Regional variation in perineurial cell basal lamina thickness in nerves of diabetics

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
John L. Beggs ◽  
Peter C. Johnson ◽  
C. Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Perineurial Cell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Altered Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Syndrome ◽  
Perineurial Cells ◽  
Perineurial Sheath

The perineurial sheath, composed of multiple layers of perineurial cells, plays an important role in maintaining an optimal endoneurial environment. Alterations in the perineurial sheath have an effect on nerve function and may play a role in the formation of neuropathy. Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Perineurial cell basal lamina (PCBL) thickening is associated with the diabetic syndrome and the degree of thickening is correlated with the duration of diabetes. The process of basal lamina (BL) thickening in capillaries as well as perineurial cells has been the subject of numerous studies. Some investigators have suggested that the process of BL thickening is directly related to altered metabolism, e.g. hyperglycemia. If hyperglycemia is directly related to PCBL thickening in the nerves of diabetics, it is likely that the degree of BL thickening would be relatively uniform thoughout the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

scholarly journals Expression Of Cytokeratin 18 In The Peripheral Nerves

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
E. Marettová
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Myelinated Nerves ◽  
Perineurial Cells ◽  
Perineurial Sheath

Abstract The perineurium constitutes the basis for the regulation of endoneurial fluid homeostasis. In the work presented here, cytokeratin 18, as an immunohistochemical marker for epithelial cells, was used to identify the perineurium in the peripheral nerves of two species. Two organs, rich in peripheral nerves, were used; the tongue of the bull and the ductus deferens of the male goat. Special attention was paid to one of the the nerve sheath cells - the perineurial cells of myelinated nerves in the skeletal muscle of the tongue and in the smooth muscle in the wall of the ductus deferens. A positive reaction to cytokeratin 18 was found in the perineurial cells of the perineurial sheath in the nerves of various sizes. No difference in the reactivity was observed between the peripheral nerves of the tongue and that of the ductus deferens.

Traumatic Iatrogenic Complications Associated with Orthodontic Treatments: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Shaadi Manouchehri ◽  
Ali Rezaei Haddad ◽  
Kaveh Shakib
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Iatrogenic Complications ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
The Subject

Adverse outcomes of orthodontic treatment have been reported in the literature, yet there are currently no systematic reviews on the subject. We undertook a comprehensive review of the literature using the Medline and Ovid electronic databases, complemented by manual searching. The occurrence of unforeseen iatrogenic traumatic complications due to orthodontic treatment was used as the primary outcome. Traumatic iatrogenic complications associated with orthodontic treatment are infrequent. The most common complication reported is ingestion of orthodontic components. In the majority of the cases, management of the offending agent resulted in complete recovery without further complaint. The exception to this is ocular injury sustained as a result of improper use of or accidental injuries related to orthodontic headgear. These injuries are potentially devastating for the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic treatment is carried out routinely and it is important to be aware of the unexpected complications that can occur during treatment and their consequences.

scholarly journals Irish chronicles as sources for the history of northern Britain, A.D. 660–800

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Nicholas Evans
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Common Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This article studies the subject matter, details, and vocabulary of the Irish chronicle record relating to northern Britain from A.D. 660 to 800 in order to establish its sources. It rejects theories that the record from 660 to 740 preserves Applecross, Northern British or Pictish chronicles, arguing that an ‘Iona Chronicle’ accounts for nearly all items for northern Britain, and some, but not all, for Ireland. ‘The Iona Chronicle’ was a contemporary text whose style and interests gradually evolved over the period. After 740 the more limited evidence indicates that Iona and somewhere in southern Pictland probably provided written notices of events, but that the record's final form was produced in Ireland. The combination of common features and regional variation reflects the existence of more multiple ‘centres of recording’ which provided written notices of events to the ‘centres of chronicling’ at Iona and later Ireland, where the surviving chronicle text was produced.

PERINEURIAL CELL TUMOR AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PERINEURIAL CELLS IN NEUROFIBROMA

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Ushigome ◽  
Toshifumi Takakuwa ◽  
Masaaki Hyūga ◽  
Mamoru Tadokoro ◽  
Toshihito Shinagawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Perineurial Cell ◽  
Perineurial Cells

scholarly journals Perineurial cells coexpress genes encoding interstitial collagens and basement membrane zone components.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jaakkola ◽  
J Peltonen ◽  
J J Uitto
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane Zone ◽  
Type I ◽  
Perineurial Cell ◽  
Interstitial Collagens ◽  
In Situ Hybridizations ◽  
Perineurial Cells

