Mahometan/Muslim: The Chronotope of the Oriental Tale

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-52
Author(s):  
Maryam Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Ancient Time ◽  
Antoine Galland ◽  
Oriental Tale ◽  
Literary Trend

This chapter argues that we read the literary trend for the oriental tale that overtook England in the early part of the eighteenth century as one that extended beyond the metropolis. An essential element of the oriental tale, whether Antoine Galland and Grub Street’s Arabian Nights’ Entertainments or Francois de la Croix’s Turkish Tales, is the chronotope of the Mahometan—the imagined counterpart of the Ottoman or Mughal Muslim kings—a that figure defies Enlightenment modalities of ancient time and geographic origin. A ubiquitous figure in the English oriental tale, the Mahometan is constructed as a homeless potentate, a traveling merchant, an itinerant dervish, and a wanderer.

Prose Fiction and English Interest in the Near East, 1775–1825

PMLA ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-836
Author(s):  
Wallace Cable Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Near East ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
Oriental Tale

One of the most important literary manifestations of that direct interest in the Near East which travellers and travel books created, appears in English prose fiction of the early nineteenth century. The prose fiction thus supplements the Near East poetry of Byron, Moore, Southey, and numerous minor versifiers as well as the travel books themselves, which may be considered a kind of minor literature. Throughout the first half of the eighteenth century English readers had shown considerable interest in the Near East, particularly in the oriental tale; yet this interest was almost wholly indirect—the product of French accounts or French translations of the Arabian Nights. It was not until the last quarter of the century that new developments brought “the Orient much nearer to England than ever before … In letters, this modern spirit was first expressed by the increased number of travelers' accounts.”

The Rape of Gulliver: Case Study of a Source

PMLA ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Antoine Galland ◽  
The Erotic

AbstractThe first translator of the Arabian Nights (Paris, 1704-17) was Antoine Galland. Almost immediately translated into English, Galland's popular collection remained the only version of the Nights known in Europe throughout the century. Convinced that Swift had read it, twentieth-century scholars Pietro Toldo and William A. Eddy show that the tale “Hassân-al-Bassri” was a source for Brobdingnag; the passages they quote come from the modern French translation of J. C. Mardrus, and bear a great similarity to Gulliver's second voyage. Swift, however, could not have known “Hassân” for it is omitted by Galland. Because of the differences between Galland's Nights and later versions, studies in eighteenth-century source criticism must work with early texts. Curiously, of all versions of “Hassan” only Mardrus relates the episode in question, which may explain why his translation is anathematized by Arabists as distorting the erotic content of the original. Recent inquiry also discloses that the episode is missing in known Arabic sources. It is almost certain that Mardrus fabricated the passages cited by Toldo and Eddy; it may even be argued that he plagiarized Swift.

Saints of Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Religious Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Depth Analysis

Saints of Resistance is the first non-religious study focused on the dynamic life of saints and their devotees in the Spanish Philippines from the sixteenth through the early part of the eighteenth century. It offers an in-depth analysis of the origins and development of the beliefs and rituals surrounding some of the most popular saints in the Philippines during the period of early Spanish rule, namely, Santo Niño de Cebu, Our Lady of Caysasay, Our Lady of the Rosary La Naval, and Our Lady of Antipolo. This study recovers the voices of colonized Philippine subjects as well as those of Spaniards who, through veneration of miraculous saints, projected and relieved their grievances, anxieties, and histories of communal suffering. Based on critical readings of primary sources, it traces how individuals and their communities refashioned iconographic devotions to the Holy Child and to Mary by often introducing non-Catholic elements to their cults, derived from pre-Hispanic, animistic, or Chinese traditions. This book ultimately reveals how Philippine natives, Chinese migrants, and Spaniards reshaped the imported devotions as expressions of dissidence, resistance, and survival.

