Combination Effects of Low Rates of Fluridone and Bentazon

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
J. P. Sterrett
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Combination Effects ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Environment Chamber

The response of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. #3CYPES) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. # CIRAR] to combinations of low rates of fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone} and bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,l,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] was determined in a controlled environment chamber and on Canada thistle in the field. In the growth chamber, injury to yellow nutsedge was increased with 24 g ai/ha fluridone combined with 323 g ai/ha bentazon. Either 2.7 or 5.4 g/ha fluridone combined with 27 g/ha bentazon caused uniform injury to Canada thistle. In the field, the combinations of 5.6 g/ha fluridone with either 28 or 2800 g/ha bentazon was phytotoxic to Canada thistle.

Translocation of14C-Glyphosate and14CO2-Labeled Photoassimilates in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray S. McAllister ◽  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Treated Leaf

Translocation of14CO2-labeled photoassimilates was compared to movement of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] under field and controlled-environment conditions. Field-grown Canada thistle plants were treated on mature upper leaves at the midflower stage in mid-June and harvested 8 days later. No differences were found in glyphosate and assimilate distribution, and movement was primarily basipetal. Of the glyphosate and photoassimilates translocated from the treated leaves, 25 and 31%, respectively, were recovered from the roots, while 59 and 58%, respectively, were found in the shoot tissue below the treated leaf. Concentration of labeled glyphosate in the roots as much as 95 cm from the treated shoot was as high as at the base of the treated shoot. Photoperiods that induce flowering (15 h) or maintain vegetative growth (13 h) did not differentially affect the distribution of photoassimilates or glyphosate in 7-week-old Canada thistle plants in the growth chamber. In growth chamber-grown plants equivalent amounts of glyphosate and assimilates were translocated out of treated leaves; however, relatively more glyphosate than photoassimilates accumulated in the roots.

Control of Nutsedge with Organic Arsenical Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Nonradioactive and14C-labeled arsenical herbicides were applied to foliage of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) grown under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. Disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) controlled purple nutsedge better at 20 and 29 C than at 13 C. Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) was as effective in controlling this weed at 13 C as at 20 and 29 C. DSMA and MSMA provided 80% or greater control of yellow nutsedge grown at the three temperatures. When plants were treated with14C-DSMA and14C-MSMA, greater radioactivity was detected in yellow nutsedge than in purple nutsedge. The apparent differential herbicide penetration of purple and yellow nutsedge leaves is believed to have contributed substantially to the control of nutsedge observed in this study.

Developmental and Environmental Effects on Assimilate Partitioning in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tworkoski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Flower Bud

Under field conditions, more photoassimilate moved to roots of Canada thistle at the bolt than at the bud, flower, or postflower stages. Similarly, greater photoassimilate accumulated in roots of Canada thistle in the greenhouse at the rosette and bolt than at the flower bud stage. Growth chamber experiments indicated that environmental conditions typical of fall, and possibly early spring, favored photoassimilate movement to the root and superseded growth stage control of assimilate partitioning. Allocation of assimilate within the root was strongly influenced by growth stage, with most assimilate being utilized for growth at the rosette stage and for fructan reserves in bolt and flower bud stages.

Response of two Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) varieties to herbicides

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zand ◽  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
H. A. Loeppky
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Canada Thistle

Field observations suggested that control of Canada thistle variety horridumby hexazinone was greater than that of variety integrifolium. To confirm these observations, the response of these two varieties to hexazinone and 13 other herbicides was examined under controlled environment conditions. The tolerance of the variety integrifoliumto hexazinone was 40% greater compared with the variety horridum. Differences in shoot growth response between the two varieties were not detected from any of the other herbicides. Key words: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense, variety horridum, variety integrifolium, hexazinone

Effect of Bud vs Rosette Growth Stage on Translocation of14C-Glyphosate in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Basal Portion

