Presenting Past Landscapes: An Approach to Visual Landscape Integrity as a Tool for Archeological Heritage Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Saruhan Mosler
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Landscape Integrity ◽  
Visual Landscape ◽  
Sustainable Conservation

Archaeological sites are composed of unique, complex landscape settings including architectural remains, visually and spatially interrelated spaces, and ecologies with topographical features and landforms framing them. Today, they are subject to many pressures caused by developmental changes as well as improper conservation and planning strategies. One reason is that heritage conservation is still heavily focused on architectural features and less on the landscape setting. Wider landscape components set an authentic backdrop for cultural heritage and make the setting vivid and legible. Concentrating on this trend, this article explores the visual values of archaeological sites from the tripartite conceptualization view of visual landscape integrity, namely considering the archaeological landscape setting as an artifact, three-dimensional space, and scenery. Using the archaeological site complex of Bergama in Western Turkey as a case study, I propose a visual landscape–oriented approach as a tool for the sustainable conservation and presentation of heritage sites in the process of cultural resource management.

scholarly journals Community and heritage management: Linking stakeholders to archaeological sites in Kichakbadh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Management Issues

Community has been much of a striking terminology these days when associated with heritage management. Communities living nearby heritage sites, while at one hand are agents of conservation, on the other hand are sources of destruction in heritage sites and agents of risks. As such, this research unfolds the contested roles of local people for taking ownership of heritage management, understanding heritages, transmitting oral intangible values and valuing destination image at Kichakbadh Province -1, Nepal. The research, aimed at studying heritage management issues around the site has been supplemented by multiple field visits, numerous questionnaires and interviews with locals, visitors and experts. This article chiefly deals with the second phase of author’s exploration carried out on an annual fair called Maghe Purnima at Kichakbadh in 2019. While science of archaeology restricts human activities in conserved places, large fairs are held in archaeologically sensitive areas of Kichakbadh posing threats to archeological wealth there. To utter dismay, archaeological crimes are still common in many sites at Kichakbadh. Multiple field-visits, questionnaire with the stakeholders, visitors and community during the fair reveal that minimal traces of community and state level endeavors to conserve the sites do not meet the vast rescue requirements that Kichakbadh is actually in need of.

The destruction and looting of cultural heritage sites by ISIS in Syria: The case of Manbij and its countryside

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-260
Author(s):  
Adnan Almohamad
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) occupied the city of Manbij and its countryside from 23 January 2014 until 12 August 2016. During this period, the region suffered greatly as ISIS monopolized control and brutally imposed its ideology. Fierce battles were fought for the control of oil wells, bakeries, mills, dams, and power stations, all of which were sources of revenue. Antiquities were soon recognized as another potential income source. This article demonstrates the ways in which ISIS began to administer and facilitate the looting of antiquities through the Diwan Al-Rikaz. Within this diwan, ISIS established the Qasmu Al-Athar, which was specifically responsible for looting antiquities. Based on interviews conducted in 2015 and primary documents, this article studies the specific ways in which ISIS facilitated the quarrying and looting of antiquities in Manbij and the rich archaeological sites of its countryside. Further, by examining the damage at a previously undocumented archaeological site, Meshrefet Anz, the looting of antiquities under the direct supervision of the Diwan Al-Rikaz is studied. Using documentary evidence including ISIS’s internal documentation as well as photographs collected by the author between 2014 and 2016, the article demonstrates the methods used by ISIS, reveals its financial motivations, and bears witness to the damage done at specific Syrian heritage sites.

Spline approximation of unequal aeromagnetic survey data with the use of UAV on spatially inhomogeneous networks when solving problems of archaeological exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
D. N. Gapeev ◽  
M. I. Epov ◽  
A. A. Tishkin ◽  
A. P. Firsov ◽  
Ya. V. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Spline Approximation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Aeromagnetic Data ◽  
Aeromagnetic Survey ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The article discusses an approach to get a regular cube of data in context of aeromagnetic survey. It is based on spline approximation with nodes on an irregular grid in three-dimensional space. To construct approximation spline, information on measurement errors is additionally used, which makes it possible to reduce the number of parameters as opposed to spline interpolation. This approach was tested on experimental aeromagnetic data from archaeological site Ivanovka-I.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF SURVEY AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MONITORING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF THE KHIRBAT AL-DUSAQ SITE, JORDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alby ◽  
E. Vigouroux ◽  
R. Elter
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Acquisition Processes ◽  
Building Walls

