scholarly journals Psychological challenges for the analysis of style

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN STACEY
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Perceptual Recognition ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Inference ◽  
Formal Style

Analyses of styles in design have paid little attention to how peopleseestyle and how designers use perceptions of style to guide designing. Although formal and computational methods for analyzing styles and generating designs provide impressively parsimonious accounts of what some stylesare, they do not address many of the factors that influence how humans understand styles. The subtlety of human style judgments raises challenges for computational approaches to style. This paper differentiates between a range of distinct meanings of “style” and explores how designers and ordinary people learn and apply perceptual similarity classes and style concepts in different situations to interpret and create designed artifacts. A range of psychological evidence indicates that style perception is dependent on knowledge and involves the interaction of perceptual recognition of style features and explanatory inference processes that create a coherent understanding of an object as an exemplar of a style. This article concludes by outlining how formal style analyses can be used in combination with psychological research to develop a fuller understanding of style perception and creative design.

Computational Approaches to Predict the Non-canonical DNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Parveen ◽  
Amen Shamim ◽  
Seunghee Cho ◽  
Kyeong Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genetic Events ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Although most nucleotides in the genome form canonical double-stranded B-DNA, many repeated sequences transiently present as non-canonical conformations (non-B DNA) such as triplexes, quadruplexes, Z-DNA, cruciforms, and slipped/hairpins. Those noncanonical DNAs (ncDNAs) are not only associated with many genetic events such as replication, transcription, and recombination, but are also related to the genetic instability that results in the predisposition to disease. Due to the crucial roles of ncDNAs in cellular and genetic functions, various computational methods have been implemented to predict sequence motifs that generate ncDNA. Objective: Here, we review strategies for the identification of ncDNA motifs across the whole genome, which is necessary for further understanding and investigation of the structure and function of ncDNAs. Conclusion: There is a great demand for computational prediction of non-canonical DNAs that play key functional roles in gene expression and genome biology. In this study, we review the currently available computational methods for predicting the non-canonical DNAs in the genome. Current studies not only provide an insight into the computational methods for predicting the secondary structures of DNA but also increase our understanding of the roles of non-canonical DNA in the genome.

scholarly journals First person – Asadullah and Sandeep Kumar

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. jcs258594
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
First Person ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Disease Biology ◽  
Cancer Invasiveness ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Asadullah and Sandeep Kumar are co-first authors on ‘Combined heterogeneity in cell size and deformability promotes cancer invasiveness’, published in JCS. Asadullah is a PhD Student in the lab of Prof. Shamik Sen at BSBE, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India, who is interested in combining computational methods along with biophysics to study disease biology. Sandeep conducted the research described in this article while a PhD Student in Dr Shamik Sen's lab. He is now an Entrepreneur in Residence at TandemLaunch Inc., Montreal, Canada, interested in developing new computational approaches to studying development and cancer growth.

scholarly journals Screens, Teens, and Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From Three Time-Use-Diary Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Orben ◽  
Andrew K. Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Psychological Evidence

The notion that digital-screen engagement decreases adolescent well-being has become a recurring feature in public, political, and scientific conversation. The current level of psychological evidence, however, is far removed from the certainty voiced by many commentators. There is little clear-cut evidence that screen time decreases adolescent well-being, and most psychological results are based on single-country, exploratory studies that rely on inaccurate but popular self-report measures of digital-screen engagement. In this study, which encompassed three nationally representative large-scale data sets from Ireland, the United States, and the United Kingdom ( N = 17,247 after data exclusions) and included time-use-diary measures of digital-screen engagement, we used both exploratory and confirmatory study designs to introduce methodological and analytical improvements to a growing psychological research area. We found little evidence for substantial negative associations between digital-screen engagement—measured throughout the day or particularly before bedtime—and adolescent well-being.

scholarly journals Research on product innovation design methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 02076
Author(s):  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
Jianyao Shu ◽  
Xitong Hu ◽  
Yun Mei
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Actual Design

When the prehistoric man began to pick up stones, wood and other materials to make tools, we can confirm that creativity is not only the designer’s personal patent but a natural gift of humanity. As product designers, we must have more creativity than ordinary people. By analyzing a large number of actual design works and award-winning works in international competitions for many years, the author summarizes the similarities of creative design and explores the application of innovative product design methods in design.

scholarly journals Radicalization and violent extremism: Perspectives from research on group processes and intergroup relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136
Author(s):  
Oluf Gøtzsche-Astrup ◽  
Kees van den Bos ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Group Processes ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Intergroup Dynamics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Social Psychological Research

Radicalization and violent extremism leading to violent protests, repression, and terrorist attacks constitute important issues in our world. Social psychological group processes and intergroup dynamics play a key role in creating resilience against or facilitating the path towards violent extremism. The present body of work brings together and furthers our understanding of these factors by integrating insights from other fields, most centrally political science. In this introductory article, we summarize the state of the literature and suggest a social psychological research agenda for studying radicalization and violent extremism. This agenda (a) focuses on how the radicalization process commences and festers in ordinary people; (b) is ambitious in bringing research into the real world with protesters, the repressed, and groups engaged in conflict; (c) is pragmatic in measuring outcomes of interest; and (d) applies field experimental methodology, among other methodologies. With this perspective, we argue, social psychology is ideally positioned for a new decade of impactful research into radicalization and violent extremism.

