Town Mice and Country Mice in the Province of York 1317–40

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. T. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
World War ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The North ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

A few months after the end of the second world war a journalist, walking through the streets of devastated Hamburg, saw a girl come out of the basement of a bombed house. She was wearing a clean white tennis-dress and carrying a racquet, and as she picked her way through the piles of burnt-out rubble he pondered, as historians have often pondered before him, upon the remarkable capacity of people not only for surviving, but for continuing the ordinary pattern of their lives, in the most adverse circumstances. I have often remembered that girl in Hamburg as I worked my way through the letters of archbishop Melton’s register with its record of the way in which the ordinary people of the north, the town and country mice of my title, survived and carried on their normal activities, and even re-built and extended their churches, in the midst of the troubles in which they found themselves.

scholarly journals The Cowie Line

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 119-161
Author(s):  
Gordon J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

The Cowie stop line, running west from the town of Stonehaven, the county town of the historical county of Kincardineshire, some 19km south of Aberdeen, has been recognized for some time as a well-preserved example of a Second World War anti-tank obstacle, but has not hitherto been described in detail. Its purpose was to stop any German force landing in the north-east penetrating into Angus and further south. To work effectively the line was extended to the west, by defences at the Bridge of Dye (on the Strachan–Fettercairn road) and the Devil’s Elbow (on the Braemar–Blairgowrie road) and planned demolitions on the Inverness–Perth road and railway. It originally comprised a dozen pillboxes, over 5km of anti-tank barrier, eight small and one large groups of anti-tank cubes and other defensive features. This paper outlines the strategic background, how the Cowie Line fitted into it, how the Line was constructed, and how its intended function changed over time. The results of the first complete survey of the surviving remains are also presented.

scholarly journals Historical, non-existing synagogue in Przeworsk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mikrut-Kusy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

The history of southeastern Poland is inseparably linked with the Jewish community that settled mostly in larger cities located near significant trade routes. Despite limiting privileges, in many cities Jews managed to establish their own quarters, in which synagogues were the most important structures. Only a few cases of historical Jewish religious architecture, in varying states of preservation, have survived to the present. In Przeworsk, to the north of the town hall, an impressive, masonry Jewish synagogue had stood for several centuries. The building was erected at the start of the seventeenth century and up to the Second World War constituted a significant element of the city’s spatial structure. Despite the passage of over eighty years since the demolition of the synagogue, its site has not been commemorated. This paper presents the genesis and architecture of the historical synagogue. The massing of the building, its functional and spatial layout, and its interior décor were investigated. The paper also discusses the commemoration of historical buildings, pointing to the significance of place-based identity and broadly understood cultural heritage.

scholarly journals The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Michela Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The North ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Structure-From-Motion Software’s –An Example of Letychiv (Ukraine) Castle and Convent Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
P. Lewińska ◽  
K. Pargieła
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church ◽  
Inner Parts

Abstract Letychiv (pl. Latyczów) is a town located in central Ukraine in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast. It has a unique and complicated history. Second World War left it in ruin, destroying buildings, infrastructure and decimating its once large population. Perhaps the most prominent part of the town currently is the building Dominican convent with adjoin Letychiv Assumption Church. This object is surrounded by what is left of the previously impressive Letychiv Castle, founded by Jan Potocki in 1598. Past 30 years have been dedicated by this small Catholic parish towards rebuilding monastery-castle-church complex. Since this is an ongoing project, it was decided to perform a photographic inventory of the current state of the construction and to create a 3D digital model of the castle, facade of the church and monastery, and the altar. This task have proven to be difficult due to complicated structure of the object. Facades and inner parts of the church are almost white with limited number of distinctive elements, painted in pail gold. Elements other than white are almost identical to each other. It leads to various errors in the processing of Structure-from-motion. This article describes how various versions of SfM algorithm work thru mention difficulties, compares results in terms of accuracy, level of detail and overall look. It also describes how SfM can help to document various stages of restoration of important historical objects.

scholarly journals Dokia Humenna’s Depiction of the Second World War and the OUN in Khreshchatyi iar: How Readers Responded

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Myroslav Shkandrij
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Emigre Literature ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

