Control of Perennial Weed Species As Seedlings With Soil-Applied Herbicides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Loam Soil

Herbicides from several chemical families were evaluated in the greenhouse for preemergence control of perennial weed species emerging from seeds. Weed species were bermudagrass, johnsongrass, Canada thistle, common milkweed, common pokeweed, hemp dogbane, and horsenettle. Atrazine, cloransulam, chlorimuron, clomazone, flumetsulam, imazaquin, linuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and sulfentrazone were used representing common preemergence herbicide families used in the mid-Atlantic region for corn and soybean in a sandy loam soil. Hemp dogbane and common pokeweed were controlled (greater than 85%) by eight of the 11 herbicides in this study, indicating they may be the two most susceptible species in the trial. Metolachlor and pendimethalin provided control of only bermudagrass, and linuron controlled only Canada thistle. Cloransulam controlled all species except bermudagrass. Clomazone provided greater than 80% control of all species except horsenettle. Metribuzin alone or in combination with chlorimuron provided the broadest spectrum and highest level of control. Metribuzin provided greater than 85% control of all species except johnsongrass. Soil-applied herbicides can limit the establishment of perennial species from seeds.

Response of Weeds to Soil pH

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
M. C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Loam Soil

Ten warm-season and six cool-season weed species were grown in the glasshouse on Hartsells fine sandy loam soil and Lucedale sandy loam soil at pH levels from 4.7 to 6.3. Growth of species varied widely in response to soil pH as measured by herbage yield. Showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth), coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] were highly tolerant to low pH soils. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.), and buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), were medium to high in tolerance. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth], crowfootgrass [Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richter], and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) were medium to low in tolerance to low soil pH. Growth of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (Weber), and wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] was severely reduced in soils with low pH.

scholarly journals Selectivity index of indaziflam to sugarcane cv. IACSP95-5000 in two soil textures

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Apolari Ghirardello ◽  
Lucas da Silva Araújo ◽  
Luisa Carolina Baccin ◽  
Mateus Augusto Dotta ◽  
Raphael Oliveira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Loam Soil

Selectivity index is a way of assessing the discrimination of herbicide to a given crop by observing its effects on the crop and the weeds. The aim was to obtain the selectivity index of indaziflam herbicide to sugarcane cultivar IACSP95-5000 as a function of five weed species in two soils textures. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The treatments consisted of indaziflam doses (0; 12.5; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; 800 and 1,600 g of the active ingredient (ai) ha-1), applied in pre-emergence of the sugarcane and of the weeds Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum and Rottboellia cochinchinensis. In sandy loam soil, a 100% control for all weeds was provided at 25 g ai ha-1. In clay soil, for D. horizontalis the 90% reduction in total dry mass (ED90) was obtained at 25 g ai ha-1, for R. cochinchinensis at 193 g ai ha-1, for U. plantaginea at 152 g ai ha-1, for P. maximum at 124 g ai ha-1, and for U. decumbens at 94 g ai ha-1. Indaziflam was selective to IACSP95-5000 in both soils, with 10% of reduction in dry mass (ED10) at 137 g ai ha-1 for soil with a sandy loam texture and 353 g ai ha-1 for clay soil. The selectivity index was higher than 1 for all weeds in clay soil. It was not possible to obtain the selectivity index for sandy loam soil due to species susceptibility to the herbicide.

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
M. Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis ◽  
Brian K. Richards ◽  
Murray B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Lithium Transport ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals A Modified Pressure–Sinkage Model for Studying the Effect of a Hard Layer in Sandy Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Nihal D. Salman ◽  
György Pillinger ◽  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Péter Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Hard Layer ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
New Perspective

The applicability of the typical pressure–sinkage models used to characterize the soil’s bearing properties is limited to homogeneous soils (infinite thickness) that have no hard layer. At a given depth, a hard layer can have a considerable impact on the soil’s load-bearing capacity. It is thus necessary to alter the pressure–sinkage equation by taking this condition into account when assessing the load-bearing capacity. The present paper aims to determine a simple, high-fidelity model, in terms of soil characterization, that can account for the hard layer affection. To assess hard layer affection in this paper, a plate sinkage test (bevameter) was conducted on sandy loam soil. To this end, the soil was prepared by considering three bulk densities and two soil thickness levels at 7–9% moisture content levels. According to the results, this paper put forth a new perspective and related equations for characterizing bearing performance. The sinkage modulus (k) is an intrinsic soil parameter that has a determined unit of N/cm2 and is significant for managing the bearing performance. The results showed that the new modulus sinkage model incorporates the main factor of the rigid layer effect involving high fidelity that the conventional models have failed to account for.

Yields of Sub-humid Rainfed Crops in Relation to Soil Water Retention and Cropping Sequence

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Verma ◽  
S. S. Prihar ◽  
Ranjodh Singh ◽  
Nathu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Rabi Crops ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for 4 years to study the yield of ‘kharif’ and ‘rabi’ crops grown in sequence on two soils differing in water-holding capacity. The results indicated that drought caused greater reduction in yield of rainy-season crops on loamy sand than on sandy loam soil. In low retentivity soil it was more profitable to raise a single crop of wheat on soil-stored water. In sandy loam soil of higher retentivity, two crops a year gave much higher yields than a single crop. Of the sequences tried, maize followed by wheat gave the highest and most stable yields. For ‘rabi’ crops, stored water showed a better yield response than an equivalent amount of rain during the growing season.

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