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this paper will be presented the use of photogrammetry integrated to the process of representation of an archaeological site. The Khirbat al-Dūsaq site, Jordan, is an architectural complex composed by three remaining buildings with different shapes and functions. The first one is a reception building name īwān. The second one is vaulted and its function has not been determined yet. The third is a bath with all the complexity that are required for such a function (multiple rooms and sequence of spaces). The site is being excavated and there remains unknown information archaeologists want to discover and represent. This project takes places after several years of collaboration on different other archaeological sites. During these different projects, methods of acquisition, processes and drawings at different places and stages have been developed and work methods that includes the use of photogrammetry are now integrated to the archaeological practices. There is now a need by archaeologists for ortho-photos to draw precise plans. The integration of photogrammetry into the practice of archaeology on site helps also to reduce the time consumption to survey and to represent excavation activity. The data sets obtained year after year can also be used as a support for 3D reconstruction. The 3D modelling stage begins by integrating the context represented here by 3D textured mesh produced during the process of ortho-photos. The integration of photogrammetry started in 2015 by acquiring pictures from bath building. This work had to be extended to the entire complex so that it has been decided to manage it, in a proper way. In 2016, a survey network has been implemented, and complete photogrammetric data set have been produced. At this time there was a photogrammetric survey reference for all the data sets of the site. Several years of survey means that the project has to adapt to its specific context. The site life during 11 months without archaeological preoccupations signifies that it is evolving, so that in 2017, ground points had disappeared. The possibility to geo-reference future data sets imposes to integrate targets on pictures from 2016 data set. The remaining building walls on site keep their shape enough to be integrated as constant structures over the years. At first it has been decided to integrate photogrammetry technic to the representation process of the Khirbat al-Dūsaq site. It has proved, by the precision and flexibility of processes that good quality representations could be produced and the 3D documentation could be used as a support of 3D reconstruction stage also. Photogrammetric documentation, as soon as it is properly managed over the years can thus be integrated in archaeologic practices and can help to reduce time consuming stages and propose other activity support as 3D reconstruction.</p>

scholarly journals Reconstrucción virtual y visualización 3d del yacimiento arqueológico Castellet de Bernabé (Lliria, España)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Pau Alonso-Monasterio ◽  
María José Viñals
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Shape Acquisition ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Open Window ◽  
Mixed Approach

3D virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage is a useful tool to reach many goals: the accurate documentation of our tangible cultural legacy, the determination of mechanical alteration on the assets, or the mere shape acquisition prior to restoration and/or reconstruction works, etc. Among these goals, when planning and managing tourism enhancement of heritage sites, it demands setting up specific instruments and tools to guarantee both, the site conservation and the visitors’ satisfaction. Archaeological sites are physical witnesses of the past and an open window to research works and scientific discoveries, but usually, the major structures do no exist nowadays, and the general public takes long time and many efforts to elaborate a mental reconstruction of the volumetry and appearance from these remains. This mental reconstruction is essential to build up a storyline that communicates efficiently the archaeological and historic knowledge and awares the public about its conservation. To develop this process of awareness about conservation, heritage interpretation starts with the mental inmersion of the visitors in the archaeological site, what 3D reconstruction definitely helps to achieve. Different technologies exist nowadays for the3D reconstruction of assets, but when dealing with archaeological sites, the data acquisition requires alternative approaches to be used, as most part of the assets do not exist nowadays. In this work, we will deal with the virtual reconstruction and visualisation of the archaeological site Castellet de Bernabé by following a mixed approach (surveying techniques and archaeological research). We further give a methodology to process and merge the real and virtual data in order to create augmented views of the site.

scholarly journals Archaeological Sites’ Management, Interpretation, and Tourism Development—A Success Story and Future Challenges: The Case of Bibracte, France

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2261-2277
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Ababneh
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Barriers To Success ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Tourism Potential

Bibracte is described as a well-managed property with significant heritage value. Even as the site’s managing body and its partners continue to deliver encouraging and engaging projects, there are barriers to success. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the possible future challenges that the current management may encounter. This study used a field work methodology, and comprised interviews, observations, guided visits, discussions, discourse analysis, and the review of an important corpus of material, from which conclusions were drawn. Significant problems arising from various causes were identified. The results reveal that despite the appropriate heritage management, interpretation, and tourism development practices, the heritage and tourism potential remain not fully captured. The management of the site has established its notoriety as an important research center for experimental and educational archaeology, rather than as an important tourist attraction. Thus, the site has failed to become a popular tourist destination. These difficulties are said to have been molded and enforced by imperatives connected to the site and its surroundings, as well as the Réseau des Grands Sites de France title. This research may contribute to elucidating heritage sites and their unknown management difficulties, which will be beneficial to the sites’ employees and visitors.

scholarly journals The Use of Interactive Virtual BIM to Boost Virtual Tourism in Heritage Sites, Historic Jeddah

