Special Courses for Aboriginals

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
New South ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Unskilled Employment

Proposals for special training courses for Aboriginals in New South Wales have been made intermittently over the last few years. It has been firmly established that Aboriginals have not been acquiring trade skills, despite policies designed to provide equal opportunities for both Aboriginals and white Australians. Aboriginals have tended to gravitate towards unskilled, casual or labouring positions, while unemployment has been many times higher than of the general population. Although the educational system has attempted to prepare Aboriginals for a European life style, they have nevertheless tended to fall into the low income/unskilled employment class.It is generally conceded that Aboriginals are disadvantaged in comparison to non-Aboriginals in regard to open employment. The disadvantages stem from remoteness from employment opportunities, relatively low levels of education, lack of work skills and cultural differences.

Comparative responses of Lolium perenne and Bothriochloa macra to temperature, moisture, fertility and defoliation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cook ◽  
A Lazenby ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
New South ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Lolium perenne and Bothtriochloa macra were grown alone and In 1/1 mixtures In pot culture under molsture stress and moisture non-limiting conditions at both high and low levels of fertility, they were grown In three controlled environment cabinets operating at either 16/10°, 23/17° or 31/25°C, and defoliated to either 1 cm or 4 cm from the crown at each of two harvests.Temperature was the dormant factor differentiating the growth and competitive ability of both species Lolium grew best In the 16/10° and 23/17°C temperature regimes, production declining at 31/25° In contrast, Bothriochloa made very little growth a1 16/10° and responded linearly to measuring temperature. Both species responded similarly to increasing fertility and favourable moisture conditions, although such treatments had no effect on Bothriocochloa in the 16/10°C temperature regime Bothtriochloa was more tolerant of low fertility and moisture stress than was Loliurn, especially at 31/25° Lolium yielded more, and competed successfully with Bothtriochloa, only under conditions of high fertility and In the absence of moisture stress at temperatures up to 23/17°C Defoliation intensity had little effect on the total dry matter yields of either species, although it did influence the proportion of leaf to head and stem of Bothtriochloa. The likely implications of the results on the competitive relationships of the two species In the field In the Northern Tablelands environment of New South Wales are discussed

scholarly journals A 29-year retrospective analysis of koala rescues in New South Wales, Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae Charalambous ◽  
Edward J. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Induce Stress ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Port Stephens

AbstractThe koala (Phascolactos cinereus) is currently listed by both the IUCN and the Australian Governments’ Threatened Species Scientific Committee as vulnerable to extinction with a decreasing population trend. This listing can be attributed to climate change and its impact on ecosystems, and anthropomorphic environmental change due to extensive land clearing and habitat fragmentation. These have both been proven to induce stress, which influences the onset of disease. This novel study performed a retrospective analysis whereby records for 12,543 wild, rescued koalas in New South Wales (NSW), Australia were studied in order to determine trends in koala sightings, clinical admissions and injury diagnoses over a period of 29 years (1989-2018). Results indicated that between all three study locations (Port Stephens, Port Macquarie and Lismore), the most common reason koalas were admitted into care was because of disease, the most common disease diagnosed was signs of chlamydia, and the most common outcome for koalas admitted into care was released. At Port Stephens, mature and female koalas were diagnosed with a disease more than any other age or sex, while juvenile and male koalas were released (back into the wild) more than any other age or sex. Additionally, there were fewer koalas with a disease and fewer koalas released in Port Stephens as each year progressed. At Port Macquarie, mature and male koalas were diagnosed with a disease more than any other age or sex, while juvenile and female koalas were released more than any other age or sex. Additionally, there were more koalas with a disease and fewer koalas released in Port Macquarie as each year progressed. At Lismore, adult and female koalas were diagnosed with a disease more than any other age or sex, while joey and male koalas were released more than any other age or sex. Additionally, there were more koalas with a disease and fewer koalas released in Lismore as each year progressed. Determining trends in clinical admissions and diagnosis over such a substantial period of time is an important factor in preventing the continuing decline of koalas throughout Australia, and in particular NSW. It is important to note that there are cultural differences between koala rescue groups in the three study locations (Port Stephens, Port Macquarie and Lismore). These differences may be reflected in the outcomes of koala patients as each group are driven by their own management team. It is essential that any further decline of koala populations is prevented, however this can only be achieved through informed recommendations through research studies such as these. These recommendations should lead to government legislation which can provide stronger protection to koala habitat.

