Electron beam range effects in SEM/EDX: Application to scratch-testing of coated carbides

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
J. Hefter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Test Investigation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tool Technology

The use of protective coatings to enhance the chemical and mechanical properties of materials is widely practiced in industry. For example, in cutting tool technology, the use of strongly adhering, specialized coatings has expanded the lifetime and performance of cutting tools. The most widely used technique for checking coating adherence is the scratch-test. Investigation of the scratch regions by SEM via both electron and x-ray imaging may assist in the determination of the failure mode region, i.e., within the coating, at an interface, or within the substrate.As an example of this approach, a cemented carbide was coated first with TiC (6 μm) and then with Al2O3 (2 μm). A scratch-test was carried out and the sample was analyzed using the JEOL JSM-840 analytical SEM at an electron beam energy of 20 keV. All secondary electron (grayscale) and x-ray images (256x256x8 pixel resolution) were taken using digital imaging hardware on a Tracor Northern TN-5500 system.

The fundamental experiments x-ray imaging driven by electron beam

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Neo ◽  
Ryuji Suzuki ◽  
Toru Aoki ◽  
Hidenori Mmimura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Characterisation of Chemical Vapour Deposited AlHfN Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rauchenwald ◽  
Mario Lessiak ◽  
Ronald Weissenbacher ◽  
Sabine Schwarz ◽  
Roland Haubner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hcl Gas

Chemical vapour deposited HfN can be utilised as a component of multilayer systems in protective coatings on cutting tools. In this study, related AlHfN coatings were synthesized through a reaction of metallic hafnium and aluminium with HCl gas forming gaseous HfCl4 and AlCl3, which were subsequently transported into a heated coating reactor. Via high temperatures and separately introduced NH3 and N2 as reaction gases, AlHfN coatings were deposited on hardmetal inserts. By varying the ratio between AlCl3 and HfCl4, compositionally different AlHfN coatings were examined. Additionally, surface morphology, composition as well as crystalline phases of the obtained coatings were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the microstructure of the cross section of a coating was investigated via transmission electron microscopy. The observations revealed a great impact of the gas composition on the morphology and crystal structures of the coatings. Within the layer, the growth of columnar microstructures was detected. Additionally, the formation of an amorphous HfN intermediate layer between the substrate and the AlHfN with a thickness of approximately 2 nm was found.

scholarly journals A soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at SACLA: the light source, photon beamline and experimental station

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Owada ◽  
Kazuaki Togawa ◽  
Takahiro Inagaki ◽  
Toru Hara ◽  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Electron Beam Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Source Test

The design and performance of a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline of the SPring-8 Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) are described. The SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator, a prototype machine of SACLA, was relocated to the SACLA undulator hall for dedicated use for the soft X-ray FEL beamline. Since the accelerator is operated independently of the SACLA main linac that drives the two hard X-ray beamlines, it is possible to produce both soft and hard X-ray FEL simultaneously. The FEL pulse energy reached 110 µJ at a wavelength of 12.4 nm (i.e.photon energy of 100 eV) with an electron beam energy of 780 MeV.

scholarly journals Calibration and Performance of the REgolith X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) Aboard NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Mission to Bennu

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesub Hong ◽  
Richard P. Binzel ◽  
Branden Allen ◽  
David Guevel ◽  
Jonathan Grindlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Tracking based, high-resolution single-shot multimodal x-ray imaging in the laboratory enabled by the sub-pixel resolution capabilities of the MÖNCH detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 264101
Author(s):  
E. S. Dreier ◽  
A. Bergamaschi ◽  
G. K. Kallon ◽  
R. Brönnimann ◽  
U. L. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Resolution Single

scholarly journals Staying Ahead of the Game: Adaptive Robust Optimization for Dynamic Allocation of Threat Screening Resources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marie Mc Carthy ◽  
Phebe Vayanos ◽  
Milind Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Linear Decision Rules ◽  
And Performance

We consider the problem of dynamically allocating screening resources of different efficacies (e.g., magnetic or X-ray imaging) at checkpoints (e.g., at airports or ports) to successfully avert an attack by one of the screenees. Previously, the Threat Screening Game model was introduced to address this problem under the assumption that screenee arrival times are perfectly known. In reality, arrival times are uncertain, which severely impedes the implementability and performance of this approach. We thus propose a novel framework for dynamic allocation of threat screening resources that explicitly accounts for uncertainty in the screenee arrival times. We model the problem as a multistage robust optimization problem and propose a tractable solution approach using compact linear decision rules combined with robust reformulation and constraint randomization. We perform extensive numerical experiments which showcase that our approach outperforms (a) exact solution methods in terms of tractability, while incurring only a very minor loss in optimality, and (b) methods that ignore uncertainty in terms of both feasibility and optimality.

scholarly journals A phase-retrieval toolbox for X-ray holography and tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon M. Lohse ◽  
Anna-Lena Robisch ◽  
Mareike Töpperwien ◽  
Simon Maretzke ◽  
Martin Krenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
And Performance

Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging is by now a well established imaging technique, which – as a full-field technique – is particularly useful for tomography applications. Since it can be implemented with synchrotron radiation and at laboratory micro-focus sources, it covers a wide range of applications. A limiting factor in its development has been the phase-retrieval step, which was often performed using methods with a limited regime of applicability, typically based on linearization. In this work, a much larger set of algorithms, which covers a wide range of cases (experimental parameters, objects and constraints), is compiled into a single toolbox – the HoloTomoToolbox – which is made publicly available. Importantly, the unified structure of the implemented phase-retrieval functions facilitates their use and performance test on different experimental data.

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