The Coast Guard's Differential GPS Programme

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Alsip ◽  
J. M. Butler ◽  
J. T. Radice
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
System Service ◽  
The Us ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Navigation Accuracy

The US Coast Guard has a project to provide a differential global positioning system service for harbour and harbour approach (HHA) areas of the coastal United States. The Great Lakes, Puerto Rico and most of Alaska and Hawaii will also be covered by the service. The Coast Guard's DGPS system will fulfil the 8–20 metre navigation accuracy requirement for HHA with an availability of up to 999 percent. The Coast Guard intends to provide this service to the general public and other government agencies, as well as use the system for its own missions. This capability is expected to enhance maritime safety in keeping with the National Transportation Policy by providing an all-weather radionavigation service to supplement existing radar and visual techniques, as well as a highly accurate position sensor for future electronic chart displays. This paper describes the Coast Guard's programme. Background and historical information on the development of pseudorange differential GPS is presented first, followed by a description of currently available technology. Various aspects of the Coast Guard's plan for implementing DGPS are then described, concluding with a rough project time line and a statement concerning Federal DGPS policy.

Electronic Charts for Oceangoing Vessels

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin G. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Blind Navigation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
Data Files

It is probable that Congress will require oceangoing ships in US ports to use Differential GPS (DGPS) and electronic charts once DGPS is available on all coasts of the US, which is currently scheduled for completion by the end of 1996. The type of electronic chart currently envisaged, the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) under development by the IMO & IHO, is unsuitable for those ports which are entered through long dredged channels – a category that includes Houston, Gramercy and New Orleans, the three ports which handled the most foreign tonnage in 1991. A different type of electronic chart has been in daily use in such channels, with microwave positioning, since 1984; the combination of DGPS with such a software package has been called an Electronic Navigation System (ENS) and differs from ECDIS in that the ENS is designed to supplement the published chart, not replace it. The paper suggests that the utility of ECDIS would be enhanced if its specifications were modified to allow the entry of the data files used by the ENS, thus giving ECDIS a similar capability for blind navigation in confined waters. Standardization of the current data format would also permit alternative versions of ENS to be developed.

scholarly journals Further Examination of the Market Valuation of Environmental Capital Expenditures by Pulp and Paper Companies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Perry Warren Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Us ◽  
Best Available Technology ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Environmental Capital

In this study I use the US pulp and paper industry to explore the equity market’s valuation of environmental capital expenditures. I replicate and extend a study by Clarkson, Li, and Richardson that bifurcates the industry into high and low polluting groups. As with their study, I find evidence indicating that the market values environmental capital expenditures by over-compliant firms while attaching no such value to the same expenditures by minimally compliant firms. I do not find that the market assesses unrecorded liabilities to firms that are minimally compliant. My extension also seeks to address two possible specification issues in the Clarkson, et. Al. approach.  The first, levels model they used is unbiased but inefficient.  Their model scaled by common shares outstanding attempts to rectify this inefficiency but may not be the optimal choice of scaling variable. My results suggest that a “Best Available Technology” approach to environmental regulation may carry additional incentives provided by the capital markets.

Float Your Boat - Norway. School students, small wooden boats and marine research in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil Lygre ◽  
Bjørnar Hallaråker Røsvik ◽  
Espen Storheim ◽  
David Forcucci ◽  
Ignatius Rigor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
School Students ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
The Us

<p>This communication project aims to increase our understanding of climate processes, the Arctic and the importance of research through the active involvement of primary to junior high school students. The project is based on NERSC's ongoing activity in the Arctic Sea, collaborating with several projects and utilizing a concept introduced by the US Coast Guard. Students of four primary schools in western Norway produced a total of 230 small wooden boats.  Together with a comparable number of boats produced by US students they were subsequently launched on the ice in the Arctic Ocean by the coast guard ship KV Svalbard in August and November 2020 as part of scientific cruises. Scientific buoys were also launched, transmitting their position and surface temperature. Through a dedicated web-site students and teachers could follow the drift in near real time. Boats are uniquely branded with a web address, so they may be reported if found after drifting ashore.</p><p>The project website serves both as a communication hub between scientists and students and teachers and to reach out to a wider audience. Several films were produced in this regard. Webinars were held by NERSC scientists on climate and ocean science topics and crew members from K/V Svalbard on work and life onboard a coast guard vessel. Feedback from the teachers will also be presented.</p>

