Influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the state of pathogenic and persistent factors of the joints of enteromicrobiocenosis of broiler chickens

The current development stage of the poultry industry is characterized by a rapid consolidation of the role of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. It was found that some phytopreparations have a diverse impact on the persistent characteristics of microorganisms. This work aims to study the influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the manifestation of pathogenic (hemolytic, adhesive, proteolytic, catalase activities) and persistent (antilysozyme, anti-complementary activities) characteristics of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens. Studied were microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from samples of broiler chicken droppings. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” was prophylactically added to the diet of chickens. As a control, considered were cultures of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens, who did not receive the preparation in the diet. It was established that 37.5% of E. coli cultures isolated from droppings of the control broiler group exhibit hemolytic activity, while E. coli isolates from the experimental group did not have this activity. The percentage of isolated cultures of microorganisms that showed adhesive, proteolytic and catalase activity was lower for broiler chickens of the experimental group compared to the control one. This tendency was observed when studying persistent factors, in particular, antilysozyme and anti-complementary characteristics. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” can be applied not only to increase the general resistance of the poultry body but also to target the main types of microbiocenosis joints, reducing their pathogenic and persistent potential.

Carbon Microsphere From Postconsumer Soft Drink Bottles and Their Impact On Plant Growth Study of Cicer Arietinum

Present work is highlighted on the conversion of waste PET plastics to carbon nanosphere, their characterization by SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR and finally their application in the field of germination of Cicer arietinum and biochemical analysis. SEM and XRD results revealed that PET plastic are comfortably converted to carbon microsphere with a diameter ranges between 2-8 µm with amorphous nature and FTIR study suggested that the existence of aromatic C-H and aromatic ring along with carbonyl groups. Root morphology suggested that both root length and seminal root number gradually decrease with increasing carbon microsphere dose. Biochemical results revealed that the level of proline, catalase and MDA levels significantly (p < 0.0001) increase with increasing the dose of carbon microsphere. Finally, it can be concluded that lower dose of carbon microsphere could be beneficial for both seed germination and seedling growth, but higher dose may have adverse effect on plant community.

Carbon Microsphere-Supported Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles as Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts and Their Application for the Reduction of Nitrophenol

Nickel nanoparticles are gaining increasing attention in catalysis due to their versatile catalytic action. A novel, low-cost and facile method was developed in this work to synthesize carbon microsphere-supported metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NP/C) for heterogeneous catalysis. The synthesis was based on carbonizing a polystyrene-based cation exchange resin loaded with nickel ions at temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C. The decomposition of the nickel-organic framework resulted in both Ni-NP and carbon microsphere formation. The phase composition, morphology and surface area of these Ni-NP/C microspheres were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and BET analysis. Elemental nickel was found to be the only metal containing phase; fcc-Ni coexisted with hcp-Ni at carbonization temperatures between 500 and 700 °C, and fcc-Ni was the only metallic phase at 800–1000 °C. Graphitization and carbon nanotube formation were observed at high temperatures. The catalytic activity of Ni-NP/C was tested in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride, and Ni-NP/C was proved to be an efficient catalyst in this reaction. The relatively easy and scalable synthetic method, as well as the easy separation and catalytic activity of Ni-NP/C, provide a viable alternative to existing nickel nanocatalysts in future applications.