S/N Ratio Characteristics of the Imaging Plate System for A TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Osuna ◽  
M. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Plate System

The fundamental characteristics of the Imaging Plate System for a TEM (TEM-IP System) have already been ascertained and the system has began to be put to practical use in various fields of transmission electron microscopy. When considering the practicability of any image recording device, the “image quality” is an important factor.In this study, the S/N ratio of the TEM-IP System, one of the evaluation factors for the “image quality” of the system is estimated.Signal measurement was carried out under two readout conditions high resolution mode (HR-Mode) and high sensitivity mode (HS-Mode), which are available in the IP-reader of the PIXsysTEM. In order to distinguish between instrumental noise (system noise) and noninstrumental noise (quantum noise), the S/N ratio was measured as a function of the electron dose, and the dose was widely varied in the dynamic range of the system.

Method for Reduction of Quantum Noise Recorded on Imaging Plate at Low Dosage

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
Arira Ishikawa ◽  
Hitoshi Suda ◽  
Akira Fukami ◽  
Tetsuo Oikawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Arai
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photostimulable Phosphor ◽  
Low Dosage

To record radiation sensitive specimens at low dosage, a recording media with high sensitivity is required. Conventionally, some x-ray films have been used for this purpose. According to our experiences, however, its own granular noise is so severe that the practical sensitivity is restricted to the order of 10-13 C/cm2. The imaging plate (IP), recently developed for a transmission electron microscope, is a promising recording media, as it has a wide dynamic range, good linearity and high sensitivity of the order of 1×10-14 C/cm2 for the electron beam. The grain size of photostimulable phosphor, which composes the phosphor layer in the IP, is about 5 μm. As image recorded in the IP is read out as the digital image with the pixel size of 50 μm, the granularity of the IP can be negligible. The increase of the quantum noise, due to the fluctuation of the number of electrons per each pixel, at the low dosage will restrict the practical sensitivity of the IP. In order to raise this sensitivity, we applied the filtering technique which was developed for reduction of the granular noise of high sensitive x-ray film.

Estimation of the noise in TEM image recorded on “imaging plate”

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Katoh ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Total System ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Recording Material ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The “Imaging Plate”(IP) is a highly sensitive image recording plate for X-ray radiography. It has been ascertained that the IP has superior properties and high practicability as an image recording material in a TEM. The sensitivity, one of the properties, is about 3 orders higher than that of conventional photo film. The IP is expected to be applied to low dose techniques. In this paper, an estimation of the quantum noise on the TEM image which appears in case of low electron dose on the IP is reported.In this experiment, the JEM-2000FX TEM and an IP having the same size as photo film were used.Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the total system including the TEM used in this experiment. In the reader, He-Ne laser light is scanned across the IP, then blue light is emitted from the IP.

Quantum noise characteristics in TEM images measured by means of imaging plate

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

In the observation of the beam sensitive specimens, it is required to minimize the electron dose. At a very low electron dose, however, the electrons themselves become quantum noise, thus lowering the image quality regardlessly of the performance of the detectors. In the present study, the relationship of quantum noise with the image signal included in TEM images has been measured by means of the Imaging Plate (IP), which is a high sensitivity detector.The instrument used was the TEM-IP system, a PIXsysTEM based on the JEM-2000FXII.Phase contrast images of the amorphous film were taken at a very low dose where quantum noise is dominant. The images were taken using an objective lens with a spherical aberration constant of 2.3 mm and an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The spatial frequencies included in the images were estimated by Fourier transformation, which was carried out on the IP-processor of the PIXsysTEM, by using the original data from the IP. In this experiment, it was already ascertained that system noise (noise due to the instrument) is negligible.

Development of imaging plate for a TEM and its characteristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Oikawa ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reading System

The Imaging Plate (IP) is a new type imaging device, which was developed for diagnostic x ray imaging. We have reported that usage of the IP for a TEM has many merits; those are high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and good linearity. However in the previous report the reading system was prototype drum-type-scanner, and IP was also experimentally made, which phosphor layer was 50μm thick with no protective layer. So special care was needed to handle them, and they were used only to make sure the basic characteristics. In this article we report the result of newly developed reading, printing system and high resolution IP for practical use. We mainly discuss the characteristics of the IP here. (Precise performance concerned with the reader and other system are reported in the other article.)Fig.1 shows the schematic cross section of the IP. The IP consists of three parts; protective layer, phosphor layer and support.