The effect of photoperiod and growth stage on translocation of14C-glyphosate was compared in Canada thistle plants at the bud and rosette stage of growth. Canada thistle plants grown under controlled environment conditions with a 10 h photoperiod remained as low growing rosettes and developed a mature root system. When the photoperiod for half of these plants was increased to 16 h, stem elongation occurred and flowering was initiated. Growth stage at the time of application affected the distribution of14C-glyphosate within the elongated shoot and between the shoot and root. The shoot tissue of the bud stage plants contained 25.9% of the14C-glyphosate recovered, while the rosette plants contained only 3.6%; a seven-fold difference.14C-glyphosate was applied to leaves 19 and 20, which corresponded to the mid-point of the elongated stem of the bud-stage plants. In the bud-stage plants,14C-glyphosate moved preferentially into the apical portion of the stem, with three to four times as much in the apical portion of the elongated stem as in the basal portion. In the roots, the effect of growth stage on distribution of14C-glyphosate was reversed, application at the rosette stage resulted in a four-fold increase in the amount of14C-glyphosate in the root. When applied in the rosette stage, 19.1% of the14C-glyphosate detected was in the root compared to only 4.9% when applied at the bud stage. Although the root of the rosette plants was larger than in bud-stage plants, the concentration of14C-glyphosate in the root tissue of the rosette plants was three times greater. Photoperiod indirectly affected the distribution of14C-glyphosate in Canada thistle by its effect on growth.

Puccinia punctiformisAffects Growth and Reproduction of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary F. Thomas ◽  
Thomas J. Tworkoski ◽  
Richard C. French ◽  
Gerald R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In growth chamber research, infection byPuccinia punctiformis, a rust fungus, reduced flowering and vegetative reproduction in Canada thistle. Disease symptoms were greatest when Canada thistle roots were stored at 5, 10, or 15 C following inoculation. Exposure of roots to different temperatures before inoculation did not affect disease. All Canada thistle clones tested, regardless of gender became diseased although there were differences in susceptibility toP. punctiformis.

Enhanced Response of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) to Bentazon or Glyphosate by Gibberellin

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Sterrett ◽  
Richard H. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Bean Plants

Gibberellin-enhanced response of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Black Valentine’) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] to bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was determined on both species under controlled photoperiods in the growth chamber and on Canada thistle under natural conditions in the field. Pretreatment of bean plants in the growth chamber with 10 mg/L gibberellin (GA3or GA4/7) more than doubled the herbicidal effect of 1600 mg/L bentazon treatments. Pretreatment of Canada thistle plants in the growth chamber with 100 mg/L GA4/7increased the herbicidal effect of 50 mg/L bentazon applications more than four-fold, and that of 400 mg/L glyphosate applications by more than two-fold. The phytotoxicity of bentazon to field-grown Canada thistle increased 10% or more in populations pretreated with 25 g/ha gibberellin; and that of 840 g/ha glyphosate was similarly increased. The effectiveness of a higher glyphosate dosage (1680 g/ha) was not significantly increased by GA pretreatment. Plants induced to bolt with gibberellin (GA4/7) were injured more by bentazon than were plants that bolted naturally.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Competitive Nature

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate various herbicides for yellow nutsedge control and peanut yields. Three applications of pyridate provided control comparable to two applications of bentazon with yellow nutsedge regrowth beginning 3 to 4 wk after application depending on moisture conditions. Crop oil concentrate did not improve the activity of pyridate. Flurtamone provided control comparable with that of metolachlor. Nutsedge control with fomesafen was erratic with peanut injury noted. Peanut yields did not reflect the competitive nature of nutsedge.

Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Chlorsulfuron in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Both14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzensulfonamide} were readily absorbed by Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] leaves, with 99 and 75%, respectively, of the applied doses absorbed 144 h after application. Absorbed14C-clopyralid was rapidly exported from the treated leaves, whereas14C-chlorsulfuron was translocated much more slowly. After 144 h, 29% of the applied14C-clopyralid and 5% of the applied14C-chlorsulfuron were recovered in the roots and developing root buds of Canada thistle plants. Smaller amounts of the two herbicides were absorbed and translocated in perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL. ♯ SONAR) than in Canada thistle. More14C-clopyralid than14C-chlorsulfuron was absorbed and translocated out of treated leaves of perennial sowthistle, but equal amounts, 3 to 4% of the applied doses, were recovered in the roots and root buds 144 h after application. Foliar applications of clopyralid, followed by removal of the treated shoot 24, 72, or 144 h after application, markedly reduced shoot regrowth in both Canada thistle and perennial sowthistle. Similar treatment with chlorsulfuron did not prevent shoot regrowth in either species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document