scholarly journals The distribution of serotype-specific plasmids among different subgroups of strains ofSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis: characterization of molecular variants by restriction enzyme fragmentation patterns

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Rankin ◽  
C. E. Benson ◽  
D. J. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Additional Restriction ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns

SUMMARYFour hundred and thirty-four isolates ofSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis were studied. They were grouped into five subsets defined by either the collection criteria or the parameter which formed the basis for subsequent analysis. Seventy-seven per cent harboured the serotype-specific plasmid (SSP). In 55% of the isolates this was the sole plasmid. Molecular variation in the SSP was detected in 17 (5%) of the isolates on the basis of restriction enzyme fragmentation pattern (REFP) analysis usingPstI andSmaI. The SSP variants were further characterized using additional restriction enzymes chosen to optimize the information content and analysed using a coefficient of similarity.A variant SSP designated pOG690 showed greater resemblance to the SSP ofSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium than Enteritidis; 89% and 68% respectively forPstI and 79% and 55% respectively forSmaI. In respect of thePstI data pOG690 shared at least 55 kb of DNA with the Typhimurium SSP and 37 kb with the SSP of Enteritidis. This variant was associated with poultry (duck, goose, chicken) and all isolates belonged to phage type 9b. Other variants were associated with phage types 4, 6, 6a, 9a, 11, 15 and 24. The epidemiological implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genomes of a Diverse Collection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Definitive Phage Type 104

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (24) ◽  
pp. 8155-8162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona J. Cooke ◽  
Derek J. Brown ◽  
Maria Fookes ◽  
Derek Pickard ◽  
Alasdair Ivens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Mlst Type ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
Type Sequence

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals for almost three decades. We completed the full DNA sequence of one DT104 strain, NCTC13348, and showed that significant differences between the genome of this isolate and the genome of the previously sequenced strain Salmonella serovar Typhimurium LT2 are due to integrated prophage elements and Salmonella genomic island 1 encoding antibiotic resistance genes. Thirteen isolates of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 with different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were analyzed by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), plasmid profiling, hybridization to a pan-Salmonella DNA microarray, and prophage-based multiplex PCR. All the isolates belonged to a single MLST type, sequence type ST19. Microarray data demonstrated that the gene contents of the 13 DT104 isolates were remarkably conserved. The PFGE DNA fragment size differences in these isolates could be explained to a great extent by differences in the prophage and plasmid contents. Thus, here the nature of variation in different Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates is further defined at the gene and whole-genome levels, illustrating how this phage type evolves over time.

Characterization of SEN3800-associated virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 8

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Shippy ◽  
Nicholas M. Eakley ◽  
Dareen M. Mikheil ◽  
Anna De La Cotera ◽  
Amin A. Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis

scholarly journals Correlation of Phenotype with the Genotype of Egg-Contaminating Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4388-4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Morales ◽  
Steffen Porwollik ◽  
Jonathan G. Frye ◽  
Hailu Kinde ◽  
Michael McClelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Phenotype Microarray ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Phage Types

ABSTRACT The genotype of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was correlated with the phenotype using DNA-DNA microarray hybridization, ribotyping, and Phenotype MicroArray analysis to compare three strains that differed in colony morphology and phage type. No DNA hybridization differences were found between two phage type 13A (PT13A) strains that varied in biofilm formation; however, the ribotype patterns were different. Both PT13A strains had DNA sequences similar to that of bacteriophage Fels2, whereas the PT4 genome to which they were compared, as well as a PT4 field isolate, had a DNA sequence with some similarity to the bacteriophage ST64b sequence. Phenotype MicroArray analysis indicated that the two PT13A strains and the PT4 field isolate had similar respiratory activity profiles at 37°C. However, the wild-type S. enterica serovar Enteritidis PT13A strain grew significantly better in 20% more of the 1,920 conditions tested when it was assayed at 25°C than the biofilm-forming PT13A strain grew. Statistical analysis of the respiratory activity suggested that S. enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 had a temperature-influenced dimorphic metabolism which at 25°C somewhat resembled the profile of the biofilm-forming PT13A strain and that at 37°C the metabolism was nearly identical to that of the wild-type PT13A strain. Although it is possible that lysogenic bacteriophage alter the balance of phage types on a farm either by lytic competition or by altering the metabolic processes of the host cell in subtle ways, the different physiologies of the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains correlated most closely with minor, rather than major, genomic changes. These results strongly suggest that the pandemic of egg-associated human salmonellosis that came into prominence in the 1980s is primarily an example of bacterial adaptive radiation that affects the safety of the food supply.

