The Impact of Migration and Remittances on Employment in Agriculture in the Gambia

For economic growth and development in any WE African country the GDP progress is depending on the key push-pull factors as migration, personal remittances received, bilateral aids and, absolutely, employment in agriculture which is about 1/3 of the population and not a predominant and protected minority as happens in the industrialized EU and North America. In order to represent the framework of the reciprocal dependencies the present study used the statistics of Gambia from WDI covering the periods from 1960 to 2017 by applying linear regression models. The results confirmed that migration and remittances have significant positive impact on employment in agriculture because new investment in agriculture created new skilled and unskilled employment. The results also found out that employment in agriculture has negative and significant impacts on foreign aids: 10% increase in migration, increases foreign aid by 50.3%. Increasing 10% of remittance, increase economic growth by 0.14% but 10% increases in employment in agriculture, decrease economic growth by 0.04%. To face globalization the economy of the Gambia should use the foreign aid to improve agriculture production and productivity thereby increase economic growth through human capital theory of migration, skilled migration, export and food security, the study recommends.

Colombia coffee production likely to miss 2020 target

Subject Coffee production. Significance Colombia’s coffee production reached record levels in both 2015 and 2016. Investments in new technologies and higher-yielding crop varieties, along with a reduction in displacement and other detrimental impacts of insurgent violence, all suggest that output will increase further during 2017 and beyond. Yet in the context of problematic climatic conditions and low coffee prices, it appears highly unlikely that Colombia will achieve a planned 40% boost in output by 2020. Impacts Expansion of the sector will provide a boost to Colombian smallholders who produce approximately 95% of the country’s coffee. The spread of armed groups into areas formerly occupied by the FARC will threaten production gains in those areas. Efforts to mechanise parts of the sector, especially harvesting, will likely reduce unskilled employment opportunities at large plantations.

Dimensions of Rural Wage Employment in India

This paper Analytical examined the rural wage employment and it is various dimensions focus on rural wage employment covering various dimensions including the organized and unorganized employment, skilled and unskilled employment and increasing casulisation of labour. The researcher looked at non-farm livelihoods in general in the rural areas. The evaluated results lead to conclude the informal economy represents the main source of employment creation and income generation for the labour force in rural areas.

'Typical of the New Zealand Occupational Distribution'?: A Reconsideration of Catholic Interwar Employment Patterns

During the 1920s and 1930s, New Zealand Catholics often characterised themselves as a relatively poor community, and mostly engaged in low paid, unskilled employment. In the 1970s, reflecting on the Church fifty years earlier, historian Ernest Simmons claimed that Catholics tried to explain their relative lack of social and career advancement by blaming the Masons and other opponents and by creating 'a myth that Catholics had always been poor'. In his seminal 1990 work on the Irish in New Zealand, Donald Akenson attempted to debunk this myth, declaring that 'the dead centre normality of Irish Catholics is striking' and that they were 'typical of the New Zealand occupational distribution'.

Illegal Immigrants and Domestic Employment

This paper develops and tests a simple general equilibrium model to explore the common allegation that illegal immigrants take jobs away from native-born workers. A simulation of the effect of an increase in illegal immigration shows that the distribution of the immigrants among industries is critical in determining their effect on employment. If two-thirds of the illegal immigrants are employed in the agricultural service sector, for example, an increase in illegal immigration would increase domestic unskilled employment, but if only half are employed in that sector, an increase would lead to a decline in domestic unskilled unemployment.

Special Courses for Aboriginals

Proposals for special training courses for Aboriginals in New South Wales have been made intermittently over the last few years. It has been firmly established that Aboriginals have not been acquiring trade skills, despite policies designed to provide equal opportunities for both Aboriginals and white Australians. Aboriginals have tended to gravitate towards unskilled, casual or labouring positions, while unemployment has been many times higher than of the general population. Although the educational system has attempted to prepare Aboriginals for a European life style, they have nevertheless tended to fall into the low income/unskilled employment class.It is generally conceded that Aboriginals are disadvantaged in comparison to non-Aboriginals in regard to open employment. The disadvantages stem from remoteness from employment opportunities, relatively low levels of education, lack of work skills and cultural differences.