scholarly journals Historical, non-existing synagogue in Przeworsk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mikrut-Kusy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

The history of southeastern Poland is inseparably linked with the Jewish community that settled mostly in larger cities located near significant trade routes. Despite limiting privileges, in many cities Jews managed to establish their own quarters, in which synagogues were the most important structures. Only a few cases of historical Jewish religious architecture, in varying states of preservation, have survived to the present. In Przeworsk, to the north of the town hall, an impressive, masonry Jewish synagogue had stood for several centuries. The building was erected at the start of the seventeenth century and up to the Second World War constituted a significant element of the city’s spatial structure. Despite the passage of over eighty years since the demolition of the synagogue, its site has not been commemorated. This paper presents the genesis and architecture of the historical synagogue. The massing of the building, its functional and spatial layout, and its interior décor were investigated. The paper also discusses the commemoration of historical buildings, pointing to the significance of place-based identity and broadly understood cultural heritage.

scholarly journals The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Michela Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The North ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

scholarly journals Beginning of Romani literature: The case of Alexander Germano

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-161
Author(s):  
ELENA MARUSHIAKOVA ◽  
VESSELIN POPOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Archival Work ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

This article traces the beginning of Romani literature. It focuses on the work of Alexander Germano in the context of the history of a unique Romani literacy project developed in the USSR before the Second World War. It shows the peculiarity of the Soviet Romani literature and in particular the personal activities and contributions of Germano, the man considered the progenitor of contemporary Romani literature (with works in all three main genres of literature: poetry, prose, and drama). The study is based on a number of years of archival work in a variety of archives in the Russian Federation and to a great extent in Alexander Germano’s personal archive, preserved in the town of Orel (Russian Federation). The documents studied allow us to clarify the blurred spots in his biography, to reveal his ethnic background and identity, and to highlight the reason for the success of the Romani literary project. The example of Germano shows that the beginning of a national literature depends on the significance and public impact of the literary work of a particular author, and is not necessarily related to the author’s ethnic origin and identity.

scholarly journals The Cowie Line

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 119-161
Author(s):  
Gordon J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

The Cowie stop line, running west from the town of Stonehaven, the county town of the historical county of Kincardineshire, some 19km south of Aberdeen, has been recognized for some time as a well-preserved example of a Second World War anti-tank obstacle, but has not hitherto been described in detail. Its purpose was to stop any German force landing in the north-east penetrating into Angus and further south. To work effectively the line was extended to the west, by defences at the Bridge of Dye (on the Strachan–Fettercairn road) and the Devil’s Elbow (on the Braemar–Blairgowrie road) and planned demolitions on the Inverness–Perth road and railway. It originally comprised a dozen pillboxes, over 5km of anti-tank barrier, eight small and one large groups of anti-tank cubes and other defensive features. This paper outlines the strategic background, how the Cowie Line fitted into it, how the Line was constructed, and how its intended function changed over time. The results of the first complete survey of the surviving remains are also presented.

Town Mice and Country Mice in the Province of York 1317–40

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. T. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
World War ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The North ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

A few months after the end of the second world war a journalist, walking through the streets of devastated Hamburg, saw a girl come out of the basement of a bombed house. She was wearing a clean white tennis-dress and carrying a racquet, and as she picked her way through the piles of burnt-out rubble he pondered, as historians have often pondered before him, upon the remarkable capacity of people not only for surviving, but for continuing the ordinary pattern of their lives, in the most adverse circumstances. I have often remembered that girl in Hamburg as I worked my way through the letters of archbishop Melton’s register with its record of the way in which the ordinary people of the north, the town and country mice of my title, survived and carried on their normal activities, and even re-built and extended their churches, in the midst of the troubles in which they found themselves.

Rebuilding the industrial town: wartime Wolverhampton

Urban History ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Larkham
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

There are well-known reconstruction plans for various UK cities produced during and after the Second World War, but little attention has been paid to those towns suffering little damage, or whose plans were not drawn up by the usual eminent consultants. This paper explores the process of preparing such a plan for Wolverhampton, in the English West Midlands. Here, a ‘technocentric’ plan is evident, typical of the 1940s reconstruction plans, but one with roots stretching back a decade into the middle 1930s; one whose key impetus was the Borough Surveyor, but which was prepared for a major programme of public involvement and consultation. Although this plan was not carried out in this form, it set the agenda for the next forty years of development in planning thought and in changing urban form. It was pivotal in the history of the town and its restructuring from the middle of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of How to Renovate Historical Fabrics in the UK, France, the USA and Iran (Shiraz)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Urban Restoration ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

<p>Restoration and renovation of the historical fabric of towns is one of the methods of intervention in towns with historical fabrics and old buildings that means continuous and conscious act for modernization, prevention from erosion and wear, longevity of historical buildings and fabrics of the towns, which are carried out aiming at a new function as appropriate to the needs of the daily life.</p><p>The record of restoration of the historical fabric of the towns in advanced counties is about two countries old, but the restoration and improvement of the historical fabric of towns separately and independent from historical buildings as a live, dynamic urban element was never paid attention by congresses and scientific centers before the Second World War. After the Second World War, restoration and reconstruction was paid attention again and was discussed in academic centers. That was while construction operations were under way in most European towns rapidly and intensively and no enough time was there for their study. The present article, while reviewing the world laws and enactments on urban restoration, has a look on different kinds of renovation in urban fabrics. What is important is the economic feasibility of renovation in the areas under study.</p><p>The present article is an effort towards review of the literature on restoration and innovation of historical urban fabrics based on the universal activities.</p><p>The purpose of this study is explanation of the components being paid attention in renovation of the old urban fabrics.</p><p>An analytical – comparative review of the experience gained in developed countries, on the one hand, and developing countries, on the other hand, could provide a guide toward development of effective solutions for renovation of historical spaces in towns. Analysis and examination of the process of the influence of modern western architectural, urban development and urban restoration on the modern Iranian architecture and urban development are among the achievements of such a study.</p><p>The research methodology, considering exploration of the form of the Iranian town is descriptive – analytical and the method of collecting data is field work and documentation</p><p>"The content structure of the study" is supported by the process of determination and introduction of efficient policies and strategies in traditional and historical fabrics. Strategies such as creation of new economic demands, environmental improvements, preservation and safeguarding of the historical nature of the quarter with physical restoration, development of criteria for functional design and renovation are among other notable subjects in this project.</p><p>The findings of the study show that, the historical neighborhoods of towns usually serve as autonomous functional areas, and, therefore, paying attention to them must be made in the context and the general fabric of the town and the relevant districts. Renovation, which is nothing but returning vitality and activity to the areas, is a dynamic, powerful process. Considering the above- mentioned items, one could say that the process has had different degrees in different areas. A successful renovation must show itself, in physical, economic and social aspects as well.</p>The results show the physical improvement of the town by paying attention to the physical components of the urban indentify. Also, one should attend to creation of cognitive and aesthetic values aiming at providing the readability and upgrading the mental image of the town when innovating the old fabrics.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

ABCs of the Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Egor A. Yesyunin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Development History ◽  
The People ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

B'nai B'rith on the European continent after World War Two

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Hans Levy
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

The focus of this paper is on the oldest international Jewish organization founded in 1843, B’nai B’rith. The paper presents a chronicle of B’nai B’rith in Continental Europe after the Second World War and the history of the organization in Scandinavia. In the 1970's the Order of B'nai B'rith became B'nai B'rith international. B'nai B'rith worked for Jewish unity and was supportive of the state of Israel.

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