Current computational methods for enzyme design

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (09) ◽  
pp. 2150155
Author(s):  
Talmage L. Coates ◽  
Naomi Young ◽  
Austin J. Jarrett ◽  
Connor J. Morris ◽  
James D. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Enzyme Design ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Computational Enzyme Design ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Computational enzyme design has made great strides over the last five years. Traditional methods of enzyme design require synthesis and evaluation of many mutations. Computational enzyme design has emerged as a powerful tool to predict how specific mutations modify a protein’s activity, stability, and/or selectivity. Such computational approaches can evaluate many mutations and reduce the load of in vitro work by identifying mutations likely to accomplish design objectives. Computational approaches can explore mutational spaces inaccessible in traditional mutagenesis. Computational methods reduce cost and time compared with experimental approaches. We review the efficacy and key differences of computational enzyme design methods as published in recent studies. The included articles used computational methods to design enzymes, were published no earlier than 2015, met design objectives, and verified results in vitro.

Task Structuring Toward Computational Approaches to Product Variety Design

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuo Fujita ◽  
Kosuke Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Multiple Models ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Combination Selection

Abstract This paper discusses the direction toward computational approaches for product variety design. Product variety design here refers to an engineering challenge for designing multiple models simultaneously. This paper defines the formal representation of product variety design, and proposes a structure of design tasks involved in product variety. The analysis reveals several characteristics of product variety design, and identifies unique and essential tasks for simultaneously designing multiple models: correlation analysis, competing against system constraints, control variable selection, coverage distribution and combination selection. The paper closes with the scenario toward computational methods and difficulties to overcome for product variety optimization.

Identification of Nonlinearities Using Computational Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
Joshua Critchley-Marrows ◽  
Samanvay Karambhe ◽  
Denzil Khan ◽  
Elias Vasilikas ◽  
Gareth A. Vio
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Coulomb Friction ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

This paper presents an analysis into the computational results for modelling of a two degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibrating structure. Fast Fourier Transformations, Short Time Fourier Transformations, Hilbert Transformations and wavelets are used to model this system. These techniques aim to locate and quantify the nonlinear behaviour of the system. Coulomb friction was detected with a number of these techniques, however other nonlinearities could not be detected. From the analysis conducted, improved computational methods are necessary for the detection of nonlinearities.

scholarly journals Folk conceptions of free will: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of psychological research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Lam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Free Will ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Folk Conception ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts

The existence of free will has been a subject of fierce academic debate for millennia, still the meaning of the term “free will” remains nebulous. In the past two decades, psychologists have made considerable progress in defining folk concepts of free will. However, this growing body of literature has yet to be reviewed systematically. This systematic review aimed to narratively synthesise primary psychological evidence on folk conceptions of free will, encompassing folk concepts, beliefs, intuitions, and attitudes about free will, to provide a definition grounded in laypeople’s perspective to guide future research. Database searches were conducted following a pre-registered search strategy. A total of 1,368 records were identified through database searching, and 16 additional records were identified through reference mining, author tracing, and contacting authors for unpublished manuscripts. After duplicate removal, ASReview, an open-source machine learning programme, was used to facilitate and optimise abstract screening. Finally, 57 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 18 articles were eligible for inclusion, comprised of 36 studies and 10,176 participants from regions including the United States, Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Turkey, and Germany. The results showed that for ordinary folk, especially the more educated population from the United States, free will is a dynamic construct centred on the ability to choose following one’s goals and desires, whilst being uncoerced and reasonably free from constraints. Results suggesting metaphysical considerations regarding consciousness, dualism, and determinism were inconclusive. The findings provided preliminary support for a psychological model of folk conception of free will. All data and coding are openly shared.

scholarly journals New Formats, New Methods: Computational Approaches as a Way Forward for Media Entertainment Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Johannes Breuer ◽  
Tim Wulf ◽  
M. Rohangis Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Computational Social Science ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Self Report Data

The rise of new technologies and platforms, such as mobile devices and streaming services, has substantially changed the media entertainment landscape and continues to do so. Since its subject of study is changing constantly and rapidly, research on media entertainment has to be quick to adapt. This need to quickly react and adapt not only relates to the questions researchers need to ask but also to the methods they need to employ to answer those questions. Over the last few years, the field of computational social science has been developing and using methods for the collection and analysis of data that can be used to study the use, content, and effects of entertainment media. These methods provide ample opportunities for this area of research and can help in overcoming some of the limitations of self-report data and manual content analyses that most of the research on media entertainment is based on. However, they also have their own set of challenges that researchers need to be aware of and address to make (full) use of them. This thematic issue brings together studies employing computational methods to investigate different types and facets of media entertainment. These studies cover a wide range of entertainment media, data types, and analysis methods, and clearly highlight the potential of computational approaches to media entertainment research. At the same time, the articles also include a critical perspective, openly discuss the challenges and limitations of computational methods, and provide useful suggestions for moving this nascent field forward.

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