Influence of Application Variables on Efficacy of Glyphosate

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Patrick A. Clay ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Potential Interactions

Field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to compare weed control by the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 0.21, 0.42, 0.63, and 0.84 kg ae/ha applied at three stages of weed growth. Weed control by glyphosate applied at these rates alone or with ammonium sulfate at 2.8 kg/ha was also evaluated. In other experiments, potential interactions between glyphosate and acifluorfen, chlorimuron, and 2,4-DB were evaluated. Velvetleaf, prickly sida, sicklepod, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, palmleaf morningglory, and hemp sesbania were controlled more easily when weeds had one to three leaves compared with control when weeds had four or more leaves. Glyphosate controlled redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, prickly sida, sicklepod, and barnyardgrass more effectively than pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, palmleaf morningglory, or hemp sesbania. Increasing the rate of glyphosate increased control, especially when glyphosate was applied to larger weeds. Greater variation in control was noted for pitted morningglory, palmleaf morningglory, prickly sida, and velvetleaf than for redroot pigweed, sicklepod, entireleaf morningglory, or hemp sesbania. Ammonium sulfate increased prickly sida and entireleaf morningglory control but did not influence sicklepod, hemp sesbania, or barnyardgrass control. Acifluorfen applied 3 d before glyphosate or in a mixture with glyphosate reduced barnyardgrass control compared with glyphosate applied alone. Chlorimuron did not reduce efficacy. Mixtures of glyphosate and 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod, entireleaf morningglory, and barnyardgrass similar to glyphosate alone.

MSMA Antagonizes Glyphosate and Glufosinate Efficacy on Broadleaf and Grass Weeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Levels Of Control

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the compatibility of MSMA in a tank mixture with glyphosate or glufosinate for broadleaf and grass weed control. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and MSMA were evaluated at 0.5×, 1×, and 2× rates, with 1× rates of 0.84 kgae/ha, 0.5 kgai/ha, and 2.2 kgai/ha, respectively. Glyphosate and glufosinate provided similar levels of control for most weed species and were often more efficacious than MSMA alone. Glyphosate controlled Palmer amaranth better than glufosinate. Glufosinate controlled hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, and ivyleaf morningglory better than glyphosate at one location. Weed control was not improved with the addition of MSMA to glyphosate or glufosinate when compared with either herbicide alone. MSMA antagonized glyphosate efficacy on barnyardgrass, browntop millet, hemp sesbania, Palmer amaranth, and redroot pigweed. MSMA antagonized glufosinate efficacy on browntop millet, hemp sesbania, ivyleaf morningglory, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf. Antagonism of glyphosate or glufosinate by MSMA was often overcome by applying the 2× rate of either herbicide alone. MSMA is not a compatible tank-mixture partner with glyphosate or glufosinate for weed control in cotton.

Efficacy of Residual And Non-Residual Herbicides Used in Cotton Production Systems When Applied with Glyphosate, Glufosinate, or MSMA

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Donnie Miller ◽  
Edzard Van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate weed control provided by glyphosate, glufosinate, and MSMA applied alone or in mixture with residual and nonresidual last application (LAYBY) herbicides. Herbicide treatments included glyphosate early postemergence (EPOST) alone or followed by glyphosate, glufosinate, or MSMA late-postemergence (LPOST) alone or tank-mixed with one of the following LAYBY herbicides: carfentrazone-ethyl at 0.3 kg ai/ha, diuron at 1.12 kg ai/ha, flumioxazin at 0.07 kg ai/ha, fluometuron at 1.12 kg ai/ha, lactofen at 0.84 kg ai/ha, linuron at 0.56 kg ai/ha, oxyfluorfen at 1.12 kg ai/ha, prometryn at 1.12 kg ai/ha, or prometryn + trifloxysulfuron at 1.12 kg ai/ha + 10 g ai/ha. Residual herbicides were also applied alone LPOST. Weeds evaluated included barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, coffee senna, entireleaf morningglory, hemp sesbania, ivyleaf morningglory, johnsongrass, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, sicklepod, smooth pigweed, spiny amaranth, and velvetleaf. Treatments containing MSMA provided lower average weed control compared to those containing glyphosate or glufosinate, and residual herbicides applied alone provided inadequate weed control compared to mixtures containing a nonresidual herbicide. Across 315 of 567 comparisons (55%), when a LAYBY herbicide was added, weed control increased. The most difficult to control weed species at all locations was pitted morningglory. Barnyardgrass and hemp sesbania at the Mississippi location and hemp sesbania at the Louisiana location were collectively difficult to control across all treatments as well.

