HVEM of Central Nervous System Tissue: Localization of the Site of Physiologic Measures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 586-587
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
J. W. Swann ◽  
R. J. Brady ◽  
D. O. Carpenter ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiologic Parameter ◽  
Simple Systems

The correlation of physiology and ultrastructure is critical to many areas of neurobiology, but is usually possible only in “simple” systems, (neuromuscular junction, isolated invertebrate or lower vertebrate preparation or in culture). Such correlation is difficult in the central nervous system (CNS) due to its complex microanatomy, large number of synapses on each neuron and lack of techniques for finding specific sites, (e.g. presynaptic terminals buried in a mass of tissue). We are developing specimen labeling and preparation methods to mark the site at which a physiologic parameter has been measured or manipulated by a microelectrode. The marker must be either electron dense or fluorescent - the former is preferred. It must bind to the cell surface without excessive diffusion into surrounding tissue, and it must be visible during block trimming and sectioning, to form a traceable link from the macroscopic to the ultrastructure.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Autoantibodies to Neuronal Cell-Surface Antigens in the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen H. van Coevorden-Hameete ◽  
Maarten J. Titulaer ◽  
Marco W. J. Schreurs ◽  
Esther de Graaff ◽  
Peter A. E. Sillevis Smitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals CNS Invasion in Meningioma—How the Intraoperative Assessment Can Improve the Prognostic Evaluation of Tumor Recurrence

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3620
Author(s):  
Felix Behling ◽  
Christina Fodi ◽  
Irina Gepfner-Tuma ◽  
Kathrin Machetanz ◽  
Mirjam Renovanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Intraoperative Assessment ◽  
Intraoperative Detection ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The detection of the infiltrative growth of meningiomas into CNS tissue has been integrated into the WHO classification as a stand-alone marker for atypical meningioma. However, its prognostic impact has been questioned. Infiltrative growth can also be detected intraoperatively. The prognostic impact of the intraoperative detection of the central nervous system tissue invasion of meningiomas was analyzed and compared to the histopathological assessment. The clinical data of 1517 cases with follow-up data regarding radiographic recurrence was collected. Histopathology and operative reports were reviewed and invasive growth was seen during resection in 23.7% (n = 345) while histopathology detected it in 4.8% (n = 73). The histopathological and intraoperative assessments were compatible in 63%. The prognostic impact of histopathological and intraoperative assessment was significant in the univariate but not in the multivariate analysis. Both methods of assessment combined reached statistical significance in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0409). A score including all independent prognostic factors divided the cohort into three prognostic subgroups with a risk of recurrence of 33.8, 64.7 and 88.5%, respectively. The intraoperative detection of the infiltrative growth of primary meningiomas into the central nervous system tissue can complement the histopathological assessment of CNS invasion. The combined assessment is an independent prognostic factor regarding tumor recurrence and allows a risk-adapted tumor stratification.

scholarly journals Loss of PRMT5 promotes PDGFRα degradation during oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Calabretta ◽  
Gillian Vogel ◽  
Zhenbao Yu ◽  
Karine Choquet ◽  
Lama Darbelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Arginine Methylation ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Myelination

SummaryPlatelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling is required for proliferation, commitment and maintenance of oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor cells (OPCs). PDGFRα signaling promotes OPC homeostasis and its attenuation signals OPC differentiation and maturation triggering the onset of myelination of the central nervous system (CNS). The initial steps of how PDGFRα signaling is attenuated are still poorly understood. Herein we show that decreased Protein Arginine MethylTransferase5 (PRMT5) expression, as occurs during OPC differentiation, is involved in the down-regulation of PDGFRα by modulating its cell surface bioavailability leading to its degradation in a Cbldependent manner. Mechanistically, loss of arginine methylation at R554 of the PDGFRα intracellular domain reveals a masked Cbl binding site at Y555. Physiologically, depletion of PRMT5 in OPCs results in severe CNS myelination defects. We propose that decreased PRMT5 activity initiates PDGFRα degradation to promote OL differentiation. More broadly, inhibition of PRMT5 may be used therapeutically to manipulate PDGFRα bioavailability.

Effectiveness Of Immunolabeling Gfap For Estimating Astrocytic Shape And Volume

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1340-1341
Author(s):  
E. Bushong ◽  
M. E. Martone ◽  
C. Foster ◽  
M. H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
Labeling Pattern

Each astrocyte forms an extensive network of fine processes within the surrounding neural tissue, interacting extensively with neighboring neurons and blood vessels. Fine glial processes surround synapses and probably modulate synaptic transmission. Glial endfeet on capillaries are responsible for transport of ions and metabolites and possibly control blood flow. Alterations in these fine structures may be of significance in brain function and disease. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament found in astrocytes of the central nervous system. GFAP is commonly found in the perikarya and processes of protoplasmic and fibrous type astrocytes. Immunohistochemical labeling of GFAP is extensively used as a means of determining the location and shape of astrocytes. However, its labeling pattern varies with brain region (e.g. cortex vs. hippocampus), with cell state (natural vs. reactive astrocytes), and with the specific α- GFAP antibody used. Furthermore, Golgi-stained or dye-filled astrocytes show numerous small appendages or vellate structures that conform to the surrounding tissue and do not stain for GFAP.

Development of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in the Central Nervous System of the Mouse

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
F. A. Murphy ◽  
A. K. Harrison ◽  
G. W. Gary ◽  
S. W. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ethanol Series

The capacity of St. Louis encephalitis virus to cause destruction of central nervous system tissue is especially well demonstrated in experimental infection of the mouse. Inoculation of the virus intracerebrally rather than peripherally broadens the usual focal distribution of brain lesions; and when neonatal rather than older animals are inoculated intracerebrally, the infection is characterized by a widespread destructive process.In the present investigation, St. Louis encephalitis virus isolated by the Arbovirus Unit, NCDC, from brain tissue from a fatal human case in Dallas, Texas during an encephalitis epidemic in 1966 was used. A standard laboratory strain of the virus was also studied. Two-day-old Swiss mice were inoculated intracerebrally with approximately 103 LD50 of virus, and brain tissue was harvested from moribund animals 4 days later. Tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in an ethanol series and embedded in an Araldite-Epon mixture. Sections were stained with lead citrate or uranyl acetate.

scholarly journals Poor reliability of immunocytochemical localization of IgG in immersion-fixed tissue from the central nervous system.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Fabian
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fixation Interval

The effect of fixation technique and post mortem-to-fixation interval in immersion-fixed tissue from the central nervous system on immunocytochemical staining for the presence of an immunoglobulin was determined in mice. Immersion-fixed tissue was found to be inferior to perfusion-fixed tissue for immunocytochemical staining of this serum protein. Unlike what has been observed for other antigens, the quality of staining for IgG in immersion-fixed tissue decreased to unacceptable levels if the post mortem-to-fixation interval was increased to more than a few hours. This effect may be secondary to the rapid post-mortem disintegration of the blood-brain barrier and a resulting diffusion of serum proteins into surrounding tissue from the vasculature.

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