6. Laboratory Notes by Professor Tait (c) The Electric Conductivity of Nickel

1878 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
C. Michie Smith ◽  
J. Gordon MacGregor

Pure nickel foil, obtained in Paris by Dr Andrews, was cut into spiral about 20 inches long, and it was on this spiral that all the following experiments were made. During the month of November 1875 a large number of experiments were made as to its thermoelectric properties, and these were found to be almost identical with that of the specimen from observations on which the line was laid down on the “thermo-electric diagram.” (Trans. R.S.E., 1872–3.) This line, it will be remembered, is a peculiar one, and is very similar to that of iron, with this difference, that the peculiar changes take place at much lower temperatures in nickel than in iron.

2006 ◽  
Vol 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangke Zheng ◽  
S. Budak ◽  
C. Muntele ◽  
Z. Xiao ◽  
S. Celaschi ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTWe made p-type nanoscale super lattice thermoelectric cooling devices which consist of multiple periodic layers of Si1−x Gex / Si, The thickness of each layer ranges between 10 and 50 nm. The super lattice was bombarded by 5 MeV Si ion with different fluencies aiming to form nano-cluster quantum dot structures. We estimated the thermo-electric efficiency of the so fabricated devices, measuring the thin film cross plane thermal conductivity by the 3rd harmonic method, measuring the cross plane Seebeck coefficient, and finally measuring the cross plane electric conductivity before and after ion bombardment. As predicted, the thermo-electric Figure of Merit of the films increases with increasing Si ion fluencies. In addition to the effect of quantum well confinement of the phonon transmission, the nano-scale crystal quantum dots produced by the incident Si beam further adversely affects the thermal conductivity by absorbing and dissipating phonon along the lattice, and therefore further reduces the cross plane thermal conductivity, This process increases the electron density of state therefore increasing Seebeck coefficient, and the electric conductivity.


1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Tait

By the kindness of M. de Boisbaudran I have been enabled to experiment upon a specimen of nickel, very nearly pure. Its thermo-electric relations are exceedingly interesting, and are easily observed by employing palladium as the second metal in the circuit. The nickel line in the thermo-electric diagram presents nearly the same appearance as that of iron, but its peculiarities occur at much lower temperatures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 5162-5171
Author(s):  
Haojiang Shi ◽  
Yidi Chai ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Jiazhen Yan ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Levy ◽  
David J. Bergman

ABSTRACTAn explicit expression for the bulk effective thermoelectric coefficient αe of a two component composite is derived. This coefficient is found to depend only on the bulk effective electric conductivity σe and thermal conductivity γe, as well as on the moduli of the pure components. Using this expression and making standard scaling assumptions about the forms of σe and γe, the scaling behavior of αe, and of the effective figure of merit Ze are investigated. This behavior depends strongly on the thermal and electric conductivities ratios in the pure components. Upper and lower bounds for αe are calculated from its analytical properties.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Bhatnagar ◽  
Sanjay Siwach

We investigate the holographic DC conductivity of (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional systems while considering hyperscaling violating geometry in bulk. We consider Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton system with two gauge fields and Liouville-type potential for dilaton. We also consider axionic fields in bulk to introduce momentum relaxation in the system. We apply an external magnetic field to study the response of the system and obtain analytic expressions for DC conductivity, Hall angle and (thermo)electric conductivity.


1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  

The Lecturer gave an exposition of the substance of a paper presented by him to the Society under the above title. The paper consists of five parts, namely:— 1. On the Electric Convection of Heat; 2. On Thermo-electric Inversions; 3. On the Effects of Mechanical Strain and of Magnetization on the Thermo-electric Qualities of Metals; 4. On Methods for comparing and testing Galvanic Resistances, illustrated by Preliminary Experiments on the Effects of Tension and Magnetization on the Electric Conductivity of Metals; 5. On the Effects of Magnetization on the Electric Conductivity of Iron.