Oceanic Historiography: The American Dimension

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Henry Flayhart m
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
World War One ◽  
General Reference ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Age Of Discovery

This essay lists and analyses vital works concerning American Oceanic history in order to encourage the continued research and publication of American maritime history. Works discussed include those relating to categories such as Bibliographies and Works of General Reference; Monographs; Seapower; Age of Discovery in America; American Maritime Expansion; European Maritime History; Pacific Maritime History; Colonial America; US Inland Lakes and Waterways; American Regional Studies; American Maritime Law; American Naval History; American Revolutionary War; American Civil War; World War One and Two; the US Merchant Marine; American Shipbuilding Industry; Shipwreck and Maritime Archaeology; US Coast Guard; US ports; US Fishing, Whaling and Hunting; US Social History; and Recreation and Sport in the US.

AIR TRANSPORTATION POLICY FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES: LESSONS FROM THE U.S. EXPERIENCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alda Metrass-Mendes ◽  
Richard De Neufville
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Airline Deregulation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Air Carriers ◽  
The U.S

The last decades have witnessed a global trend toward airline deregulation, which has significant impacts on national policies regarding air accessibility to smaller communities. One important result of this liberalisation is that carriers are no longer constrained to serve routes, and may thus neglect service to less profitable destinations with lower traffic. Economic deregulation can therefore have detrimental effects on smaller communities. The United States has dealt with this issue through its Essential Air Service program. Its experience suggests lessons for other countries. U.S. policies have been reasonably successful in sustaining basic air service to smaller communities over the past thirty years of deregulation. Moreover, they have done so relatively effectively and efficiently. A large-scale analysis of the U.S. experience, and three case studies of the communities of Columbia and Jefferson City (Missouri), Rutland (Vermont), and Merced (California) demonstrate this phenomenon. The results show overall gains in efficiency, mostly attributable to the US policy of encouraging competition between air carriers seeking to provide service to small communities. The major flaw in the U.S. arrangements seems to be that the policies have not kept up with changing conditions since deregulation in 1978.

Fit to Lead: Prediction of Success in a Military Academy through Use of Personality Profile

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Stevens ◽  
Alyce Hemstreet ◽  
Sheldon Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Senior Author ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
First Semester ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Incoming Students ◽  
Predictive Research

The US Coast Guard Academy provides a unique setting for predictive research using psychological tests. Not only is it a “closed” setting, but all incoming students (“swabs”) take a battery of tests in the summer before their first semester. Although the senior author and her colleagues had succeeded in isolating variables that differentiate cadets who successfully complete the program from those who drop out, the current study was an attempt to use the profile data to make specific predictions concerning completion vs attrition by use of a discriminant analysis. The relative ineffectiveness of personality scales, even after considerable refinement of the variables, to predict this specific outcome is an indication of the complexity of the decision making.

Fire Resistant Booms Tested in Flames at Ohmsett

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Buist ◽  
Steve Potter ◽  
Joe Mullin ◽  
Jim Lane ◽  
Dave Devitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Total Heat Flux ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Screening Protocol

ABSTRACT An enhanced propane underwater bubbler system designed to allow the testing of fire-resistant booms in flames was installed at Ohmsett in the fall of 1998 by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and the US Navy Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV). The test is based on a screening protocol for testing fire resistant booms in waves and flames developed for MMS and the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG). The cornerstone of the test is an underwater bubbler system to create air-enhanced propane flames that produce an average total heat flux to the surface of a candidate containment system in the range of 110 to 130 kW/m2 and flame temperatures near the containment device on the order of 900°C. The candidate boom is stretched over the center of the bubbler, parallel to the long dimensions of the test tank, and tensioned to realistic towing forces. The fire exposure portion of the test involves three cycles of one hour of exposure to air-enhanced propane flames in waves, followed by a one-hour cool-down period in waves alone, and conforms to ASTM F 2152-01. Since the air-enhanced propane system was developed, 11 fire resistant boom systems have been tested. These include: three refractory fabric booms, one stainless steel boom, three water-cooled blanket prototypes, three reflective/insulating blanket prototypes, and one water-cooled boom. This paper summarizes the test methods used and the results.

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