Application of Imaging Plate to High-Voltage Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Seiji Isoda ◽  
Kimitsugu Saitoh ◽  
Sakumi Moriguchi ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Recording Material

On the observation of structures by high resolution electron microscopy, recording materials with high sensitivity and high quality is awaited, especially for the study of radiation sensitive specimens. Such recording material should be easily combined with the minimum dose system and cryoprotection method. Recently a new recording material, imaging plate, comes to be widely used in X-ray radiography and also in electron microscopy, because of its high sensitivity, high quality and the easiness in handling the images with a computer. The properties of the imaging plate in 100 to 400 kV electron microscopes were already discussed and the effectiveness was revealed.It is demanded to study the applicability of the imaging plate to high voltage electron microscopy. The quality of the imaging plate was investigated using an imaging plate system (JEOL EM-HSR100) equipped in a new Kyoto 1000kV electron microscope. In the system both the imaging plate and films can be introduced together into the camera chamber. Figure 1 shows the effect of accelerating voltage on read-out signal intensities from the imaging plate. The characteristic of commercially available imaging plates is unfortunately optimized for 100 to 200 keV electrons and then for 600 to 1000 keV electrons the signal is reduced. In the electron dose range of 10−13 to 10−10 C/cm2, the signal increases linearly with logarithm of electron dose in all acceralating volatges.

scholarly journals Performance assessment of imaging plates for the JHR transfer Neutron Imaging System

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
E. Simon ◽  
P. Guimbal
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Imaging Plates

The underwater Neutron Imaging System to be installed in the Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR-NIS) is based on a transfer method using a neutron activated beta-emitter like Dysprosium. The information stored in the converter is to be offline transferred on a specific imaging system, still to be defined. Solutions are currently under investigation for the JHR-NIS in order to anticipate the disappearance of radiographic films commonly used in these applications. We report here the performance assessment of Computed Radiography imagers (Imaging Plates) performed at LLB/Orphée (CEA Saclay). Several imaging plate types are studied, in one hand in the configuration involving an intimate contact with an activated dysprosium foil converter: Fuji BAS-TR, Fuji UR-1 and Carestream Flex XL Blue imaging plates, and in the other hand by using a prototypal imaging plate doped with dysprosium and thus not needing any contact with a separate converter foil. The results for these imaging plates are compared with those obtained with gadolinium doped imaging plate used in direct neutron imaging (Fuji BAS-ND). The detection performances of the different imagers are compared regarding resolution and noise. The many advantages of using imaging plates over radiographic films (high sensitivity, linear response, high dynamic range) could palliate its lower intrinsic resolution.

Detective Quantum Efficiency of 25μm Pixel Imaging Plate

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
A. Taniyama ◽  
D. Shindo ◽  
T. Oikawa ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Detective Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Wide Dynamic Range ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Mean Square Fluctuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Exposure

The 25μm pixel Imaging Plate (IP) is expected to apply to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) because of its higher spatial resolution than the 50μm pixel IP. It seems that the 25μm pixel IP, which has wide dynamic range and good linearity, is effective for HRTEM with low exposure to reduce electron radiation damage. In order to apply the IP to the HRTEM appropriately, it is necessary to understand the detective efficiency of the IP. In this paper, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the 25μm pixel IP at accelerating voltages of 100, 200 and 1250kV are presented and a suitable amount of electron exposure for HRTEM is discussed.DQE is expressed as the comparative noise level (σi2/σo2) measured by the ratio of the mean-square fluctuation of incident electrons (σi2) to that of output signal (σo2). In this experiment, the distribution of the incident electrons was assumed to be Poisson statistics.

Application of Imaging Plate for X-Ray Diffractometry

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Shibata ◽  
Katsunari Sasaki ◽  
Takao Kinefuchi
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Electric Device

AbstractThe Fuji Imaging Plate (IP) is a 2-dimensional detector in which a latent X-ray image is stored as a distribution of color centers on a photostimulable phosphor (BaFBr:Eu2+) screen. It has a large effective area, wide dynamic range and high sensitivity. Thus it has been widely used not only in medical but also in scientific and industrial fields. Particularly in X-ray structure analysis, mainly of proteins, it has been used extensively and achieved good results.On the other hand, few applications have been reported in the field except for structure analysis, in spite of the superior performance of the IP which will give significant advantages in various measurements which have been done using an X-ray film such as electric device and fiber specimen.Therefore we report here the basic performance of R-AXIS II(Rigaku Automated X-Ray Imaging System II), an IP reader made by Rigaku, and some applications of X-ray diffraction measurements using IP.

Direct Observation of Diffraction Arcs from Nanoscale Precipitates in Steels by Highly Brilliant and Focused Synchrotron Radiation Beam and Imaging Plate

1994 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takagi ◽  
Yoshitaka Okitsu ◽  
Toshiyasu Ukena
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation Beam ◽  
Radiation Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTDirect observation of diffraction arcs by X-ray from nanoscale precipitates in steels has become possible for the first time by using a highly brilliant and focused synchrotron radiation beam at BL3A of Photon Factory, and also by using an “imaging plate”, a two dimensional X-ray detector which has a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity. For examples, most of the diffraction arcs from ε-Cu precipitates (∼200 Å in diameter and ∼1 at. % in concentration) in Cu-added steels were observed. The method can apply to nondestructive and in-situ observation of creation and growth processes of the precipitates which has close relationships to various physical properties of the matrix steels.

COMPARISON OF IMAGE QUALITY BETWEE HIGH SENSITIVITY IMAGING PLATE WITH FREQUENCY PROCESSING AND LOW SENSITIVITY IMAGING PLATE

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
SADAMITSU NISHIHARA ◽  
KEIKO OHMURA ◽  
AKIYOSHI OHTSUKA ◽  
KATSUHIKO UEDA ◽  
SYUICHI YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Frequency Processing
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