Author(s):  
Ziyafat Mukhtarova

Методами физико-химического анализа – дифференциально-термическим, высокотемпературным дифференциально-термическим, рентгенофазовым, микроструктурным, а также измерением микротвердости изучена система Sm2Te3–GeTe, которая является квазибинарным сечением тройной системы Ge–Sm–Te. При соотношении исходных теллуридов 1:1 (50 мол. %) и температуре 1100 К по перитектической реакции ж+Sm2Te3→ GeSm2Te4 образуется тройное соединение GeSm2Te4. Образцы системы, богатые GeTe, представляют собой компактные слитки блестяще-серого цвета, а сплавы, бо-гатые Sm2Te3 – спек черного цвета. Ликвидус системы Sm2Te3–GeTe состоит из трех ветвей: Sm2Te3, GeSm2Te4 и a-твердых растворов на основе GeTe. Рентгенофазовый анализ закристаллизованных образцов показал, что набор рентгеновских отражений соответствует фазам Sm2Te3, GeSm2Te4 и a-твердых растворов на основе GeTe. Установлено образование инконгруэнтно плавящегося соединения состава GeSm2Te4, которое может использоваться как термоэлектрический материал. На основе GeTe образуется узкая область твердого раствора   REFERENCES Kohri H., Shiota , Kato M., Ohsugi J., Goto T. Synthesis and Thermolelectric Properties of Bi2Te3–GeTe Pseudo Binary System. Advances in Science and Technology, 2006, v. 46, pp. 168-173. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientifi c.net/ST.46.168 Gelbstein Y., Dado B., Ben-Yehuda O., Sadia Y., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Highly effi cient Ge-Rich GexPb1-x Te thermoelectric alloys. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2010, v. 39(9), pp. 2049–2052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-1012-z Gelbstein Y., Davidow J., Girard S.N., Chung D. Y. and Kanatzidis M. Controlling Metallurgical Phase Separation Reactions of the Ge0.87 Pb0.13Te Alloy for High Thermoelectric Performance. Advanced Energy Materials, 2013, v. 3, pp. 815–820. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200970 Gelbstein Y., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Highly efficient bismuth telluride doped p-type Pb0.13Ge0.87Te for thermoelectric applications. Physical Status Solidi, 2007, v. 1(6), pp. 232–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.200701160 Gelbstein Y., Ben-Yehuda O., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Phase transitions of p-type (Pb,Sn,Ge)Tebased alloys for thermoelectric applica tions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2009, v. 311(18), pp. 4289–4292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0652-8 Gelbstein Y., Ben-Yehuda O., Pinhas E., et al. Thermoelectric properties of (Pb,Sn,Ge) Te-based alloys. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2009, v. 38(7), 1478–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0652-8 Li J., Chen Z., Zhang X., Sun Y., Yang J., Pei Y. Electronic origin of the high thermo- electric performance of GeTe among the p-type group IV monotellurides. NPG Asia Materials, 2017, v. 9, p. 353. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2017.8 Sante D. Di., Barone P., Bertacco R., Picozzi S. Electric control of the giant rashba effect in bulk GeTe. Advanced materials, 2013, v. 25(27), pp. 3625–3626. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201203199 Li J., Zhang X., Lin S., Chen Z., Pei Y. Realizing the high thermoelectric performance of GeTe by Sbdoping and Se-alloying. Mater., 2017, v. 29(2), pp. 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04066 Abrikosov N. Kh., Shelimova L. B. Poluprovodnikovye materialy na osnove soedineniy AIV BVI. [Semiconductor materials based on compounds АIV В]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975, 195 p. (in Russ.) Korzhuev M. A. Vliyaniye legirovaniya na parametric of GeTe. Series 6. [Effect of doping on GeTe Series 6]. Moscow, 1983, no. 6 (179), pp. 33–36. (in Russ.) Okoye I. Electronic and optical properties of SnTe and GeTe. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2002, 14(36), pp. 8625–8637. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/14/36/318 Gelbstein Y., Rosenberg Y., Sadia Y. and Dariel M. P. Thermoelectric properties evolution of spark plasma sintered (Ge0.6Pb0.3Sn0.1)Te following a spinodal decomposition. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2010, v. 114(30), pp. 13126–13131. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp103697s Rosenthal T., Schneider N., Stiewe C., Düblinger M., Oeckler O. Real Structure and thermoelectric properties of GeTe-rich germanium antimony tellurides. Mater., 2011, v. 23(19), pp. 4349–4356. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm201717z Li J., Chen Z., Zhang X., Yu H., Wu Z., Xie H., Chen Y., Pei Y. Simultaneous optimization of carrier concentration and alloy scattering for ultrahigh. Mater., 2017, v. 4(12), p. 341. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700341 Bletskan D. I. Phase equilibrium in the system AIV-BVI-part II: systems germanium-chalcogen. Journal of Ovonic Research, 2005, v. 1(5), p. 53–60. Li S. P., Li J. Q., Wang Q. B., Wang L., Liu F. S., Ao W. Q. Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of the (GeTe)1-x(PbTe)x alloys. Solid State Sciences, 2011, v. 13(2), pp. 399–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences. 2010.11.045 Gelbstein Y., Dado B., Ben-Yehuda O., Sadia Y., Dashevsky Z., Dariel M. P. High thermoelectric fi gure of merit and nanostructuring in bulk p-type Gex(SnyPb1–y)1–x Te alloys following a spinodal decomposition reaction. Chemistry of Materials, 2010, v. 22(3), pp. 1054–1058. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm902009t Yarembash E. I., Eliseev A. A. Khal’kogenidy redkozemel’nykh elementov: sintez i kristallokhimiya [Chalcogenides of rare-earth elements: synthesis and crystal chemistry]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975, p. 258. (in Russ.) Mukhtarova Z. M., Bakhtiyarly I. B., Azhdarova D. S. Politermicheskoye secheniye Ge0.80 Te0.20–Sm0.80 Te0.20. khim. zhurn., 2010, no. 4, pp. 144–146. Mukhtarova Z. M., Bakhtiyarly I. B., Azhdarova D. S. Issledovaniye politermicheskogo secheniye Ge0.84Te0.16–Sm5Ge2Te7 v troynoy sisteme Ge–Te–Sm. Aze-rb. khim. zhurn., 2011, no. 4, pp. 57–59.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agarwal ◽  
M. K. Singh ◽  
T. Kaneko ◽  
S.-I. Nagamatsu ◽  
T. Konishi ◽  
...  

