Germination and Growth of Leafflower (Phyllanthus urinaria) as Affected by Cultural Conditions and Herbicides

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jesse A. Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Phyllanthus Urinaria ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Factors affecting the germination and seedling growth of leafflower were evaluated. Germination required exposure to light. Seeds covered with a 1-cm deep layer of pine bark mulch failed to emerge. Maximum seedling development occurred in full exposure to sunlight; shading that reduced light intensity more than 26% was inhibitory. Maximum seed germination (79%) occurred between 25 and 35 C; temperatures outside this range were inhibitory. Germination was strongly influenced by osmotic potential. Osmotic potentials of 0, 304, and 507 kPa resulted in 85, 24 and 14% germination, respectively. PRE applications of either granular formulated oxadiazon at 4.5 kg ha–1, or premixed granular formulated oxyfluorfen + oryzalin at 4.6 + 2.3 kg ha–1, provided a minimum of 85% control. The following POST treatments provided a minimum of 90% control of mature plants: paraquat at 0.21 kg ha–1, glyphosate at 0.56 kg ha–1, oxyfluorfen at 1.12 kg ha–1, and acifluorfen at 2.24 kg ha–1.

scholarly journals Muskmelon seed germination and seedling development in response to seed priming

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Marcos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Important factors affecting seed priming have not been extensively reported in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) studies. The optimization of the seed priming technique becomes very important at the commercial scale. Little information has been reported on seedling development of muskmelon subsequent to seed priming. Seeds of muskmelon were primed in darkness at 25°C in different solutions and three osmotic potentials. Seeds were also primed with and without aeration during different periods. In relation to osmotic solutions, an osmotic potential around -1.30 MPa is most adequate for muskmelon priming. Salt solutions gave better germination rate but were deleterious for seed germination, especially at higher osmotic potentials. Aeration of the soaking salt solution gave faster germination at 17°C, and because of the early germination, these treatments probably presented a better seedling development. Deleterious effect on total seed germination was observed for long soaking periods with aeration. Fungal growth increased on seeds primed in aerated solutions. Seeds from priming treatments had a better germination rate and seedling development under 17 and 25°C.

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

Germination and Seedling Development of Fringed Sagebrush (Artemisia frigida)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Optimum germination of fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigidaWilld.) occurred at alternating temperatures of 10 to 20 C. Seeds were able to germinate (15%) in NaCl concentrations of 5000 ppmw. Light was important in seed germination; however, its absence could be overcome by adding 30 ppmw GA3(gibberellic acid) to the germination medium. Optimum pH for germination was between 5.8 and 7.0. Depth of planting influenced seedling emergence; the greatest emergence occurred when seeds were planted on the soil surface; emergence was lower when seeds were buried at any depth in the soil. Osmotic potentials of −13 bars and greater reduced germination, but 6% of the seeds germinated at −15 bars. Fringed sagebrush seedlings tolerated average plant water potentials of −10 to −19 bars and died when water potentials were decreased to −22 bars. Mature fringed sagebrush plants were capable of producing from 16500 to 190000 seeds/plant.

Effect of pretreatment of pine seeds with herbicides on seed germination and growth of young seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski ◽  
J. H. Torrie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of 24-hour pretreatment of Pinus resinosa Ait. seeds with herbicides, before the seeds are planted in soil, was studied on seed germination and seedling development over a 34-day period. Atrazine, simazine, or propazine at 200, 500, or 1000 p.p.m. did not affect seed germination significantly. At 500 and 1000 p.p.m. CDEC and EPTC had little or no effect on seed germination whereas CDAA and 2,4-D markedly inhibited both early and final germination. Atrazine and simazine were very toxic to young pine seedlings, with toxicity proportional to herbicide dosage. In contrast to atrazine and simazine, propazine did not kill seedlings during the 34 days of the experiment. At 500 p.p.m. CDEC and EPTC began to kill young seedlings at 24 days; 2,4-D at 27 days. CDAA, which had suppressed seed germination greatly, did not kill young seedlings. Marked morphogenic changes in seedlings were caused by pretreatment of the seed with EPTC, CDEC, or 2,4-D. CDEC and EPTC caused fused cotyledons; 2,4-D caused swollen stems and shrivelled cotyledons. At about 20 days after planting, the primary leaves of plants whose seeds had been treated with EPTC or CDEC (500 p.p.m.) emerged through a split at the base of the fused cotyledons. Higher dosages of these herbicides suppressed emergence of primary needles.

