The ‘Universal’ Sea and Air Navigation Tables and the a and b Almanac

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
F. Radler de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Spherical Coordinates ◽  
Heavenly Body ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Spherical Triangles ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
First Time

The position of a point on the surface will then be expressed by two spherical coordinates: namely, ist, the distance of the point from the primitive circle measured on a secondary; 2nd, the distance intercepted on the primitive circle between this secondary and some given point of the primitive circle assumed as the origin of coordinates.—William Chauvenet,Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy(1896).On 16 May 1870, exactly eighty years before this paper was written, Lord Kelvin, then Sir William Thomson, worked out an epoch-making example of how to find the hour angle and azimuth of a heavenly body by inspection, in order to facilitate the use of Captain Thomas Sumner's method at sea. His work was published one year later in theProceedings of the Royal Society, and in it he describes a page of his new Tables for Facilitating Sumner's Method at Sea. These tables, comprising nine pages, were made public on 11 November 1875 and were published in London in May of the following year; from them have been derived all modern navigation tables based on right-angled spherical triangles. Kelvin then used, for the first time, Greenwich hour angle in arc and assumed latitudes and longitudes. (The writer has himself used G.H.A. in arc since 1902 and assumed positions since 1908.)

Sir William Thomson and the Intercept Method

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
New Method ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
Short Method ◽  
Royal Society Of London

The year 1971 marked the first centenary of the publication of a paper on navigation which appeared in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in which the author, Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) described a new method of determining an astronomical position line. The method was impracticable and was not, therefore, adopted by practical seamen. Nevertheless, its design is ingenious and interesting, and an investigation of its principles adds lustre to the genius of its inventor—reputedly one of the most eminent philosophers of the nineteenth century. Although the method failed in the eyes of the mariners for whom it was intended, Thomson sparked off an interest in short-method tables which has persisted even to the present day.

scholarly journals The formation of ice and the grained structure of glaciers

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (512) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
James Thomson ◽  
Lord Kelvin

In the following pages I have the honour to lay before the Royal Society the results of a lengthy research on the formation of ice and the grained structure of glaciers, which may serve as a complement to the previous investigations on the same subject published in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ and ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society by Forbes, Tyndall and Huxley, Tyndall, Faraday, T. Graham, J. F. Main, J. C. McConnel and D. A. Kidd, and elsewhere by Guyot, Agassiz, James Thomson, and Sir William Thomson (now Lord Kelvin), Hermann and Adolf Schlagintweit, Person, Leydolt, Rüdorff, Bertin, Grad and A. Dupré, Moseley, A. Heim, J. T. Bottomley, K. R Koch and Klocke, Forel, Ed. Hagenbach-Bischoff, E. von Drygalski, Mügge, H. Hess and others. 1. It will be convenient at the outset to define the precise meaning with which it is proposed to employ certain words, some of which are in vague popular use, while others are less familiar or new.

scholarly journals The Conception and Development of Weir's Diagram

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Spherical Trigonometry ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lord Kelvin

Just a century ago, in 1876, Patrick Weir, an officer of a vessel trading between London and Australia, conceived the idea of a diagram that might facilitate finding the Sun's true azimuth for the purpose of checking the magnetic compass. Some thirteen, years later Captain Weir's Diagram was the subject of a paper communicated by Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper Weir outlined the train of reasoning by which he succeeded in constructing a novel diagram which was described by Professor P. G. Tait as ‘a singularly elegant construction which, not only puts in a new and attractive light one of the most awkward of the problems of spherical trigonometry, but it practically gives in a single-page diagram the whole content of the two volumes of Burdwood's Azimuth Tables’. Tait also remarked that the method supplied an interesting graphical plane construction of a function of three independent variables.

Chairman's Opening Address

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
James Geikie
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Royal Charter ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Opening Address ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Royal Society Of London

I have to congratulate the Society on the re-appointment to our Presidential Chair of Lord Kelvin, first of British Physicists. Five years ago, as you are aware, Lord Kelvin became President of the Royal Society of London, at the urgent request of that body. This is not the first time, I may remind you, that we have provided a President for the London Society. The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, as our body was known before it received the Royal Charter authorising it to assume its present designation, gave two Presidents to the Royal Society of London—namely, the Earl of Morton and Sir John Pringle, Bart.In his Address, delivered two years ago, our respected ex-President took note of some of the more important papers communicated to the Society during the immediately preceding Sessions. I think I can hardly do better than follow his example. But before making the attempt, I wish briefly to refer to the successful completion within the present year of a great national undertaking. I allude, of course, to the famous “Challenger” Expedition. Our Library has now received the two volumes of Summary of Results, with Appendices, which complete the Society's set of the fifty volumes of Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. These voluminous Reports form by far the largest contribution hitherto made to Marine Zoology. Indeed, their publication marks an epoch in this department of science.

