scholarly journals Bilateral Type II Persistent Proatlantal Intersegmental Arteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pelz ◽  
Ranjith K. Menon ◽  
Rick H. Swartz ◽  
Richard I. Aviv ◽  
Sean P. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

A 64-year-old man with treated hypertension presented with acute left arm and leg weakness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neck magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed. There was restricted diffusion in the right internal capsule posterior limb consistent with an acute lacunar infarct. The MRA demonstrated aplastic bilateral cervical vertebral arteries (V1 and V2 segments). bilaterally, a variant artery arose from the external carotid just above its origin, extended superiorly then medially, and forming the vertebral artery (V3 and V4 segments). bilaterally, the occipital artery arose from the variant artery at the juncture where it turned medially. The right variant artery terminated intracranially in the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The left variant artery continued intracranially to supply the basilar. The appearance was consistent with bilateral persistent proatlantal intersegmental arteries (PPIA) type II.

scholarly journals Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome: Case Report of a Typical Form

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 025-026
Author(s):  
Leandro de Holanda da Rocha ◽  
Milena Nunes Alves de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Veiga Quemelo ◽  
Paulo Antônio Farias Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disease, related to mutations in a gene located on chromosome 20p13. Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, which leads to variable neurologic manifestations. It is reported the case of a 6 years old male patient, with history of neuro psycho motor development involution noticed since 1 year and 5 months of age and progressive development of dystonia, mostly on upper limbs and neck. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed bilaterally symmetric signal changes in globus pallidus and in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, findings that suggest neurodegenerative disease with iron accumulation or metabolic disease.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of the Physician, Going Back to The Clinician, Back to Basics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Noncontrast Computed Tomography ◽  
The Right

Background: Technology has allowed the scientific side of medicine to evolve more rapidly causing the “modern” physicians to greatly rely on laboratory values and imaging studies thereby leading to the loss of clinician abilities and skills. Case: A 52-year-old female with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities including ischemic heart disease, presented to the emergency department in the morning with diffuse body pain associated with malaise, numbness and paresthesias of the right upper and lower extremity. This was followed by an “out of body” sensation. She then experienced transient sharp left-sided chest discomfort described as moderate to severe in intensity with a duration of approximately 2 minutes slowly subsiding on its own. Subsequently, she reported difficulty lifting the right hand and leg as well as slurred speech. The strength in her limbs returned within the hour but numbness and paresthesias persisted and continued to bother her. At the time of presentation, she was hypertensive but no other abnormalities were found on the physical examination. An elevated troponin level was noted but acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was unsuspected in the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). A noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the head was unremarkable. A subsequent 12-lead ECG revealed new T wave inversions in the lateral leads. This provoked a repeat neurological exam in greater detail, and there was objective weakness of the distal muscle groups of the right upper and lower limbs. The NIH score was now 6 (prior was 0). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the following day showed an acute infarct of the left internal capsule. Approximately 72 hours after the initial presentation, the patient remarkably improved and was planned for discharge by the 5th admission day. Conclusion: Clinical skills are crucial in the technological era; it could definitely prevent mistakes or time matter diagnosis. Hence, a reason why in times of dilemma, a return to the basics promoting these skills will always be helpful.

Pediatric Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Two Unique Cases with a Review of all Reported Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelu Desai ◽  
Rahul Badheka ◽  
Nitin Shah ◽  
Vrajesh Udani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Mr Angiogram

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) has been well described in adults, but pediatric cases are yet under recognized. We describe two children with RCVS and review similar already published pediatric cases. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl who presented with severe headaches and seizures 3 days after blood transfusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiogram showed diffuse vasoconstriction of multiple cerebral arteries. The second patient was a 9-year-old boy who presented with severe thunderclap headaches. Brain MRI showed isolated intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography/MR angiogram and digital subtraction angiogram were normal. A week later, he developed focal neurological deficits. Repeated MR angiogram showed diffuse vasospasm of multiple intracranial arteries. Both children recovered completely. A clinico-radiological review of previously reported childhood RCVS is provided.

scholarly journals Overlapping anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) Encephalitis With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Pan ◽  
Begench Ovlyakulov ◽  
Lili zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chinese Patient ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Abstract BackgroundAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis can coexist with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Patients with overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive NMDAR antibodies and aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD are rare but should not be ignored.Case presentationThis report describes a unique case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis coexisting with NMOSD is presented. A 27-year-old male presented with blurred vision, cognitive impairment, psychosis, dysphagia, gait instability and urinary incontinence. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the right cerebellar hemisphere, temporal lobe, and corpus callosum. NMDAR antibodies were positive in the CSF. AQP4-IgG antibodies were positive in the serum. The patient's condition was stable following intravenous gamma globulin, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and symptomatic treatments. ConclusionsThis case provides further evidence for the occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis overlapping NMOSD with AQP4-IgG-seropositive in a Chinese patient. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of double positive antibodies remain elusive.

scholarly journals Use of Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography (CE-MRA) for the Diagnosis of a Vascular Ring Anomaly in a Dog

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Silke Hecht ◽  
April M. Durant ◽  
William H. Adams ◽  
Gordon A. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Ligamentum Arteriosum ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Crossing

A 4-month-old female mixed breed dog was presented to the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine with a history of regurgitation and cachexia. Thoracic radiographs revealed focal megaesophagus cranial to the heart base. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. True fast imaging with steady-state precession (TrueFISP), fast low angle shot (FLASH), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were acquired prior to contrast medium administration. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) demonstrated focal megaesophagus and position of the aortic arch to the right of the esophagus. A small ductus diverticulum and an indistinct linear soft tissue band crossing the esophagus were also noted. Surgical exploration confirmed MR diagnosis of a persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) with left ligamentum arteriosum. The dog improved following surgery but was unable to be transitioned to dry food. To our knowledge this is the first report describing the use of CE-MRA for preoperative diagnosis and guided surgical treatment of a vascular ring anomaly in a dog.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia–like phenotype in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1795-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Pop ◽  
Stefan Kipfer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Intravenous Steroid ◽  
Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia ◽  
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rapid Regression

In April 2015, a 20-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis (MS) presented with acute onset of repetitive abnormal postures and choreatic movements of the right arm, precipitated by voluntary movements (online video 1 and 2). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a new active MS lesion involving the basal ganglia on the left side (Figure 1(a)). Intravenous steroid treatment resulted in rapid regression of this paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)-like hyperkinetic movement disorder. The patient became asymptomatic within 3 months. PKD is characterized by recurrent uni- or bilateral choreoathetosis and usually represents an autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by PRRT2 gene mutations. As in the present case, a PKD-like phenotype may be associated with MS relapses in presumably genetic negative cases.

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

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