Perineurial cell cultures were established from the sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats. Highly enriched cultures were studied with respect to the production of extracellular matrix components under conditions free from the influence of Schwann cells, axons, or the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerves. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of collagen type IV epitopes, and electron microscopy demonstrated patches of basement membrane on the perineurial cell surfaces. Collagenous fibrils with a diameter of 15-20 nm were also observed in the intracellular space. SDS-PAGE of radiolabeled medium proteins showed a pattern of bands suggesting the synthesis and secretion of fibronectin, and type I and IV collagens. Northern hybridizations revealed characteristic polymorphic mRNA transcripts corresponding to fibronectin, laminin B2 chain, as well as to the alpha-chain subunits of type I, III, and IV collagens. Furthermore, in situ hybridizations suggested expression of these genes by cultured perineurial cells without apparent heterogeneity within the cell populations. In situ hybridizations of sciatic nerve tissue from 2-wk-old rats also suggested that perineurial cells express alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(IV) collagen, as well as laminin B2 chain genes in vivo. This profile of matrix gene expression is different from that of Schwann cells, which do not synthesize fibronectin, or that of fibroblastic cells, which do not form a cell surface basement membrane. The capability of perineurial cells to express genes for the basement membrane zone and for interstitial collagens further adds to our understanding of the functional role of perineurial cells in developing and healing peripheral nerve, as well as in certain neoplastic lesions of neural origin, such as von Recklinghausen's neurofibromas.

Dermal nerves in monzygotic twins discordant for diabetes: Morphometric study of perineurial cell basement membrane

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
J. L. Beggs ◽  
P. C. Johnson ◽  
C. J. Watkins ◽  
A. G. Olafsen ◽  
C. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Perineurial Cell ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Unmyelinated Nerve ◽  
Perineurial Sheath

Nerves in the dermal layer of skin are typically composed of several myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers surrounded by a perineurial sheath. Generally, this sheath is composed of one to two perineurial cell layers. The perineurial sheath helps to maintain a suitable environment for proper nerve function (1) and morphological changes in the sheath may cause nerve dysfunction (2). Perineurial cell basement membrane (PCBM) becomes thickened in diabetics and this phenomenon has been viewed as a diagnostic aid in the detection of diabetes (3). Since other factors (e.g. genetics, aging, vascular disease) may play a role in basement membrane morphology, we undertook this study of dermal nerves from identical twins discordant for diabetes to determine the effects of diabetic dysmetabolism on morphological changes in the PCBM. Since monozygotic twins have an identical genetic composition, it is likely that any significant differences in the dermal nerve would be due to factors related to diabetes.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes related to the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults - a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Aparecida Viana ◽  
Déborah Maciel Cavalcanti Rosa ◽  
Alexandre Ricardo Pepe Ambrozin ◽  
Renata Croce Megna Andrade ◽  
Maurício Jamami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
R Software ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Introduction: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication found in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and is associated with increased mortality, length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation (MV) time. Objective: To determine the incidence of VAP and its impact on the clinical course of the subject undergoing invasive MV in the ICU. Methods: This is a cohort study of hospitalized subjects in the general adult ICU of the State Hospital of Bauru / SP. The clinical information for the period of 19 months were collected. Stratification for the groups was based on the presence or absence of VAP, free_VAP and VAP, respectively. The Hotelling T² with 95% confidence, chi-square and the Mann-Whitney tests were executed using the "R" software and the results showed as mean ± standard deviation and absolute and relative distribution (p < 0.05). Results: The sample was of 322 subjects; the VAP group consisted of 73 (22.67%), 54.79% male, age: 62.31±16.96 years and the APACHE II: 29.98 ± 8.64. The VAP group had longer time of the MV and of the ICU compared to free VAP group; even in this group, the highest incidence of death in the ICU occurred between the 16th and 20th day of hospitalization. The free VAP group was older and 50% of the patients discharged from hospital. Conclusion: VAP and their interfaces still impact on the clinical evolution of the subjects mainly on the time factor of MV and ICU stay. The highest incidence of death in the ICU occurs in the first weeks.

scholarly journals Varicella Zoster Virus Alters Expression of Cell Adhesion Proteins in Human Perineurial Cells via Interleukin 6

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Blackmon ◽  
Christina N Como ◽  
Andrew N Bubak ◽  
Teresa Mescher ◽  
Dallas Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Receptor Antibody ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Perineurial Cell ◽  
Perineurial Cells ◽  
E Cadherin

AbstractBackgroundIn temporal arteries (TAs) from patients with giant cell arteritis, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is seen in perineurial cells that surround adventitial nerve bundles and form the peripheral nerve-extrafascicular tissue barrier (perineurium). We hypothesized that during VZV reactivation from ganglia, virus travels transaxonally and disrupts the perineurium to infect surrounding cells.MethodsMock- and VZV-infected primary human perineurial cells (HPNCs) were examined for alterations in claudin-1, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Conditioned supernatant was analyzed for a soluble factor(s) mediating these alterations and for the ability to increase cell migration. To corroborate in vitro findings, a VZV-infected TA was examined.ResultsIn VZV-infected HPNCs, claudin-1 redistributed to the nucleus; E-cadherin was lost and N-cadherin gained, with similar changes seen in VZV-infected perineurial cells in a TA. VZV-conditioned supernatant contained increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) that induced E-cadherin loss and N-cadherin gain and increased cell migration when added to uninfected HPNCs; anti-IL-6 receptor antibody prevented these changes.ConclusionsIL-6 secreted from VZV-infected HPNCs facilitated changes in E- and N-cadherin expression and cell migration, reminiscent of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition, potentially contributing to loss of perineurial cell barrier integrity and viral spread. Importantly, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody prevented virus-induced perineurial cell disruption.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document