scholarly journals Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Differentiation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Phage Types

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3538-3544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Preisner ◽  
Raquel Guiomar ◽  
Jorge Machado ◽  
Jos� Cardoso Menezes ◽  
Jo�o Almeida Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

ABSTRACT Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and chemometric techniques were used to discriminate five closely related Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage types, phage type 1 (PT1), PT1b, PT4b, PT6, and PT6a. Intact cells and outer membrane protein (OMP) extracts from bacterial cell membranes were subjected to FT-IR analysis in transmittance mode. Spectra were collected over a wavenumber range from 4,000 to 600 cm−1. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to develop calibration models based on preprocessed FT-IR spectra. The analysis based on OMP extracts provided greater separation between the Salmonella Enteritidis PT1-PT1b, PT4b, and PT6-PT6a groups than the intact cell analysis. When these three phage type groups were considered, the method based on OMP extract FT-IR spectra was 100% accurate. Moreover, complementary local models that considered only the PT1-PT1b and PT6-PT6a groups were developed, and the level of discrimination increased. PT1 and PT1b isolates were differentiated successfully with the local model using the entire OMP extract spectrum (98.3% correct predictions), whereas the accuracy of discrimination between PT6 and PT6a isolates was 86.0%. Isolates belonging to different phage types (PT19, PT20, and PT21) were used with the model to test its robustness. For the first time it was demonstrated that FT-IR analysis of OMP extracts can be used for construction of robust models that allow fast and accurate discrimination of different Salmonella Enteritidis phage types.

scholarly journals Involvement of a Salmonella Genomic Island 1 Gene in the Rumen Protozoan-Mediated Enhancement of Invasion for Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Carlson ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Zoe P. McCuddin ◽  
Mark A. Rasmussen ◽  
Sharon K. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Invasion Assays

ABSTRACT Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that may be more virulent than related strains lacking the multiresistance phenotype. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 is the most prevalent of these multiresistant/hypervirulent strains. Multiresistance in DT104 is conferred by an integron structure, designated Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), while we recently demonstrated DT104 hyperinvasion mediated by rumen protozoa (RPz) that are normal flora of cattle. Hyperinvasion was also observed in other Salmonella strains, i.e., other S. enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types and other S. enterica serovars, like S. enterica serovar Infantis, possessing SGI1, while DT104 strains lacking SGI1 were not hyperinvasive. Herein we attempted to identify SGI1 genes involved in the RPz-mediated hyperinvasion of Salmonella strains bearing SGI1. Transposon mutagenesis, coupled with a novel reporter system, revealed the involvement of an SGI1 gene previously designated SO13. Disruption of SO13 expression led to an abrogation of hyperinvasion as assessed by tissue culture invasion assays and by bovine challenge experiments. However, hyperinvasion was not observed in non-SGI1-bearing strains of Salmonella engineered to express SO13. That is, SO13 and another SGI1 gene(s) may coordinately upregulate invasion in DT104 exposed to RPz.

scholarly journals Diversity of Phage Types among Archived Cultures of the Demerec Collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Rabsch ◽  
R. Allen Helm ◽  
Abraham Eisenstark
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Receptor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT The existence of several thousand Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and LT7 cultures originally collected by M. Demerec and sealed in agar stab vials for 33 to 46 years is a resource for evolutionary and mutational studies. Cultures from 74 of these vials, descendants of cells sealed and stored in nutrient agar stabs several decades ago, were phage typed by the Callow and Felix, Lilleengen, and Anderson systems. Among 53 LT2 archived strains, 16 had the same phage type as the nonarchival sequenced LT2 strain. The other 37 archived cultures differed in phage typing pattern from the sequenced strain. These 37 strains were divided into 10 different phage types. Among the 19 LT7 strains, only one was similar to the parent by phage typing, while 18 were different. These 18 strains fell into eight different phage types. The typing systems were developed to track epidemics from source to consumer, as well as geographic spread. The value of phage typing is dependent upon the stability of the phage type of any given strain throughout the course of the investigation. Thus, the variation over time observed in these archived cultures is particularly surprising. Possible mechanisms for such striking diversity may include loss of prophages, prophage mosaics as a result of recombination events, changes in phage receptor sites on the bacterial cell surface, or mutations in restriction-modification systems.