Metribuzin and Chlorimuron Mixtures for Preemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans,Glycine max

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome M. Green ◽  
Timothy T. Obrigawitch ◽  
James D. Long ◽  
James M. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Additive Action ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida

Metribuzin and the ethyl ester of chlorimuron were evaluated alone and in combination for preemergence broadleaf weed control in soybeans. Neither herbicide alone controlled all broadleaf weeds tested, but combinations showed both complementary and additive action. Two field studies quantified these interactions on broadleaf weeds and showed that low rates of either herbicide alone controlled Pennsylvania smartweed and redroot pigweed. Metribuzin was more effective than chlorimuron in controlling prickly sida and hemp sesbania, while chlorimuron was more effective on common cocklebur, sicklepod, and ivyleaf and pitted morningglories. Additive action was most important on velvetleaf, sicklepod, annual morningglories, and hemp sesbania. Because the components were both additive and complementary, a range of mixture rates and ratios were more effective for weed control than either herbicide alone.

Influence of Time of Planting and Distance from the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Row of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on Competitiveness with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Street ◽  
R. H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Influence of time of planting and distance from the cotton row of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) on yield of seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) was determined on Decatur clay loam during 1975 through 1978. Weed growth was measured in 1977 and 1978. Seeds of the three weed species were planted 15, 30, or 45 cm from the cotton row at time of planting cotton or 4 weeks later. Weeds planted 4 weeks after planting cotton grew significantly less than did weeds planted at the same time as cotton. When planted with cotton, redroot pigweed produced over twice as much fresh weight as did prickly sida or pitted morningglory. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect weed growth in 1978, but did in 1977. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect their competitiveness in any year as measured by yield of cotton. However, in each year, yields of cotton were reduced to a greater extent by weeds planted with cotton than when planted 4 weeks later. In 3 of 4 yr, there were significant differences in competitiveness of each of the three weed species with cotton.

Early Season Herbicide Applications for Weed Control in Stale Seedbed Soybean (Glycine max)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey A. Bruff ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on silty clay and sandy loam soils to evaluate weed control and soybean yield with early-April preplant incorporation of selective herbicides in stale seedbed soybean followed by non-selective weed control measures at planting. Metribuzin applied PPI early followed by chlorimuron POST coupled with either glyphosate or paraquat PRE controlled sicklepod, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania to the same extent of that treatment applied PPI at planting. All stale seedbed treatments with POST applications and glyphosate, paraquat, or tillage at planting controlled pitted morningglory over 70%. However, imazaquin or metribuzin applied PPI early without a POST treatment controlled sicklepod and pitted morningglory poorly. Frequently, applying PPI herbicides at planting increased control compared with early PPI applications, but this was overcome by POST treatments. Early stale seedbed applications of metribuzin did not result in more than 60% control of hemp sesbania, whereas metribuzin applied PPI at planting controlled over 85%. However, metribuzin plus chlorimuron controlled hemp sesbania at least 74%, regardless of application timing or tillage method, whereas no imazaquin treatment achieved over 65% control. All stale seedbed herbicide treatments increased soybean yield compared with the untreated stale seedbed check. Selective herbicide treatments with either non-selective herbicide in a stale seedbed program resulted in equivalent yield to PPI at planting treatments most often, except with metribuzin.

Comparison of Trifloxysulfuron and Pyrithiobac in Glyphosate-Resistant and Bromoxynil-Resistant Cotton

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Branson ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
James L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Residual Control

Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at Rohwer, AR. Trifloxysulfuron (5.3 and 8 g ai/ha) and pyrithiobac (70 g ai/ha) were applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) broadcast at the two- to three-leaf (EP) and three- to four-leaf (MP) cotton growth stages. Both materials were also applied POST in combination with glyphosate at 560 g ae/ha or bromoxynil at 560 g ai/ha at both growth stages. Trifloxysulfuron applied EP or MP at 8 g/ha provided greater control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory 28 d after application (DAA) than trifloxysulfuron at 5.3 g/ha or pyrithiobac at 70 g/ha; however, control of prickly sida was greater with pyrithiobac than with trifloxysulfuron at either rate. Glyphosate alone controlled sicklepod, prickly sida, and pitted morningglory greater than 80%. The addition of trifloxysulfuron at 8 g/ha and pyrithiobac at 70 g/ ha increased control of all species over glyphosate alone 28 DAA. Bromoxynil at 560 g/ha controlled pitted morningglory and hemp sesbania at all application timings; however, sicklepod and Palmer amaranth control was less than 50% with bromoxynil applied alone. When bromoxynil was applied in combination with trifloxysulfuron at either rate, control of sicklepod and Palmer amaranth increased to 80% or greater at all application timings. Trifloxysulfuron has the potential to complement both the glyphosate-resistant and bromoxynil-resistant weed control programs by providing control of less susceptible weeds and by providing residual control to both programs.

