X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

Combined Electron Excitation and X-Ray Excitation for Spectrometry in the SEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny C. Witherspoon ◽  
Brian J. Cross ◽  
Mandi D. Hellested
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Atomic Electrons ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Electron

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is an analytical technique used to determine elemental composition. It is a powerful, easy-to-use, non-destructive technique that can be employed for a wide variety of materials. In this technique the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) impinges on the sample and excites atomic electrons causing the production of characteristic X rays. These characteristic X rays have energies specific to elements in the sample. The EDS detector collects these X rays as a signal and produces a spectrum. Samples also can be excited by X rays. Collimated and focused X rays from an X-ray source produce characteristic X rays that can be detected by the same EDS detector. When X rays are used as the source of excitation, the method is then called X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or micro-XRF.

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

Ionic regulation and buoyancy in some planktonic organisms

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Newton ◽  
W. T. W. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Ionic Regulation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Gastrovascular System

Magnesium/chlorine and sulphur/chlorine ratios have been measured in the body fluids of some planktonic organisms by x-ray emission analysis of frozen hydrated specimens in a scanning electron microscope. Homarus vulgaris (Anthropoda: Decapoda) larvae excluded Mg2+ and SO42-ions from the haemolymph, but to a lesser extent than does the adult lobster. Bipinnaria larvae of Asterias (Echinodermata) excluded Mg2+ and SO42-ions from the coelomic fluid. Obelia medusae excluded Mg2+ and SO42-ions from the mesogloea but concentrate them in the gastrovascular system. The high concentration of sulphate in the gastrovascular fluid of medusae has been confirmed by rhodizonate titration in Cyanea and Rhizostoma jellyfish. Some implications of magnesium and sulphate regulation are discussed.

X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
John F. Mansfield ◽  
Brett L. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Primary Electron Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Sem ◽  
Scanning Electron

The environmental scanning electron microscope (Environmental SEM) has proved to be a powerful tool in both materials science and the life sciences. Full characterization of materials in the environmental SEM often requires chemical analysis by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS). However, the spatial resolution of the XEDS signal can be severely degraded by the gaseous environment in the sample chamber. At an operating pressure of 5Torr a significant fraction of the primary electron beam is scattered after it passes through the final pressure limiting aperture and before it strikes the sample. Bolon and Griffin have both published data that illustrates this effect very well. Bolon revealed that 45% of the primary electron beam was scattered by more than 25 μm in an Environmental SEM operating at an accelerating voltage of 30kV, with a water vapor pressure of 3Torr and a working distance of 15mm.

Spatial Resolution of SEM Signals

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
H. Soezima
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Primary Electron Beam ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

There are few investigations discussed on resolution of the signals as spatial resolving power, at the scanning electron microscope analysis. There remains misunderstanding that better resolution is obtained only by making a primary electron beam diameter small. At the scanning electron microscope analysis, there are such signals as secondary electron, back scattered electron, absorbed electron, transmitted electron, auger electron, cathode luminescence and X-rays. The spatial resolutions of these signals are effected not only by primary electron diameter but also by accelerating voltage, sample density, electro conductivity of the sample, surface condition of the sample, relative position among the primary electron optics, sample and detection system, energy of the signals, potential and magnetic distribution, and current density distribution of primary electron beam.Some examples of the X-rays, that have the poorest resolving power in the signals, are shown below.

Influence of Nitrogen Partial Pressure on the Microstructure and Properties of TiN Coatings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Shi Fang Xie ◽  
Ke Ming Liu ◽  
Pei Ling Ke ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Shi Yong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiN coatings were prepared by using multi-arc ion plating technique at different N2 partial pressures. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized by using a tabletop scanning electron microscope. The cross-sectional microstructure was investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The phase composition was evaluated by using an X-Ray diffractometer. The hardness and cohesion were measured by using a nanoindentation tester and a scratch instrument, respectively. The results show that the number and size of macro-particles decrease and the compactness of TiN coating increases with the increase of the N2 partial pressure. The hardness and cohesion of the coating increase gradually with increasing N2 partial pressures and reach a peak at 0.6 Pa; then the hardness and cohesion are significantly lower at higher N2 partial pressures.

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO/SnO2 Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supakorn Pukird ◽  
Dheerachai Polsongkram ◽  
Suttinart Noothongkeaw ◽  
Khanidtha Jantasom ◽  
Ki Seok An
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coprecipitation Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

CuO/SnO2 nanocomposites materials were prepared by solution coprecipitation process using CuO nanowires-rods and SnO2 nanowires mixture as a starting materials. The mixture materials were put in beaker glass with distilled water and magnetic stering at 90 oC for 3 h. The mixture materials were filtered and heated at 980 oC for 20 h. The prepared products were investigated by FE scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-rays photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray driffraction technique (XRD). The results showed nanocomposites structures which consisting of CuO and SnO2 phase.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SUBMICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES BY THEIR EMITTED X-RAYS

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. DEMPSEY ◽  
F. J. AGATE ◽  
M. LEE ◽  
M. L. PURKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Semiconductor Detector ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Scanning Electron

X-ray emission spectra have been recorded from several biologic tissues using a multichannel energy-dispersive analyzer with a retractible semiconductor detector coupled to a Cambridge Mark II scanning electron microscope. Particular attention has been given to the detection of silver in experimental argyria, of calcium in dermoid scales and in experimental necrosis of the kidney and of sulfur in the inner and outer portions of reptilian skin. Sulfur and chlorine have been found associated with silver in argyria. Phosphorus was associated with calcium both in the dermal scales and in necrotic areas. In addition to these elements, trace amounts of copper, zinc, lead, sodium, potassium, iron, arsenic, osmium and uranium have been detected in various normal and experimental situations. The applicability of the combined instrument to cytochemical problems is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals KATALIS KARBON YANG DIBUAT DENGAN METODE HUMMERS TERMODIFIKASI UNTUK ASETILASI GLISEROL

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayati ◽  
Wahib Khoiruddin ◽  
Isnadiah Endang Mastuti ◽  
Wahyu Devi Satna Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gliserol adalah produk samping yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan biodiesel. Karena peningkatan produksi biodiesel, utilisasi gliserol yang melimpah menjadi asetin berpeluang dilakukan karena manfaat asetin sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk material lainnya yang bernilai lebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat katalis grafena oksida dari multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dengan menggunakan metode hummers termodifikasi. Karakterisasi katalis GO dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscope-Energi Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Aktivitas katalitik pada asetilasi gliserol menunjukkan konversi yang tinggi mencapai 94% pada suhu 110°C dalam 2 jam reaksi dengan menggunakan katalis 3% berat. Kata kunci: Asetilasi, Gliserol, Grafena Oksida, Metode Hummers Termodifikasi AbstractGlycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production. Due to the increase in biodiesel production, the utilization of abundant glycerol into acetin has the opportunity to be carried out because of the benefits of acetin as a source of raw material for other materials of higher value. This study aims to prepare graphene oxide catalysts from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using the modified Hummers method. The characterizations of GO catalyst were assessed using X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energi Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The catalytic activity of glycerol acetylation showed a high conversion reaching 94% at 110°C in 2 hours of reaction using a 3% by weight catalyst.

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