scholarly journals rDNA fingerprinting as a tool in epidemiological analysis ofSalmonella typhiinfections

1991 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nastasl ◽  
C. Mammina ◽  
M. R. Villafrate
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Type C ◽  
Gene Restriction

SUMMARYCharacterization of 169 strainsof Salmonella typhiof phage types C1, C4, D1and D9isolated in 1975–88 was carried out by rDNA gene restriction pattern analysis. Twenty-four isolates had been recovered during four large waterbone outbreaks in the last 20 years in Sicily; 145 strains, isolated from apparently sporadic cases of infection in Southern Italy in the same period of time, were also examined.Application of rRNA–DNA hybridization technique after digestion of chromosomal DNA withClaI showed the identity of patterns of the epidemic strains of phage types C1and D1, confirming attribution of the outbreaks to single bacterial clones. Patterns of the two available strains of lysotype D9were slightly different, whilst the 12 epidemic strains of phage type C4could be assigned to two distinct patterns scarcely related to each other and, consequently, to two different clones. A considerable heterogeneity was detected among all apparently sporadic isolates of the four phage types under study.This fingerprinting method appears a reliable tool to complement phage typing in characterizing isolates ofS. typhi.In particular, epidemiological features of spread of this salmonella serovar in areas, where simultaneous circulation of indigenous and imported strains occurs, can be elucidated.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Supports the Presence of Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains in the British Garden Bird Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 8139-8144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becki Lawson ◽  
Laura A. Hughes ◽  
Tansy Peters ◽  
Elizabeth de Pinna ◽  
Shinto K. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within Great Britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. Postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from England and Wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. Salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. A subset of 124 fully biotypedSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium isolates was examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the hypothesis that these strains are host adapted and to determine whether this molecular technique offers greater resolution in understanding the epidemiology ofSalmonellaTyphimurium infection than phage typing alone. For the two most common phage types, definitive type (DT) 40 and DT56v, which together accounted for 97% (120/124) of isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings closely correlated with phage type with remarkably few exceptions. A high degree of genetic similarity (>90%) was observed within and between the two most common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groups. No clustering or variation was found in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings by bird species, year, or geographical region beyond that revealed by phage typing. These findings support the hypothesis that there are currently two host-adaptedSalmonellaphage types,S. Typhimurium DT40 and DT56v, circulating widely in British garden birds and that the reservoir of infection is maintained within wild bird populations. Large-scale multilocus sequence typing studies are required to further investigate the epidemiology of this infection.

scholarly journals Phage type conversion in Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis caused by the introduction of a resistance plasmid of incompatibility group X (IncX)

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. BAGGESEN ◽  
D. J. PLATT ◽  
J. E. OLSEN
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Type Conversion ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis

The plasmid pOG670, a 54 kb, conjugative plasmid that specifies resistance to ampicillin and kanamycin and belonging to the incompatibility group X (IncX), was transferred into 10 isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis belonging to 10 different phage types (PT1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 9b, 10, 11 and 13). Acquisition of the plasmid by these strains did not result in the loss of any resident plasmids but resulted in phage type conversion in 8 of the 10 strains (PT1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 9b, 10 and 11). The observed changes in phage type were found to result from the loss of sensitivity to 3 of the 10 typing phages used (phages 3, 5 and 7). Where the conversion resulted in a change to a defined phage type, both the new and original PTs belonged to the same, previously described, evolutionary lines. Enteritidis PTs 1, 4 and 8, commonly associated with poultry world-wide, were converted to PTs 21, 6 and 13a respectively. The results indicate a different route for phage type conversion Enteritidis from others reported in the literature and, although IncX plasmids are not normally present in PT8 or PT13a, may suggest a possible mechanism/link connecting these phage types.

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