An Eighteenth Century Voyage

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. H. Clissold
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Stuart England ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Interesting Account

A recently discovered ‘Navigational Notebook’ contains an interesting account of day-to-day navigation during the early part of the eighteenth century. The document was brought to light by Mr. J. R. Timms, a student at the School of Navigation of Southampton University, whose father discovered it in a bank at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, its depositor long deceased and no longer known or traceable. The date of the manuscript is uncertain but references to John Robertson's Elements of Navigation and Archibald Patoun's Epitome seem to place it after 1730. However the account of actual navigation is given in the journal of a voyage, in 1704, from the Lizard to Madeira, which is reproduced in the Notebook. It seems likely that the author, John Wilson, eventually came ashore as an instructor in navigation (and probably mathematics) and copied out the journal from one of his earlier voyages for the benefit of his pupils. Whether this is a later work by the John Wilson referred to in E. G. R. Taylor's The Mathematical Practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England is not clear.

Saints of Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Religious Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Depth Analysis

Saints of Resistance is the first non-religious study focused on the dynamic life of saints and their devotees in the Spanish Philippines from the sixteenth through the early part of the eighteenth century. It offers an in-depth analysis of the origins and development of the beliefs and rituals surrounding some of the most popular saints in the Philippines during the period of early Spanish rule, namely, Santo Niño de Cebu, Our Lady of Caysasay, Our Lady of the Rosary La Naval, and Our Lady of Antipolo. This study recovers the voices of colonized Philippine subjects as well as those of Spaniards who, through veneration of miraculous saints, projected and relieved their grievances, anxieties, and histories of communal suffering. Based on critical readings of primary sources, it traces how individuals and their communities refashioned iconographic devotions to the Holy Child and to Mary by often introducing non-Catholic elements to their cults, derived from pre-Hispanic, animistic, or Chinese traditions. This book ultimately reveals how Philippine natives, Chinese migrants, and Spaniards reshaped the imported devotions as expressions of dissidence, resistance, and survival.

Continuity and Intuition in Eighteenth-Century Analysis and in Kant

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Analysis ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the status of geometrical and kinematic representations in the foundations of 18th century analysis and in Kant’s understanding of those foundations. It has two aims. First, relying on relatively recent reassessments of the history of analysis, it will attempt to bring forward a more accurate account of intuitive representation in 18th century analysis and the relation between British and Continental mathematics. Second, it will give a better account of Kant’s place in that history. The result shows that although Kant did no better at navigating the labyrinth of the continuum than his contemporaries, he had a more interesting and reasonable account of the foundations of analysis than an easy reading of either Kant or that history provides. It also permits a more accurate and interesting account of how and when a conception of foundations of analysis without intuitive representations emerged, and how that paved the way for Bolzano and Cauchy.

scholarly journals A Collection of Business Papers From Eighteenth-Century Leeds

1938 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
The University

Through the kindness of Professor Herbert Heaton of the University of Minnesota the editor has learned of a valuable set of business papers recently found in Leeds, England. The Yorkshire Post of March 25, 1938, tells of the discovery of the papers of John Wilson & Sons, of Leeds, which date from the middle of the eighteenth century. This collection, according to the Post, consists of “nearly 200 volumes, comprising day books, cash books, company ledgers, district ledgers, inventories, stock books, warehouse and delivery books, and others of a miscellaneous character.” The papers have been placed in the municipal Reference Library of Leeds.

Notes on Don Juan of Persia's Account of Georgia

1930 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
W. E. D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
French Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persian War ◽  
Interesting Account

In one of the recently published volumes of the Broadway Travellers Series (Don Juan of Persia; a Shi'ah Catholic, 1560—1604, translated and edited with an introduction by G. Le Strange) is an interesting account of Georgia and of some of the events of the Turko- Persian War which endured between the years 1578 and 1587. The Persian account throws much light on the state of Georgia at the end of the sixteenth century, and it serves as a valuable supplement to von Hammer Purgstall's history of the war, based mainly on Turkish sources, and published as books 38 and 40 of his Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman (in Vol. viii of the French edition).Neither the historian of Turkey nor the editor of Don Juan appear to have made use of the material from Georgian sources which is available for this period, namely the provincial histories of Kartli, Samtzkhé, Kakheti and Imereti collated by Prince Wakhusht of Kartli during the eighteenth century, and published by Brosset in his Histoire de la Géorgie, 2ième partie, 1iere livraison, Spb. 1856.

scholarly journals The officers of the Society (1662-1860)

1940 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Current Business

A well-planned administration is indispensable for any new institution if it is to deal with its finances and membership, to record the communications received and to register correspondence with other bodies of like interests efficiently. With aims so wide in scope as the ‘Improvement of Natural Knowledge’ the amount of routine work was bound to be large even in the Society’s early days and to increase rapidly, but the provision of an adequate administrative staff to deal with it was for a good many years more than the Royal Society’s meagre resources could afford. Its officers as well as the salaried staff were overworked, and it was not until the early part of the eighteenth century that a satisfactory system had been gradually developed. For two centuries the Fellowship consisted for the greater part of men who had no scientific knowledge nor any real interest in the advancement of science so that for many years, in fact until after 1847, nearly two-thirds of the members of the Council belonged to this group. It was left for the most part to the officers, if they were scientific men, to see that the claims of science were not overlooked. In the Charters it is laid down that the President, the Treasurer and the two Secretaries are the Officers of the Society, and that they are to be elected by the Fellows at each Anniversary Meeting when the Council for the coming twelve-month is chosen. To them is entrusted the execution of the Society’s policy and such action as may be decided upon by the Council from time to time, or by the Fellows at their meetings. They had therefore to keep in close touch with the current business of the Society, to report upon it to the Council and to assist that body in arriving at their decisions. The Council might delegate to them power to deal with various matters, and occasions arose from time to time when they had to act to the best of their own judgment, reporting to the Council at its next meeting how such situations had been dealt with.

