The Ellenberg index of temporal change in vascular plants (Änderungstendenz) tested in southern Sweden

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
ALF OREDSSON
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Class 1

In Sweden, public awareness of change in the environment has increased in recent decades (Gillberg 1999). An important tool which contributed to an understanding of how the flora is affected by changes in the environment was created by Ellenberg (1974). Six ecological factors, namely light, temperature, continentality, moisture, reaction and nitrogen, were each divided into 9 (in the case of moisture 12) so-called indicator values. A species given a low value occurs mainly where the factor is less pronounced, and vice versa, species in light class 1 prefer full shadow, 5 half shadow, and 9 full light.

scholarly journals Towards the pan-European bioindication system: Assessing and testing updated hydrological indicator values for vascular plants and bryophytes in mires

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 106527
Author(s):  
Michal Hájek ◽  
Daniel Dítě ◽  
Veronika Horsáková ◽  
Eva Mikulášková ◽  
Tomáš Peterka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Indicator Values

scholarly journals Determinants of differences in the activity budgets of Rhinopithecus bieti by age/sex class at Xiangguqing in the Baimaxueshan nature reserve, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Dayong Li ◽  
Baoping Ren ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Baoguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Rhinopithecus Bieti ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
In The Wild

Ecological factors are known to influence the activity budgets of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, little is known about how activity budgets vary between age/sex classes, because the species is difficult to observe in the wild. This study provides the first detailed activity budgets subdivided by age/sex classes based on observations of the largest habituated group at Xiangguqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve. This study was conducted from June 2008 to May 2009. We found that adult females spent more time feeding (44.8%) than adult males (39.5%), juveniles (39.1%), and infants (14.2%). Adult males allocated more time to miscellaneous activities (12.5%) than did adult females (3.8%). Infants were being groomed 6.9% of the time, which was the highest proportion among all age/sex classes. Adults spent more time feeding, while immature individuals allocated more time to moving and other activities. There are several reasons activity budgets may vary by age/sex class: 1) differential reproductive investment between males and females; 2) developmental differences among the age categories; 3) social relationships between members of different age/sex classes, particularly dominance. In addition, group size and adult sex ratio may also impact activity budgets. These variations in activity budgets among the different age/sex classes may become a selective pressure that shapes the development and growth pattern in this species. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS160112009E">10.2298/ABS160112009E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sustainable Development Indicators With Fuzzy TOPSIS Based on Subjective and Objective Weights

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nang Idayu Nik Zahari ◽  
Mohd Lazim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: Sustainable development aims at improving and maintaining the well-being of people and the ecology. However, this paper focuses only on the ecological aspects. The selection of the proper ecological protection determinant plays a very important role in improving the environment of Malaysia. This paper will propose a method from Wang and Lee (2009), and Yong (2006) which applies a fuzzy TOPSIS method -- based on subjective and objective weights – to make the required selection. Four alternatives will be tested which are: prevent pollution (A1), conservation (A2), well-manage (A3), and public awareness (A4). Along with these, four criteria need to be considered: water quality factor (C1), land integrity factor (C2), air quality factor (C3), and biodiversity factor (C4). Finally, a numerical example of ecological protection determinant selection is used to illustrate the proposed method. ABSTRAK: Pembangunan lestari bermatlamat memperbaiki dan mengekalkan kesejahteraan rakyat serta ekologi. Walau bagaimanapun, kertas kajian ini hanya memberi tumpuan kepada aspek-aspek ekologi. Pemilihan penentu perlindungan serta keselamatan bagi aspek ekologi memainkan peranan yang amat penting dalam meningkatkan kualiti alam sekitar di Malaysia. Kertas kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah Wang dan Lee (2009) dan Yong (2006) yang mengaplikasikan kaedah TOPSIS kabur berdasarkan pemberat subjektif dan objektif. Terdapat empat alternatif yang akan diuji iaitu: pencegahan pencemaran (A1), pemuliharaan (A2), pengurusan yang baik (A3), kesedaran orang awam (A4). Selain itu, terdapat empat kriteria yang perlu dipertimbangkan: faktor kualiti air (C1), faktor kualiti tanah (C2), faktor kualiti udara (C3), faktor kepelbagaian biologi (C4). Kesimpulannya, contoh pengiraan untuk memperoleh penentu pemilihan perlindungan ekologi telah digunakan bagi menunjukkan kaedah yang dicadangkan.KEYWORDS: sustainable development; ecological factors; subjective and objective weight; fuzzy TOPSIS

scholarly journals Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Paramyxoviruses in the Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine (2006 to 2011) Reveals Epidemiological Connections with Europe and Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5427-5438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Muzyka ◽  
Mary Pantin-Jackwood ◽  
Borys Stegniy ◽  
Oleksandr Rula ◽  
Vitaliy Bolotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Bird ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDespite the existence of 10 avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotypes, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and ecological factors affecting virus transmission. To better understand the relationship among these factors, we conducted APMV wild bird surveillance in regions of Ukraine suspected of being intercontinental (north to south and east to west) flyways. Surveillance for APMV was conducted in 6,735 wild birds representing 86 species and 8 different orders during 2006 to 2011 through different seasons. Twenty viruses were isolated and subsequently identified as APMV-1 (n= 9), APMV-4 (n= 4), APMV-6 (n= 3), and APMV-7 (n= 4). The highest isolation rate occurred during the autumn migration (0.61%), with viruses isolated from mallards, teals, dunlins, and a wigeon. The rate of isolation was lower during winter (December to March) (0.32%), with viruses isolated from ruddy shelducks, mallards, white-fronted geese, and a starling. During spring migration, nesting, and postnesting (April to August) no APMV strains were isolated out of 1,984 samples tested. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four APMV-1 and two APMV-4 viruses showed that one APMV-1 virus belonging to class 1 was epidemiologically linked to viruses from China, three class II APMV-1 viruses were epidemiologically connected with viruses from Nigeria and Luxembourg, and one APMV-4 virus was related to goose viruses from Egypt. In summary, we have identified the wild bird species most likely to be infected with APMV, and our data support possible intercontinental transmission of APMVs by wild birds.