A letter by William Thomson, F. R. S., on the ‘Thomson effect’

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conduction ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Public University ◽  
The State ◽  
Thomson Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
University Library ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Lord Kelvin

Of two letters written by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) to the Genevese physicist Auguste de la Rive (1801-1873, For. Mem. R.S.) which are preserved in the public University Library of Geneva, one is of distinct interest. This letter (M.S. 2319), written on 17 December 1856, throws sidelights on the discovery of the ‘Thomson Effect’ (originally described in his paper to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1851) and on the state of his thought about the nature of the mobile element involved in electrical conduction.

Lord Kelvin and His Compass

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Unpublished Paper ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Obituary Notice ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
Patent Design

It is now more than thirty years since Commander W. E. May, R.N. (formerly of the Admiralty Compass Observatory), drafted this hitherto unpublished paper, recording his opinions based on a study of documents made available to him in 1947 by Messrs Kelvin, Bottomley and Baird. The documents referred to in the paper are:The Thomson v. Moore case as presented to the House of Lords in the Thomson v. Moore case (Patent Design and Trade Mark Cases, Vol. VII, No. 36.)The case of Thomson v. Hughes (Patent Design and Trade Mark Cases, Vol. VII, Nos. 9 and 22.)Report of Proof of case of Kelvin v. Whyte Thomson &. Co.Bound volume of patent specifications referred to in the last named.It is a curious habit of editors and publishers to invite well-known persons to write articles on subjects outside their normal orbit. Thus in 1874 Sir William Thomson was invited to write for Good Words an article on the mariner's compass. He took up the task and soon realized that he did not know enough of the subject to complete the article. He then began to study the compass and the final part of the article was published in 1879. Such is one of Lord Kelvin's explanations of how he came to interest himself. In 1885, in an affidavit for the Moore case, he said that he took up the study of the compass in 1871, whilst elsewhere he said that it was the necessity of writing for the Royal Society an obituary notice on Archibald Smith, who died in 1872, which first turned his attention to compasses.

Edward Heron-Allen FRS (1861–1943): a review of his scientific career, with an annotated bibliography of his foraminiferal publications

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hodgkinson ◽  
John E. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
History Museum ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: In spite of his many other interests, Edward Heron-Allen also worked for nearly 50 years as a scientist on minute shelled protists, called foraminifera, much of it in an unpaid, unofficial capacity at The Natural History Museum, London, and notably in collaboration with Arthur Earland. During this career he published more than 70 papers and obtained several fellowships, culminating in 1919 in his election to the Royal Society. Subsequently, he bequeathed his foraminiferal collections and fine library to the Museum, and both are housed today in a room named in his honour. In this paper, for the first time, an assessment of his scientific accomplishments is given, together with a full annotated bibliography of his publications held in the Heron-Allen Library. This is part of a project to produce a bibliography of his complete publications, recently initiated by the Heron-Allen Society.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

Heart Transplantation for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Disease: A Comparison of Two Eras over 23 Years and 188 Transplants at a Single Institution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Genevieve C. Tuite ◽  
James A. Quintessenza ◽  
Alfred Asante-Korang ◽  
Sharon R. Ghazarian ◽  
Bethany L. Wisotzkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agent ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
One Year ◽  
Patterns Of Practice ◽  
First Time

Background: To assess changes in patterns of practice and outcomes over time, we reviewed all patients who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our institution and compared two consecutive eras with significantly different immunosuppressive protocols (cohort 1 [80 HTx, June 1995-June 2006]; cohort 2 [108 HTx, July 2006-September 2018]). Methods: Retrospective study of 180 patients undergoing 188 HTx (June 1995-September 2018; 176 first time HTx, 10 second HTx, and 2 third HTx). In 2006, we commenced pre-HTx desensitization for highly sensitized patients and started using tacrolimus as our primary postoperative immunosuppressive agent. The primary outcome was mortality. Survival was modeled by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were created to identify prognostic factors for survival. Results: Our 188 HTx included 18 neonates, 85 infants, 83 children, and 2 adults (>18 years). Median age was 260.0 days (range: 5 days-23.8 years). Median weight was 7.5 kg (range: 2.2-113 kg). Patients in cohort 1 were less likely to have been immunosensitized preoperatively (12.5% vs 28.7%, P = .017). Nevertheless, Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested superior survival in cohort 2 ( P = .0045). Patients in cohort 2 were more likely to be alive one year, five years, and ten years after HTx. Multivariable analysis identified the earlier era (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval] for recent era = 0.32 [0.14-0.73]), transplantation after prior Norwood operation (HR = 4.44 [1.46-13.46]), and number of prior cardiac operations (HR = 1.33 [1.03-1.71]) as risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Our analysis of 23 years of pediatric and congenital HTx reveals superior survival in the most recent 12-year era, despite the higher proportion of patients with elevated panel reactive antibody in the most recent era. This improvement was temporally associated with changes in our immunosuppressive strategy.

The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

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