Alternaria toxins in weather-damaged wheat and sorghum in the 1995-1996 Australian harvest

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Webley ◽  
K. L. Jackson ◽  
J. D. Mullins ◽  
A. D. Hocking ◽  
J. I. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
New South ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tenuazonic Acid ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Levels

Weather-damaged wheat from northern New South Wales in 1995-96 was heavily infected with the fungus Alternaria alternata. The mycotoxins tenuazonic acid, alternariol, and alternariol monomethyl ether were detected at low levels which corresponded with the degree of A. alternata infection and the geographical location. Sorghum and undamaged wheat from the same region also showed moderate levels of A. alternata infection and low levels of tenuazonic acid but none of the other toxins. These mycotoxins were not found in weather-damaged wheat from other areas of Australia where the primary infection was by A. infectoria rather than A. alternata.

Effects of protein meal supplements on the growth and reproduction of Hereford heifers and cows grazing a native grass pasture in the subtropics

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
PJ Williamson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In the coastal subtropics of New South Wales, pasture growth occurs mainly in summer, when 500-600 mm of rain is expected. During winter, pasture quality declines, with digestible organic matter content as low as 374 g/kg DM in August and nitrogen down to 6.5 g/kg DM. Growth and reproduction of British breed cattle is also low so that, in an attempt to increase these attributes, protein meal supplements were offered to Hereford heifers and cows over 5 years. Heifers without supplements lost liveweight during their first winter and none calved after being mated at 15 months of age to Hereford bulls during a 9-week joining period. During their second winter, 58% of the heifers calved and, over 5 mating seasons, their mean annual calving rate was 48%. Supplemented heifers gained liveweight during their first winter and 95% of them calved, after first-joining at 15 months of age. Over 5 years their mean calving rate was 85%. Delaying first-joining to 27 months of age, as determined by a second group also supplemented with protein meal, did not increase production or mean calving rate (81%) over 5 years. The 230-day adjusted liveweight of calves weaned from non-supplemented heifers was 138 kg, significantly (P< 0.01) less than the 179 �10 kg (mean � s.e.d.) for calves weaned from the supplemented early-calving group, or 198 kg for the supplemented late-calving group. The results highlight the limitation to cattle production imposed by the low levels of nitrogen and poorly digestible pasture, and emphasise the important role of protein meal supplements with added minerals in increasing production of breeding herds grazing unimproved pastures in the subtropics.

The relation between herbage copper, EDTA-extractable soil copper and species composition in pastures growing on a range of soil types

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Beavington ◽  
WA Wright
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Extractable Soil

A survey of the copper status of herbage and its supporting soil over various soil parent materials (all with acid soils) on part of the coast of New South Wales showed levels of herbage copper ranging from < 1 to 14 ppm, EDTA-extractable soil copper from 0.2 to 32 ppm and a correlation between these two variables of r = 0.51 (P < 0,001). Very low levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of inferior grasses and both were associated with low 'available' soil copper. High levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of clover though not necessarily with the highest levels of 'available' soil copper. The content of molybdenum in herbage varied widely giving many very low copper/molybdenum ratios.

Aspirations and Occupational Opportunities for Aboriginals

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Australian School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Aboriginal Students ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Education And Employment

The twin issues of education and employment are inextricably bound together for all Australian school students. In a recent issue, Mr. Hall discussed how Aboriginal students at Port Augusta High School are dealing with the problem; and he suggested that schools should engage in a program of pre-employment trainging.In this article, Mr. Lewis discusses the employment opportunities for and aspirations of Aboriginal school leavers in New South Wales. Most importantly, he tells us how his Department can assist these students to find the positions which they want.

