Carriage of multiple ribotypes of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaein Aboriginal infants with otitis media

SUMMARYRibotyping with the restriction enzymeXbaI was used to study the dynamics of carriage of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzae(NCHi) in Aboriginal infants at risk of otitis media. Carriage rates of NCHi in the infants in the community were very high; the median age for detection was 50 days and colonization was virtually 100% by 120 days of age and persisted at a high level throughout the first year of life [1]. Eighteen different ribotypes of NCHi were identified from 34 positive swabs taken from 3 infants over a period of 9 months. The same ribotypes were recovered for up to 3 months from consecutive swabs of individual infants, and 12 of 27 swabs (44·4%) yielded two ribotypes from four colonies typed. Statistical analysis suggested that most swabs would have been positive for two ribotypes if enough colonies had been typed although the second most frequent ribotype was detected on average in only 13% of strains. Early colonization and carriage of multiple ribotypes of NCHi may help to explain the chronicity of carriage and thus the persistence of otitis media in Aboriginal infants.

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التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

Journal of Education College Wasit University ◽

10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss34.800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (34) ◽

pp. 391-422

Author(s):

اشواق حسن حميد صالح

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Solar Brightness ◽

The Subject ◽

Climate Station ◽

The Times ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed 3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

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Listening and Language at 4 Years of Age

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3503.588 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 588-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Judith S. Gravel ◽

Ina F. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Test Procedure ◽

First Year ◽

Language Abilities ◽

Standardized Measures ◽

Cognitive Measure ◽

Listening Task ◽

First Year Of Life

The effect of early otitis media on preschoolers’ listening and language abilities was examined in a cohort of prospectively followed children. At 4 years of age, children considered otitis negative and otitis positive during the first year of life were examined using a speech-incompetition task and several standardized measures of language and cognitive function. An adaptive test procedure was used, with sentence materials from the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test (PSI) (Jerger & Jerger, 1984). Results indicated that children with positive histories of otitis media during the first year required a more advantageous signal-to-competition ratio to perform at 50% sentence intelligibility than did their otitis-negative peers. There was no interaction between birth status (high-risk or full-term) and adaptive PSI listening task outcome. No differences between the groups were found In either receptive or expressive language abilities or in cognitive abilities. Further, there was no relationship between any language or cognitive measure and the adaptive PSI result

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Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20142014008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 494-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽

Sthella Zanchetta

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Normal Range ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

History Of ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

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Levels of household mold associated with respiratory symptoms in the first year of life in a cohort at risk for asthma.

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.021100781 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 110 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Janneane F Gent ◽

Ping Ren ◽

Kathleen Belanger ◽

Elizabeth Triche ◽

Michael B Bracken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Long Term Communication Deficiencies in Children with Otitis Media During Their First Year of Life

Acta Oto-Laryngologica ◽

10.3109/00016489709117770 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 206-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. J. Ruben ◽

I. F. Wallace ◽

J. Gravel

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Otitis Media in the First Year of Life

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894900990s718 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 99 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 33-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Colin D. Marchant ◽

Paul A. Shurin

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Respiratory Viral Infections in the First Year of Life: Association With Acute Otitis Media Development

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciu714 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽

Pedro Alvarez-Fernandez ◽

Kristofer Jennings ◽

Rocio Trujillo ◽

Tal Marom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

Media Development ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections ◽

First Year Of Life

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Pacifier use and the occurrence of otitis media in the first year of life

BDJ ◽

10.1038/sj.bdj.4801412a ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 192 (9) ◽

pp. 511-511

Author(s):

T Watts

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Pacifier Use

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Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508116282 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (11) ◽

pp. 1722-1726 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Samuli Rautava ◽

Seppo Salminen ◽

Erika Isolauri

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Controlled Study ◽

First Year ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽

First Year Of Life

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probioticsLactobacillus rhamnosusGG andBifidobacterium lactisBb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·90);P = 0·014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0·52 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·92);P = 0·015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·95);P = 0·022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.

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