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Ahmad Baik
Keyword(s):  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Historic District ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Today, moving from a two-dimensional environment to a more advanced interactive three-dimensional (3D) environment in the industries of architecture, engineering, and construction has become one of the most significant topics of interest. This is due to several primary advantages that the 3D environment can offer. Building information modeling (BIM) can be used as a highly advanced system to present a desired reality in a 3D interactive environment accompanied with 3D reality captured data, such as the point cloud data. As such, these 3D environments can be employed for more advanced uses, such as virtual reality and augmented reality technologies (VR and AR). Recently, BIM has been employed in the context of heritage (known as HBIM, or Heritage Building Information Modeling) for different purposes, such as to provide as-built information with the ability to interact with the end user and uploading information (e.g., historical photographs, documents about materials, or any past restoration projects) into the BIM model. This research will focus on providing an interactive rich virtual 3D model for heritage management. This virtual environment can be employed in cultural tourism and used for the abovementioned purposes. The research project has been adopted in the case of the Zainal Historical House (Bayt Zainal) located in the Historic District of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This house is described as one of the significant historical buildings in the historic district. The key aim for selecting this case study is to bridge the gap in architectural knowledge regarding these heritage buildings and their hybrid structural systems (i.e., integration of steel or concrete with the traditional “Mangbi” stone technique).

Community and heritage management: Linking stakeholders to archaeological sites in Kichakbadh

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Management Issues

Community has been much of a striking terminology these days when associated with heritage management. Communities living nearby heritage sites, while at one hand are agents of conservation, on the other hand are sources of destruction in heritage sites and agents of risks. As such, this research unfolds the contested roles of local people for taking ownership of heritage management, understanding heritages, transmitting oral intangible values and valuing destination image at Kichakbadh Province -1, Nepal. The research, aimed at studying heritage management issues around the site has been supplemented by multiple field visits, numerous questionnaires and interviews with locals, visitors and experts. This article chiefly deals with the second phase of author’s exploration carried out on an annual fair called Maghe Purnima at Kichakbadh in 2019. While science of archaeology restricts human activities in conserved places, large fairs are held in archaeologically sensitive areas of Kichakbadh posing threats to archeological wealth there. To utter dismay, archaeological crimes are still common in many sites at Kichakbadh. Multiple field-visits, questionnaire with the stakeholders, visitors and community during the fair reveal that minimal traces of community and state level endeavors to conserve the sites do not meet the vast rescue requirements that Kichakbadh is actually in need of.

scholarly journals Underground Environments, Worldviews, and Sustainable Stewardship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12837
Author(s):  
Reuben Grima
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
A Value ◽  
Site Manager ◽  
Selection Of

This paper examines an aspect of a value-based approach to underground built heritage (UBH). A key tool for the manager of any built heritage today is the mapping of its manifold values for different audiences, to inform their management strategy. This paper first reviews an important paradigm shift that has occurred in the humanities and in cultural heritage management, leading to the recognition of the centrality of the worldviews and lived experience of the different members that make up communities. Drawing on a selection of examples from the literature, it then demonstrates how many UBH sites across a wide spectrum of cultures acquired cosmological and cultic value and significance in a way that is qualitatively different to most built heritage sites above ground. The spectrum of challenges that this poses to the UBH site manager is then outlined by reviewing literature on a selection of UBH examples, from prehistoric archaeological sites to living religious sites. Some key guiding principles are proposed for the management of these different scenarios. Culturally sensitive management that respects the existing value systems of local communities is indispensable wherever such communities are present. Decision-makers need to be keenly aware of these value systems and need to recognize, empower, and complement existing traditional systems of stewardship.

scholarly journals Optimization of Photogrammetric Flights with UAVs for the Metric Virtualization of Archaeological Sites. Application to Juliobriga (Cantabria, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Javier Sedano-Cibrián ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Beatriz Malagón-Picón
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Taguchi Design Of Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
North Of Spain

Three-dimensional models are required to virtualize heritage sites. In recent years, different techniques that ease their generation have been consolidated, such as photogrammetry with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Nonmetric cameras allow relatively inexpensive data collections. Traditional aerial photogrammetry has established methodologies, but there are not commonly used recommendations for the selection of parameters when working with UAV platforms. This research applies the Taguchi Design of Experiments Method, with four parameters (height of flight, forward and lateral overlaps, and inclination angle of the sensor) and three levels (L9 matrix and nine flights), to determine the set that offers the best metric goodness and, therefore, the most faithful model. The Roman civitas of Juliobriga (Cantabria, North of Spain) was selected for this experiment. The optimal flight results of the average signal-to-noise ratio analysis were height of 15 m, forward and lateral overlaps of 80%, and inclination of 0° (nadiral). This research also highlights the noticeable contribution of the inclination in the accuracy of the model with respect to the others, which is 16.4 times higher than that of the less relevant one (height of flight). This leads to propose avoiding inclination angle as a variable, and the sole development of nadiral flights to obtain accurate models.

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