Use of the Recirculating Sprayer to Control Tall Weed Escapes in Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Carlson ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Three Stages

Field experiments were conducted with the recirculating sprayer (RCS) at Lincoln, Nebraska from 1974 through 1978. Different spray pressures, spray nozzles, and spray volumes with the RCS showed no significant differences in shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] control or soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury when herbicides were applied at three stages of weed growth. When shattercane was treated in a grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] field, poor weed control and excessive crop injury occurred during treatment at the early growth stage as compared with treatments applied 2 weeks later. The final treatment date gave selective weed control in grain sorghum, but many of the shattercane heads had already developed viable seed. A weed-to-crop height differential of at least 45 cm resulted in maximum weed control with minimum crop injury. Common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.) control in soybeans varied considerably, but treatments giving over 80% control were glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1.1 to 4.5 kg/ha applied through the RCS. Other herbicides were less effective. Volunteer corn (Zea maysL.) was controlled selectively at 75 to 100% in soybeans with glyphosate or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) when applied through the RCS. Shattercane was controlled 95 to 100% in soybeans with glyphosate at 3.4 kg/ha. Unless spray drift and splash can be prevented when using the RCS, glyphosate and paraquat will not give selective control when applied to weeds growing in grain sorghum. Glyphosate applied through the RCS, however, can be a selective method of controlling weed escapes in soybeans because soybeans are not as sensitive to glyphosate as is sorghum.

Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Lactofen Plus Chlorimuron

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period at three locations to evaluate lactofen at rates of 110 to 220 g ai ha−1applied POST in combination with chlorimuron at 9 g ae ha−1for weed control in soybean. At St. Joseph in 1989 and Baton Rouge in 1990, lactofen at 110, 150, and 170 g ha−1in combination with chlorimuron controlled prickly sida (3 to 5 cm) and entireleaf and pitted morningglory (5 to 13 cm) comparable with the full rate of lactofen at 220 g ha−1plus chlorimuron and the standard treatment of acifluorfen at 280 g ae ha−1plus bentazon at 560 g ae ha−1. Entireleaf morningglory and sicklepod control at Alexandria with lactofen at 110 to 170 g ha−1plus chlorimuron was comparable with that from the full rate of lactofen plus chlorimuron and better than with acifluorfen plus bentazon. Weed control was reduced when soil moisture was deficient at treatment time or when prickly sida height was more than 5 cm and entireleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and sicklepod more than 15 cm. In related studies at St. Joseph, a reduced rate of lactofen (170 g ha−1) in combination with chlorimuron controlled prickly sida 98%, pitted morningglory 93%, and entireleaf morningglory 90% in 1988, which was comparable with the control from the full rate of lactofen plus chlorimuron and with acifluorfen plus bentazon.

Tank-mix Combinations for Weed Control in Stale Seedbed Soybean (Glycine max)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey A. Bruff ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

Field experiments were established in 1989 and 1990 on silty clay and sandy loam soils to evaluate selective herbicides in combination with non-selective weed control measures in conventional and stale seedbed soybean production. Metribuzin PRE followed by chlorimuron POST controlled sicklepod better with paraquat than with glyphosate. A POST application of imazaquin increased sicklepod and pitted morningglory control by imazaquin PRE alone in a stale seedbed or tillage program. Pitted morningglory control with imazaquin PRE was lower with tillage than with glyphosate or paraquat combinations in a stale seedbed program. All metribuzin plus chlorimuron PRE treatments, whether conventional tillage or stale seedbed, controlled pitted morningglory more than 75%. Hemp sesbania control was above 80% with all metribuzin followed by chlorimuron or metribuzin plus chlorimuron PRE combinations, and less than 70% with all treatments containing imazaquin. Selective herbicides increased yield in stale seedbed when glyphosate or paraquat was added. Imazaquin PRE, imazaquin PRE followed by imazaquin POST, and metribuzin PRE followed by chlorimuron POST tank mixed with glyphosate or paraquat in a stale seedbed program increased yield compared with the same treatments used with tillage.

Clomazone as a Component in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Herbicide Programs

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland ◽  
Robert E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Efficacy of herbicide programs containing clomazone PPI plus fluometuron PRE or clomazone plus pendimethalin PPI plus fluometuron PRE was compared with that of standard programs of pendimethalin PPI plus fluometuron PRE and norflurazon PPI plus norflurazon and fluometuron PRE. Cotton injury was less than 5% with all treatments when disulfoton or phorate was applied in the seed furrow. Control of fall panicum, goosegrass, large crabgrass, eclipta, entireleaf morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, hemp sesbania, spotted spurge, sicklepod, and velvetleaf and cotton yields with 0.8 kg ai ha−1 of clomazone plus fluometuron or 0.6 kg ha−1 of clomazone plus pendimethalin plus fluometuron equalled or exceeded that from the standard herbicide programs. POST-directed application of methazole at 0.8 kg ai ha−1 plus MSMA at 2.2 kg ae ha−1 increased sicklepod and morningglory control and cotton yield. Clomazone applied PRE at 0.6 kg ha−1 with fluometuron controlled broadleaf signalgrass, goosegrass, large crabgrass, prickly sida, and smooth pigweed equally with that of standard treatments of trifluralin or trifluralin plus norflurazon PPI and fluometuron PRE, whereas pitted morningglory control and cotton yield with clomazone plus fluometuron exceeded that with the standards.

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