GREEN FOXTAIL: SEED DORMANCY, GERMINATION AND GROWTH

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moist Storage ◽  
Competitive Efficiency ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Reduced Temperature

Green foxtail seed exhibited complete or near-complete dormancy when freshly harvested. This dormancy was overcome most readily during moist storage at 6 C for three to six weeks. Seed germination occurred over a wide range of temperature, but most rapidly at or above 25 C. Seedlings emerged readily from planting depths up to 8 cm. Plants emerging as late as the end of July could still produce seeds during the same season. Implications of the findings for green foxtail control are discussed. Severely restricted growth of green foxtail under reduced temperature and light intensity is considered to account for at least part of the reported low competitive efficiency of green foxtail infestations in field crops in western Canada.

Effect of Alachlor, Propachlor, and Prynachlor on GA3-induced Production of Protease and α-Amylase

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sivaji Rao ◽  
William B. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Germination And Growth

Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) and prynachlor [2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-2-propynyl)acetanilide], inhibited gibberellic acid (GA3),-induced production of protease and α-amylase in deembryonated barley (Hordeum vulgareL, ‘Schuyler’) seed. Production of protease was more sensitive to these herbicides than α-amylase. The degree of inhibition of protease and α-amylase production caused by alachlor was equivalent to that caused by cycloheximide, puromycin and actinomycin-D, known protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Higher GA3concentrations reversed the inhibition of protease and α-amylase synthesis caused by alachlor but did not reduce the effect of alachlor on barley seed germination and growth. It is concluded that the inhibition of protease and α-amylase production by alachlor is perhaps only one of several effects on early seed germination and seedling development.

Factors Affecting Goatweed (Scoparia dulcis) Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Jain ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Goatweed seeds require light for germination, with optimum germination occurring at 25/20 or 30/25 C day/night temperatures. Germination was 8.5% 7 days after incubation at 20/15 C. At 15/10 C, no germination occurred, irrespective of the light treatment. Chilling at 4 C for 10 days prior to incubation at 30/25 C did not induce germination of dark-incubated seeds and had no effect on germination of light-incubated seeds. A photoperiod of at least 1 h daily was required to induce germination. Maximum germination, however, occurred with a 9-h photoperiod. Light intensity as low as 25 μE·m–2·s–1induced germination of goatweed seeds. Germination percentage increased with an increase in light intensity. Treatment with 1 mM gibberellic acid or 10 or 100 mM sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate solution was effective in enhancing germination of light-incubated seeds, but not in inducing germination of dark-incubated seeds. Ammonium nitrate at 10 and 100 mM was more effective than sodium nitrate at the same concentrations in enhancing germination of goatweed seeds in the light. Ammonium chloride did not increase percent germination over that of seeds incubated in distilled water in the light. Germination percentage was maximum at pH 10 and at osmotic potentials 0.0 MPa.

The influences of simulated moisture stress conditions and osmotic substrates on germination and growth of cultivated and wild safflowers

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bassiri ◽  
M. Khosh-Khui ◽  
I. Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

SUMMARYComparisons were made between cultivated safflower varieties (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) and six wild ecotypes (C. oxyacanthaBieb.) for their tolerance to simulated drought conditions. Plant characteristics of the wild strains were noted and soil samples from their collection sites were analysed for the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract. Polyethylene glycol 6000, mannitol and sodium chloride were used as osmotic substrates to prepare aqueous solutions having 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 15 and 18 atm. of osmotic potentials (OP). The influences of treatments were studied on seed germination, shoot length and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots of seedlings.Increased OPs progressively delayed and reduced seed germination, shoot length and fresh and dry weights of seedlings. Shoots were, however, more adversely affected than roots. Wild ecotypes were apparently more sensitive to high OPs than the cultivated varieties.

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