We have synthesized nickel by means of pulsed laser ablation. A nickel disc was used for ablation with the focused output of fundamental harmonic from Nd:YAG laser. X-ray diffraction result shows that the synthesized nanoparticles are of pure metallic nickel with a face-centred cubic structure and the average particle size is 35 nm. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of pure nickel foil and the synthesized nanoparticles show similar structures. The position of the main peak is same in these nanoparticles with reference to the nickel foil. The only difference was observed in the reduction of the amplitude. The nearest-neighbour distance is similar as for pure nickel foil. The Debye–Waller factor is also similar. There is no trace of oxide and hydroxide in the EXAFS data, suggesting that the synthesized nanoparticles contain only nickel metal.


2012 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Sun ◽  
Wen Hao Fan ◽  
Shao Ping Chen ◽  
Yi Yun Li ◽  
Qing Sen Meng

Abstract. Ca3CO4O9/x wt.%SiO2 composites were prepared by using field-activated pressure-assisted synthesis(FAPAS) process. The effects of nano-SiO2 addition on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the Ca3CO4O9 were investigated. With an increasing of the of SiO2 content, the size of Ca3Co4O9 particles decreased. The Seebeck coefficient decreased after the doping of nano-SiO2. The electrical conductivity firstly increased and then decreased with increasing amount of nano-SiO2 and the highest value belong to the Ca3CO4O9/0.5 wt.% SiO2 - sample. With the highest electric conductivity and slightly decreased Seebeck coefficient, the Ca3CO4O9/0.5 wt.%SiO2-sample achieved the highest power factor of 0.349 mw/mk2 at 800 °C, which is 8% higher than the value of pure Ca3CO4O9 reported in the literature.


2004 ◽  
Vol 387-389 ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perusin ◽  
B. Viguier ◽  
J.C. Salabura ◽  
D. Oquab ◽  
E. Andrieu

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