<p class="EW-abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> When Dokia Humenna’s novel depicting the Second World War, <em>Khreshchatyi iar</em> (Khreshchatyk Ravine), was published in New York in 1956, it created a controversy. Readers were particularly interested in the way activists of the OUN were portrayed. This article analyzes readers’ comments and Humenna’s responses, which are today stored in the archives of the Ukrainian Academy of Science in New York. The novel is based on a diary Humenna kept during the German occupation of Kyiv in the years 1941-1943.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Dokia Humenna, <em>Khreshchatyi iar</em>, Second World War, OUN, Émigré Literature, Reader Response

The Finnish Cinema Colony in North America, 1938−1941

2019 ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Anneli Lehtisalo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Identities ◽  
World War ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Second World

This chapter addresses how Finnish films were exported and travelled to the United States and Canada between 1938-1941. Although resources were scarce and Finnish films were mainly targeted to domestic audiences, there existed vibrant niche markets for Finnish films among Finnish immigrants, in particularly during the late 1930s and the early 1940s. The chapter explores the distribution and exhibition practices within these diasporic communities, and discusses the significance of the North American niche markets both for the Finnish film industry and for Finnish immigrants. After this promising start was ruptured by the Second World War, the postwar circulation of Finnish films had only a marginal economic influence. Yet Finnish films of this era offered important means for the Finnish diasporic colonies and communities to sustain and negotiate national identities.

Austin, John Langshaw (1911–60)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Urmson
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
World War ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

J.L. Austin was a leading figure in analytic philosophy in the fifteen years following the Second World War. He developed a method of close examination of nonphilosophical language designed to illuminate the distinctions we make in ordinary life. Professional philosophers tended to obscure these important and subtle distinctions with undesirable jargon which was too far removed from everyday usage. Austin thought that a problem should therefore be tackled by an examination of the way in which its vocabulary is used in ordinary situations. Such an approach would then expose the misuses of language on which many philosophical claims were based. In ‘Other Minds’ ([1946] 1961), Austin attacked the simplistic division of utterances into the ‘descriptive’ and ‘evaluative’ using his notion of a performatory, or performative utterances. His notion was that certain utterances, in the appropriate circumstances, are neither descriptive nor evaluative, but count as actions. Thus to say ‘I promise’ is to make a promise, not to talk about one. Later, he was to develop the concepts of locutionary force (what an utterance says or refers to), illocutionary force (what is intended by saying it) and perlocutionary force (what effects it has on others).

Modern Idiom in an Ancient Context

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
G. H. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Simple Situation ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Second World ◽  
Proper Context ◽  
The Way

Since the Second World War we have been subjected to a flood of memoirs and counter-memoirs by generals, admirals, air marshals, and politicians. One of the direct results of this is that our vocabulary has been increased—if not enriched—by a military jargon. Most of the latter's terms have in fact very specialized meanings, and if they are used out of their proper context they can present a highly coloured view of a rather simple situation. Can these terms be applied with validity to historical situations of antiquity ? At first sight there is an attraction in theirvery modernity, for they seem to give a freshness of approach; but Professor Salmon's use of them in his recent article, ‘The Strategy of the Second Punic War’, has made the dangers of their use manifestly clear. By his use of these anachronisms—for that is surely what they are—Professor Salmon has given nothing new in the way of interpretation, but merely provided confirmation of Oman's dictum ‘Historians may have the most divergent views according to their predispositions’, and has exaggerated the capabilities of both sides beyond belief.

scholarly journals Introduction: European Integration across the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
STEPHEN G. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

This forum explores continuities and transformations in the way Europeans thought about integrating their continent politically, economically and ideologically across the twentieth century. It questions the idea of aStunde Null, which sees European integration primarily as a response to the destruction of the Second World War. Instead, the forum shows how mentalities, ideologies, challenges and constraints that arose before 1945 shaped the way European elites conceptualised and pursued unification in the post-war decades. The European leaders who orchestrated integration after 1945 were looking both backward and forward, trying to revive older visions for a unified continent and overcome long-standing problems while simultaneously aspiring to a new, supranational regional order that would preserve Europe's position as a global power. In exploring such continuities, this forum adds a regionalist dimension to the burgeoning literature – by Patricia Clavin, Daniel Gorman, Mark Mazower and others – on the connections between interwar internationalism and the post-1945 global order, and on the continuity of intellectuals, experts and politicians through the middle half of the twentieth century.

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