Chairman's Opening Address

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
James Geikie

I have to congratulate the Society on the re-appointment to our Presidential Chair of Lord Kelvin, first of British Physicists. Five years ago, as you are aware, Lord Kelvin became President of the Royal Society of London, at the urgent request of that body. This is not the first time, I may remind you, that we have provided a President for the London Society. The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, as our body was known before it received the Royal Charter authorising it to assume its present designation, gave two Presidents to the Royal Society of London—namely, the Earl of Morton and Sir John Pringle, Bart.In his Address, delivered two years ago, our respected ex-President took note of some of the more important papers communicated to the Society during the immediately preceding Sessions. I think I can hardly do better than follow his example. But before making the attempt, I wish briefly to refer to the successful completion within the present year of a great national undertaking. I allude, of course, to the famous “Challenger” Expedition. Our Library has now received the two volumes of Summary of Results, with Appendices, which complete the Society's set of the fifty volumes of Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. These voluminous Reports form by far the largest contribution hitherto made to Marine Zoology. Indeed, their publication marks an epoch in this department of science.

On behalf of the organizers I should like to add our welcome to that of the President, and to say how gratified we are that this meeting has attracted such a large and distinguished gathering, representative of so many agricultural interests. I think it is not generally known that the Royal Society has a long history of direct interest in agricultural matters, for in 1662, when the Society received its Royal Charter, it appointed a special committee - the Committee for Agriculture, or the Georgicall Committee - which met for the first time in that year on 20 March. This is 311 years ago almost to the day. It is particularly interesting and significant to us meeting here today that the Society and its Committee showed a proper concern for agricultural practice and its national importance, as well, of course, as a keen interest in scientific matters. Furthermore, special measures were initiated to implement the Committee’s ideas and decisions through the members of the Society, and these measures embraced horticultural and forestry topics as well as those of agricultural pertinence.


1878 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 472-486
Author(s):  
Alexander Grant

Gentlemen,—I find it recorded that in the year 1662, which was the first year of the incorporation of the Royal Society of London, the celebrated mathematician, Robert Hooke, drew up “Proposals for the good of the Royal Society,” the third article of which was as follows :— “That every member of the Society shall be equally obliged to promote the ends thereof by paying 52s. yearly, and by doing some one duty that shall be charged on him by the Council once a year, or, if his occasions will not permit, to pay 52s. more per annum.’ This proposed salutary rule does not seem ever to have been enacted by the Royal Society of London, nor do I believe that any analogous article forms part of the statutes of this Society, and yet it is in accordance with the spirit of such a rule that I appear before you this evening.


1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cotter

John Hadley (1670–1744), Vice-President of the Royal Society of London, communicated his ‘Description of a new Instrument for taking Angles’ to the Society on 13 May 1731. Hadley's invention for the first time provided the navigator with an instrument by which he could measure altitudes of celestial bodies with ease and accuracy on board a lively ship at sea. It was not however until about 1750, when the instrument was to be found on board vessels of the East India Company, that Hadley's quadrant (or octant as it is sometimes called) rapidly came into general use.


1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cotter

The year 1971 marked the first centenary of the publication of a paper on navigation which appeared in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in which the author, Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) described a new method of determining an astronomical position line. The method was impracticable and was not, therefore, adopted by practical seamen. Nevertheless, its design is ingenious and interesting, and an investigation of its principles adds lustre to the genius of its inventor—reputedly one of the most eminent philosophers of the nineteenth century. Although the method failed in the eyes of the mariners for whom it was intended, Thomson sparked off an interest in short-method tables which has persisted even to the present day.


1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
F. Radler de Aquino

The position of a point on the surface will then be expressed by two spherical coordinates: namely, ist, the distance of the point from the primitive circle measured on a secondary; 2nd, the distance intercepted on the primitive circle between this secondary and some given point of the primitive circle assumed as the origin of coordinates.—William Chauvenet,Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy(1896).On 16 May 1870, exactly eighty years before this paper was written, Lord Kelvin, then Sir William Thomson, worked out an epoch-making example of how to find the hour angle and azimuth of a heavenly body by inspection, in order to facilitate the use of Captain Thomas Sumner's method at sea. His work was published one year later in theProceedings of the Royal Society, and in it he describes a page of his new Tables for Facilitating Sumner's Method at Sea. These tables, comprising nine pages, were made public on 11 November 1875 and were published in London in May of the following year; from them have been derived all modern navigation tables based on right-angled spherical triangles. Kelvin then used, for the first time, Greenwich hour angle in arc and assumed latitudes and longitudes. (The writer has himself used G.H.A. in arc since 1902 and assumed positions since 1908.)


Author(s):  
Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia

The next Franco-Spanish objective was Jamaica. The biggest and richest of the sugar islands, a crucial resource for the British Treasury with a white population completely loyal to the Crown. The joint forces for the invasion were to be gathered in Guarico, today’s Haiti, but the complex preparations and coordination between the two allies kept delaying their departure. When a French fleet under the command of the Count de Grasse was on its way to the rendezvous with the Spanish forces, it was defeated by Admiral Sir George Rodney (Battle of the Saints, April 1782), and the invasion had to be postponed. In the end, an armistice was agreed before the planned attack took place. Bernardo de Gálvez returned and his family travelled for the first time to Spain in September 1783. In Madrid he was frequently consulted on North American affairs and while he waited for his next assignment he became interested in the military applications of hot-air balloons, to the point of conducting an experiment recorded in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. In late 1785, Gálvez was appointed Cuba’s Governor, but with the death of his father, who was New Spain’s viceroy, he was appointed as his successor.


2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
David Boyd Haycock

This short paper examines the presidency of Martin Folkes (1690–1754) and the events surrounding the incorporation of the Society by a Royal Charter from George II in 1751. Folkes was also president of the Royal Society of London, and a small number of Antiquaries feared that incorporation was a plot hatched by ‘a few designing members’ either to line their own pockets or to subsume their society into its older, wealthier rival. Folkes in turn was a controversial figure, renowned f or his irreligious beliefs and satirized for his poor government of the Royal Society.


Gentlemen, I regret extremely that my absence from England will prevent my having the honour and pleasure of meeting you at the Anniversary of the Royal Society. The Council will therefore perform the duty, which would otherwise have fallen on me, of adverting to the con­tinued prosperity of our Society, to the losses which it has, however, undergone in the course of nature, and to the adjudication of our Medals. This duty I am sure that they will perform better than I could do, so that, in that point of view, you will be no losers ; the loss of a great pleasure in meeting so many scientific friends will fall on myself ; but I look forward to the spring, when I hope again to meet you, both in my own house and at our ordinary weekly Meetings. Meanwhile the Royal Society has, as it ever will have, my most earnest wishes for its prosperity and its success, in carrying forward the great object for which it was established—the increase of human knowledge in every department of physical science. The Vice-President in the Chair informed the Meeting that the Council had voted the following Address to Her Majesty the Queen :— “ To the Queen's most Excellent Majesty . “ The humble Address of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for improving Natural Knowledge.


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