scholarly journals Adult protection in Scotland in 1857 and in 2015: what have we learned?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Campbell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Adult Protection

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare recent developments in adult protection legislation, policy and practice in Scotland in 2015 with the first attempts at protection of adults at risk of harm, in 1857-1862, with a particular focus on people with learning disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses comparative historical research, drawing on primary archive material from 1857 to 1862 in the form of Annual Reports of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland and associated papers. Findings – Growing public awareness of the extent of neglect and abuse, and the need for overarching legislation were common factors in the development of both the “The Lunacy Act” of 1857 and the Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act of 2007. Both pieces of legislation also had the common aim of “asylum”, and shared some other objectives. Practical implications – Total prevention of abuse of vulnerable adults is an aspiration in law and in policy. There is an evidence base of effectiveness, however, in protecting adults at risk of harm from abuse. Some ecological factors recur as challenges to effective safeguarding activity. These include problems of definition, uncovering abuse, enforcing legislation, evaluating impact and protection of people who are not a risk of harm to others. Originality/value – This paper compares common themes and common challenges in two separate time periods to investigate what can be learned about the development of legislation and practice in adult protection.

scholarly journals Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Brunet ◽  
Goddert Von Oheimb
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Southern Sweden

scholarly journals Studies on parasitic fungi of plants occurring in the lake littoral of the Masurian Lakeland

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-141
Author(s):  
Bożena Durska
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
First Time

In the years 1969-1970 the parasitie mycoflora of plants occurring in the littoral of 51 lakes of the Olsztyn and Mrągowo lake distriets and inthe Land of Great Lakes was examined. 132 species of parasitic fungi on the 150 vascular plants species were found, 6 of them for the first time in Poland, and 9 on hosts hitherto not observed in Poland. The influence of ecological factors such as the zone of the littoral, the position and irradiation of the coast etc. on the occurrence of pathogens was noted. The effect of some pathogenes on the transpiration, level of nitrogen and phosphorus, calorific value and yield of host plants wasalso examined, maily for <i>Phragmites communis</i> Trin.

scholarly journals Ecological and coenotic groups of Orenburg Region vascular plants flora and biotopes phytoindication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽  
Sergei Mikhailovich Pohlebaev ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Malaev ◽  
Irina Anatolyevna Tretyakova ◽  
Askhat Koblanovich Khodzhayev
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Regional Assessment ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Group Schemes ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Similar Assessment

The expert and statistical assessment of ecological and coenotic groups of Orenburg Region vascular plants flora has been done for A.L. Belgards coenomorphs scheme and scheme of vascular plants flora of temperate forest zone of European Russia. The regimes of principal ecological factors have identified for detected groups of flora. Both suggested schemes of groups give adequate and similar assessment of biotopes, proposed groups of Orenburg Region vascular plants flora are identified in phytometer scales space definitely and its groups can used for regional assessment of biotopes. It has been established, that steppe coenomorph has extensive coenotic amplitude in Orenburg Region conditions and make petrophilic, chasmophilic, mountain and semi-desert vegetation elements also. Sylvant coenomorph has formed boreal and nemoral sciophytes and heliosciophytes and coenotic group of semiarid steppe forests has not specific biotopic and coenotic value. Pratal coenomorph has been made up humidity-meadow flora, dry-meadow coenotic group is not specific. For Orenburg Region is recommends using unite pratal (meadow) and paludal coenomorphs and separation coenotic group of oligotrophic bogs and ruderal coenomorph, the separation of mountain coenotic group is not confirmed statistical. The best assessment of ecological flora of region are realize by combined coenomorphs and coenotic group schemes approach at the same time. It has been established methodical problems of statistical methods using by phytoindication, problems of transitional coenotic groups and problem of wood species assessment in phytometer scales, which are require further researches.

An overview of the taxonomic groups of NPPs

2021 ◽  
pp. SP511-2020-65
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Shumilovskikh ◽  
Jennifer M. K. O’Keefe ◽  
Fabienne Marret
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Changes Over Time

AbstractNon-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) are ‘extra’ microfossils often found in palynology slides. These include remains of organisms within the size range of pollen grains (∼10-250 microns), resistant to laboratory treatments used for the preparation of palynological samples. NPPs are a large and taxonomically heterogeneous group of remains of organisms living in diverse environments. Taxonomically, they belong to a wide variety of groups such as cyanobacteria, algae, vascular plants, invertebrates, and fungi. The aim of this chapter is to provide a general overview of NPP groups observed in palynology slides. It includes more than 40 of the most common groups starting with acritarcha, cyanobacteria and algae, moving through transitional groups to animals and fungi and finishing with human-made objects such as textile fibres. Although far from complete, it provides an updated overview of taxonomical diversity of NPPs and their indicator values. Further works on NPP identifications are of great importance to improve of our current knowledge. Since NPPs occur in all kinds of sediments, their analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing environmental changes over time. Further detailed studies of specific NPP groups and their indicator values will open the way for new fields of study.

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