The effect of temperature on the hardseed content of some annual legumes grown on the northern slopes of New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
RD Murison ◽  
EW Heap
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
New South ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

Two laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on the hardseed content of a range of legume species. In the first experiment the effects of constant (10/10,25/25,40/40�C) and fluctuating temperatures (40/10,40/25�C) on the rate of breakdown of the hardseed of 15 legumes was examined over a 12-month period. The second experiment investigated the hardseed level of seven of these legumes stored at temperatures of 25/25,40/25,60/25�C over 11 months. A method of analysing these data is presented which describes the hardseed profile over time and allows the rates of change to be compared. For seed collected in a summer rainfall environment fluctuating temperatures of 40/10�C significantly reduced the hardseed level of Medicago aculeata Willd. and M. scutellata (L.) Mill, cv. Sava, Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum Katzn. et Morley cv. Woogenellup and T. subterraneum ssp brachycalycinum Katzn. Et Morley cv. Clare. A 40/25�C regime reduced the hardseededness of M. minima (L.) Bart, M, aculeata, M. truncatula Gaertn. cv. Sephi, T. subterraneum ssp, subterraneum Katzn. et Morley cvv. Nungarin and Woogenellup and cv. Clare. At 60/25�C the hardseed level of all legumes declined over time. Further at 60/25�C hardseed contents declined at a significantly faster rate than for those at 40/25�C. Field observations of the number of seedlings emerging in the summer after seed set followed a similar pattern to that expected from the laboratory studies. From these studies it is proposed that, provided their seed set is adequate, cultivars with comparatively low levels of hardseed may perform better than expected when grown in a summer rainfall environment, particularly when they are either grown in association with native grasses or have a high proportion of buried burrs. Under these conditions temperatures of around 40/25�C could be expected.

The prevalence of lice (Bovicola ovis) in sheep flocks on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Popp ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
B. R. Watt ◽  
S. Mansfield ◽  
R. D. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Visual Detection ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Livestock Health

In response to suggestions that the incidence of louse infestations in New South Wales has increased markedly, a survey of 173 producers was conducted in the Tablelands Livestock Health and Pest Authority region using visual detection and a questionnaire to document retrospective lice history. An estimated apparent prevalence of 16.5% is a moderate increase from the 10% reported in 2004. On a subset of the surveyed sheep flocks sheep, lice-specific immunoassay conducted by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries were used to detect low levels of infestation that were not identified by visual detection. This provided a true prevalence estimate of 30%. These results will be used to promote improved control and preventative strategies.

Low levels of bycatch from estuarine prawn seining in New South Wales, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A Gray ◽  
Steven J Kennelly ◽  
Kate E Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Levels

Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Graham ◽  
N. L. Andrew ◽  
K. E. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Catch Rates

Upper continental slope trawling grounds (200–650 m depth) off New South Wales were surveyed with the same vessel and trawl gear and similar sampling protocols in 1976–77 (during the early years of commercial exploitation) and in 1996–97. The 1996–97 mean catch rate of sharks and rays, pooled for the main 15 species (or species groups), was ~20% of the 1976–77 mean. Individual catch rates were substantially lower in 1996–97 for 13 of the 15 species or species groups. The greatest decline was observed for dogsharks of the genus Centrophorus, which were most abundant in 1976–77 but rarely caught 20 years later. In contrast, 1996–97 catch rates of spiky dogshark (Squalus megalops) and, to a lesser extent, whitefin swell shark (Cephaloscyllium sp. A) were similar to those in 1976–77. Trawling during 1979–81 provided data for nine species, albeit not corrected for larger gear size, and the pooled mean catch rate for sharks and rays in the depth range 300–525 m was ~28% of the mean for 1976–77. The results suggest that the biomass of most species of sharks and rays declined rapidly as the fishery developed and is now at very low levels.

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