period on lactogenic hormone levels, growth and milk production.

The effects of plane of nutrition and diet type on metabolic hormone concentrations, growth and milk production in high genetic merit dairy herd replacements

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Carson ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.D.G. McEvoy ◽  
M. McCoy ◽  
L.E.R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Metabolic Hormone ◽  
Diet Type

AbstractSeventy high genetic merit Holstein heifers were used in two experiments to investigate (1) the effects of plane of nutrition and diet type during the pre-pubertal period and (2) the effects of plane of nutrition during the post-pubertal period on metabolic hormone concentrations, growth and milk production. In experiment 1, treatment 1 and 2 heifers were given food to achieve a live-weight gain of 0·70 and 0·95 kg/day from 3 to 10 months of age on a grass silage based diet, while treatment 3 heifers were given food to achieve 0·95 kg/day on a barley straw/concentrate diet. During the pre-pubertal period, heifers reared on treatment 1 had significantly higher growth hormone(GH) concentrations (ng/ml per 1 h) than heifers reared on treatment 2 (P < 0·01) and had significantly lower insulin concentrations than heifers reared on treatment 3 (P < 0·01). Heifers reared on treatment 1 had significantly lower insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations than those reared on treatment 3 (P < 0·01). At 10 months of age heifers reared on treatment 1 were of lower condition score (P < 0·01) than those on treatment 2 and had a smaller heart girth diameter (P < 0·01) than those on treatments 2 and 3. During the first lactation, milk yield and composition produced by the heifers was not significantly affected by treatment. In experiment 2, treatment A heifers were given, from 14 to 24 months of age, a low plane of nutrition to allow a live-weight gain of 0·65 kg/day on a grass silage and grass based diet during the winter and summer periods respectively. Treatment B heifers were kept on a high plane of nutrition to allow a live-weight gain of 0·90 kg/day on the same forage along with concentrate supplementation. During the rearing period, GH and IGF-1 concentrations were not significantly affected by treatment. Treatment A heifers weighed less before calving (P < 0·05), had a lower condition score (P < 0·01), and had a smaller heart girth diameter (P < 0·01) than those on treatment B. During the first 10 weeks of lactation, heifers on treatment A had a higher silage dry matter intake and lost less weight (P < 0·05) than those on treatment B, however, by 20 weeks of lactation these effects had disappeared. Milk yield and composition during the first lactation were not significantly affected by treatment. Overall, the findings of experiments 1 and 2 did not show any beneficial effects of higher weights at first calving in high genetic merit Holsteins and therefore indicate that accelerated growth in the pre- or post-pubertal period may not be required.

To determine the relationships between age, weight and size in Holstein heifers between 100 and 300 kg liveweight

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
H.J. Biggadike ◽  
C.A. Collins ◽  
S.B. Drew ◽  
P.N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Dairy Heifers

It is common practice to rear dairy heifers to calve at 24 months of age and expect first lactation milk yields of up to 10,000 litres. This requires growth rates of at least 0.7kg/d during rearing. Research has indicated that high growth rates in the prepubertal period can have a deleterious effect on mammogenisis (Capuco et al 1995), and a significant reduction in potential milk production (Sejrsen et al 1996) due to impaired mammary development. However, not all studies have found such effects (Sejrsen et al 1996). As a consequence, strategies of rearing are being studied to identify the optimum pattern of growth around puberty to achieve high milk yields. Skeletal measurements have also been demonstrated to be related to first lactation yields (Hoffman 1996). This study investigated the consequences of differing growth rates between 100 and 300kg liveweight on the size and relative dimensions of Holstein heifers.

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

A comparison of two contrasting milk production systems for high genetic merit autumn calving dairy cows in a grassland based production environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
C.P. Ferris ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
C.S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Value

In a previous short term study, Ferris et al. (1997) demonstrated that similar levels of nutrient intake and animal performance could be obtained by either increasing silage feed value and reducing concentrate feed level, or by reducing silage feed value and increasing concentrate feed level. The principles established in this study were incorporated into this trial to examine two systems of milk production over a full lactation, including both the winter and grazing periods.Forty high genetic merit dairy cows (PTA95 fat + protein = 38.2 kg), in their second or subsequent lactation, were used in a continuous design full lactation study. Animals had a mean calving date of 1 November and were allocated to one of two systems of milk production, HF or HC, within 36 hours of calving. During the winter, animals on system HF were offered a silage with high feed value characteristics, supplemented with 5.5 kg of concentrate (crude protein concentration of 280 g/kg DM) through an out-of-parlour feeding system.