Mahometan/Muslim: The Chronotope of the Oriental Tale

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-52
Author(s):  
Maryam Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Ancient Time ◽  
Antoine Galland ◽  
Oriental Tale ◽  
Literary Trend

This chapter argues that we read the literary trend for the oriental tale that overtook England in the early part of the eighteenth century as one that extended beyond the metropolis. An essential element of the oriental tale, whether Antoine Galland and Grub Street’s Arabian Nights’ Entertainments or Francois de la Croix’s Turkish Tales, is the chronotope of the Mahometan—the imagined counterpart of the Ottoman or Mughal Muslim kings—a that figure defies Enlightenment modalities of ancient time and geographic origin. A ubiquitous figure in the English oriental tale, the Mahometan is constructed as a homeless potentate, a traveling merchant, an itinerant dervish, and a wanderer.

Darkening Heavens and a New World

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Western Economy ◽  
New Churches ◽  
End Times ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

As the Western economy grew and industrialized, society came to rely less directly on agriculture and the vagaries of the seasons. This is illustrated by tracing a series of major climatic disturbances from the late eighteenth century onward and showing how those natural factors lost much of their impact. In the early part of that era, beginning in the 1780s, volcanic eruptions contributed to an alarming era of climate disruption, and the Tambora blast in particular (1815) sparked new churches and denominations teaching apocalyptic and millenarian doctrines, with dreams of the end times. But as we proceed deeper into the nineteenth century, much of Western humanity, at least, felt ever more detached from the direct impact of climate.

The Concept of Opposition in Early Stuart England

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zaller
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Stuart England ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Revolution

To Clarendon, the English Civil War was an exercise in folly, pride, and the tragic corruption of the species. Since then, many a thesis has been advanced to explain the Great Rebellion, only to fall before fresh generations of skeptics, each demolishing a predecessor's orthodoxy to set up their own. But old notions die hard. They linger in the words and concepts that once expressed them, which remain impregnated with the old meaning even when the nominal definitions have changed. Such a concept is that of the “Opposition” in early Stuart England. Its history is virtually coextensive with the historiography of the English Revolution, and it remains today at the center of the debate on the origins and meaning of the Revolution.The concept of an Opposition in prerevolutionary England can be traced back to the eighteenth century. David Hume, writing of the 1620s, saw party conflict as an inherent and fundamentally progressive element in the clash between privilege and prerogative. The “wise and moderate,” he asserted, “regarded the very rise of parties as a happy prognostic of the establishment of liberty.” Here already is the germ of the Whig interpretation, which emerges full-blown a century later in Macaulay: [W]hen, in October of 1641, the Parliament reassembled after a short recess, two hostile parties, essentially the same with those which, under different names, have ever since contended, and are still contending, for the direction of public affairs, appeared confronting each other. During some years they were designated as Cavaliers and Roundheads. They were subsequently called Tories and Whigs; nor does it seem that these appellations are likely soon to become obsolete.

Serbs, Magyars, and Staatsinteresse in Eighteenth Century Austria: A Study in the History of Habsburg Administration

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Permanent Residents

The Serbs occupied a unique position among the nations living in the Habsburg empire in the eighteenth century. They were the only Orthodox Christians who had full religious equality, and collectively they enjoyed the advantages of a privileged and autonomous group. Beginning in the early part of the eighteenth century, when it gradually became apparent that the Serbs would be integrated into the monarchy as permanent residents rather than as temporary refugees and allies, the special status of the Serbs posed difficult problems for the Habsburg government. The Magyar authorities, the central government offices in Vienna, and the Serbs themselves became involved in recurrent struggles within the bureaucracy as each faction continually maneuvered to gain advantages for its position.

scholarly journals XXIII. On the sources of the nitrogen of vegetation; with special reference to the question whether plants assimilate free or uncombined nitrogen

1861 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 431-577 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Vegetable Growth ◽  
Good Account ◽  
Material Things

The facts at the present time generally accepted regarding the ultimate composition, and the sources of the constituents, of plants, have, for the most part, received their preponderating weight of proof within the limits of the present century. But it is to the century preceding it that we must look for the establishment of much that was essential as the foundation of those advances which have since been made. Whatever may be the value at present attached to the particular views of Hales regarding the composition and the sources of vegetable matter, we must accord to his labours, in the early part of the eighteenth century, the merit of having been guided by a proper spirit of experimental inquiry. Nor did he fail in applying to good account, and even in extending, the then existing knowledge of the material things around him which were apparently involved in the mysterious processes of vegetable growth.

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