An Eighteenth Century Voyage

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. H. Clissold
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Stuart England ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Interesting Account

A recently discovered ‘Navigational Notebook’ contains an interesting account of day-to-day navigation during the early part of the eighteenth century. The document was brought to light by Mr. J. R. Timms, a student at the School of Navigation of Southampton University, whose father discovered it in a bank at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, its depositor long deceased and no longer known or traceable. The date of the manuscript is uncertain but references to John Robertson's Elements of Navigation and Archibald Patoun's Epitome seem to place it after 1730. However the account of actual navigation is given in the journal of a voyage, in 1704, from the Lizard to Madeira, which is reproduced in the Notebook. It seems likely that the author, John Wilson, eventually came ashore as an instructor in navigation (and probably mathematics) and copied out the journal from one of his earlier voyages for the benefit of his pupils. Whether this is a later work by the John Wilson referred to in E. G. R. Taylor's The Mathematical Practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England is not clear.

Indexing of Folk and Oral Literature in the Islamdominated Cultural Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Heda Jason
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Folk Literature

Galland's translation of the Arabian Nights in the eighteenth century brought to the wider European readership an awareness of the wealth of written folk literature of medieval provenance in the Near and Middle East. During the Romantic movement, popular translations or rewritings from Arabic, Turkish and Persian medieval folk literatures proliferated (see Appendix 1 below, Chauvin, no. 6; Marzolph, no. 10).

scholarly journals The officers of the Society (1662-1860)

1940 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Current Business

A well-planned administration is indispensable for any new institution if it is to deal with its finances and membership, to record the communications received and to register correspondence with other bodies of like interests efficiently. With aims so wide in scope as the ‘Improvement of Natural Knowledge’ the amount of routine work was bound to be large even in the Society’s early days and to increase rapidly, but the provision of an adequate administrative staff to deal with it was for a good many years more than the Royal Society’s meagre resources could afford. Its officers as well as the salaried staff were overworked, and it was not until the early part of the eighteenth century that a satisfactory system had been gradually developed. For two centuries the Fellowship consisted for the greater part of men who had no scientific knowledge nor any real interest in the advancement of science so that for many years, in fact until after 1847, nearly two-thirds of the members of the Council belonged to this group. It was left for the most part to the officers, if they were scientific men, to see that the claims of science were not overlooked. In the Charters it is laid down that the President, the Treasurer and the two Secretaries are the Officers of the Society, and that they are to be elected by the Fellows at each Anniversary Meeting when the Council for the coming twelve-month is chosen. To them is entrusted the execution of the Society’s policy and such action as may be decided upon by the Council from time to time, or by the Fellows at their meetings. They had therefore to keep in close touch with the current business of the Society, to report upon it to the Council and to assist that body in arriving at their decisions. The Council might delegate to them power to deal with various matters, and occasions arose from time to time when they had to act to the best of their own judgment, reporting to the Council at its next meeting how such situations had been dealt with.

scholarly journals Los velos de Scherezada: censura y seducción en las traducciones de Las mil y una noches

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ana Elena González Treviño
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Antoine Galland ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Erotic

This article analizes representative instances of censorship and countercensorship in different translations of a story taken from the Arabian Nights, “The Story of Prince Camaralzaman” into French, English and Spanish, translations by Antoine Galland, Richard Burton, Pedro Peraza Páez, Rafael Cansinos Asséns and Hussain Haddawy. Initially, it establishes the textual complexity and instability of Galland’s sources and the history of his translation, in the light of Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism as a discursive mode based on a prejudiced, culturally charged vision of the East, resulting rather in a mere projection of Western aesthetic and moral values. In this sense, censorship and countercensorship as exemplified in these translations, especially regarding the erotic aspect of these tales, responds directly to the historical and cultural circumstances of the translators.

Philosophical and Oriental Tales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Ballaster
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Domestic Fiction ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Oriental Tale

This chapter discusses philosophical and oriental tales. The philosophical and oriental tale offer alternative means of exploring the same preoccupations as those that drive the more familiar realist and domestic fiction of the second half of the eighteenth century: a fiction that self-consciously explores relations between reader and text, between disciple and mentor, between past and present generations. Where philosophical and oriental tales differ from the domestic realist fictions is in exploring these relations on the level of form and plot rather than the level of character. It is not that character is insignificant in these tales but that it tends to demonstrate the universality of the human mind and its responses to external stimulus rather than to promote the belief in the plausibility or authenticity of persons through individualizing marks or impressions.

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