The production characteristics of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
B. Ekiz ◽  
A. Ceyhan ◽  
A. Altine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Production Characteristics

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the fertility, milk production and body weight of ewes and the survival and growth characteristics of lambs of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds. The Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds are included among the genetic resources in the project for the conservation of the indigenous breeds in Turkey.Conception rates for Imroz and Kivircik ewes were 57.6% and 81.7% respectively, litter sizes were 1.2 and 1.2 respectively, milk yields were 89 kg and 62 kg respectively and average live weights (2–7 years of age) were 43 kg and 55 kg, respectively. Imroz and Kivircik lambs had survival rates at weaning (90th day) of 98% and 96%, birth weights of 3.3 kg and 4.1 kg and weaning weights of 19.8 kg and 28.0 kg, respectively.The results showed that the Kivircik sheep were heavier and the lambs had a better growth rate until weaning than the Imroz breed. However, the milk production of the Imroz ewes was higher than that of Kivircik. The lambs of both breeds had a satisfactory survival and growth rates until weaning and these results might be regarded as a desired adaptation of the Imroz and Kivircik lambs to the environmental conditions of the Marmara Region.

Influence of Genetic Merit on Fertility Traits of Dairy Cattle on Commercial Farms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
H.C.F. Wicks ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The selection of dairy cattle for high milk production is thought to be linked to increased problems with fertility. Most research has concentrated on the influence of actual yields rather than the effect of genetic merit on fertility. It has also been reported that by maintaining a high level of herd management the reproductive efficiency problems associated with high milk production can be removed (Nebel and Gilliard, 1993). The current work estimated the influence of genetic merit (defined as PIN95), 90-day daily milk yield, deviation from herd mean 305-day milk yield and body condition score on fertility, in an attempt to assess whether actual yield has more effect than potential yield as indicated by genetic merit.

The effect of dam’s parity on the first lactation performance of dairy heifers

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
S. J. Furniss ◽  
A. Stroud ◽  
H. Barrington ◽  
S. P. J. Kirby ◽  
J. P. Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Beef Bull ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genetic Index

Whether they are planning to calve for the first time at two or three years old Many farmers choose to serve their maiden dairy heifers (animals not previously served, (M. A. F. F. 1985)) with a beef breed recognised for giving easier calvings .Often the heifer breeding programme is not well supervised and it is a matter of convienience to use a resident beef bull.There are however,considerable advantages to serving heifers with dairy bulls including an increased number of heifer calves for selection or the ability to serve older, nature cows (animals that have commenced at least their first lactation (M. A. F. F. 1985))with a continental beef breed giving large calves of higher market value. Because heifers tend to be calved as a group they provide a batch of calves which can be concentrated upon, easing management and improving control over performance.If heifers are served by bulls of as higher genetic merit as would normally be used on cows then increased genetic turnover will raise the genetic index in the younger dam which should be reflected in her daughter’s performance.

Differences in the behaviour of high and low yielding dairy cows selected by genetic merit

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 220-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Cooper ◽  
D. R. Arney ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
High Nutrient

The effects of high milk yields on the behaviour and welfare of the dairy cow are unclear. A high milk yield increases the need to consume sufficient fodder in an attempt to meet high nutrient demands. The failure to meet the demands may result in persistent hunger in the dairy cow having to modify her behaviour by employing various coping strategies. These modifications may help the cow overcome a state of hunger but at the expense of being unable to express other important behaviours. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether the behaviour and welfare of the genetically high yielding dairy cow is being compromised by the increased nutritional demands of milk production, and to investigate the possibility that an increased amount of time spent in food-directed behaviours may have a detrimental effect on the time available to perform other important behaviours.

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