scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: associated morbidity and effectivencess of control measures

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Law ◽  
O. N Gill ◽  
A Turner
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Hospital ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
South East England ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYThe strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalent in south-east England produced in one acute hospital in a year 40 infections (bacteraemia, pneumonia and surgical wound, skin and urinary tract infections) with three attributable deaths. Rigorous measures succeeded in controlling the outbreak despite its extent, but our results suggest that less stringent measures could fail to control outbreaks of this scale. Several subsequent localized outbreaks within the hospital, probably caused by separate re-introductions of MRSA from other hospitals, were controlled by re-instigation of control measures on individual wards. The overall success of the intervention was shown by the decline in the incidence of MRSA infections from 27 in the 6 months beforehand to 2 in the most recent 6 months, and by the decline in the prevalence of colonization among patients 10 or more days in hospital from 52% immediately before the intervention to 3% 7 months after it. The incidence of attributable morbidity and death without control measures warrants a concerted effort to tackle the epidemic in all affected hospitals in Britain.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

The Analysis of the Impact of a Mild, Low-iodine, Lotion Soap on the Reduction of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A New Opportunity for Surveillance by Objectives

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Onesko ◽  
Eugene C. Wienke
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Teaching

AbstractA significant unremitting increase in the incidence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a 500-bed acute care community teaching hospital prompted reevaluation of the efficacy of the infection control measures used. A well-accepted, low-iodine, antimicrobial soap was used to replace a liquid natural handsoap in two areas with the highest incidence of MRSA—the intensive care unit, and a medical division.Over a two-year period, an analysis was made of the effect of soap replacement on nosocomial infections and pathogens. Soap changeover occurred at the midpoint of the two-year period. From year to year, the nosocomial MRSA rate decreased 80% (t test, P=0.005). Other pathogens that demonstrated a dramatic decrease included methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), infections where no pathogens were isolated, and various gram-negative infections. Categories of nosocomial infections that decreased included surgical wound infections, primary bacteremias, and respiratory tract infections. The overall nosocomial infection rate of the two combined areas decreased 21.5%, representing a year-to-year savings of $109,500. As a result, the decision was made to install the low-iodine hand-soap permanently at all sinks within the hospital.

scholarly journals Human urine alters methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence and transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Paudel ◽  
Kamal Bagale ◽  
Swapnil Patel ◽  
Nicholas J. Kooyers ◽  
Ritwij Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tract Infections

Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of hospital-associated urinary tract infections (UTI), especially in catheterized individuals. Despite being rare, MRSA UTI are prone to potentially life-threatening exacerbations such as bacteremia that can be refractory to routine antibiotic therapy. To delineate the molecular mechanisms governing MRSA urinary pathogenesis, we exposed three S. aureus clinical isolates, including two MRSA strains to human urine for 2h and analyzed virulence characteristics and changes in gene expression. The in vitro virulence assays showed that human urine rapidly alters adherence to human bladder epithelial cells and fibronectin, hemolysis of sheep RBCs, and surface hydrophobicity in a staphylococcal strain-specific manner. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis of uropathogenic strain MRSA-1369 revealed that 2h-long exposure to human urine alters MRSA transcriptome, by modifying expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing metabolic pathways, virulence factors, and transcriptional regulators. In summary, our results provide important insights into how human urine specifically and rapidly alters MRSA physiology and facilitates MRSA survival in the nutrient-limiting and hostile urinary microenvironment. Importance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an uncommon cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the general population. However, it is important to understand MRSA pathophysiology in the urinary tract because isolation of MRSA in urine samples often precedes potentially life-threatening MRSA bacteremia. In this report, we describe how exposure to human urine alters MRSA global gene expression and virulence. We hypothesize that these alterations may aid MRSA in acclimating to the nutrient-limiting, immunologically hostile conditions within the urinary tract leading to MRSA-UTI.

scholarly journals Copper Resistance Promotes Fitness of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus during Urinary Tract Infection

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panatda Saenkham-Huntsinger ◽  
Amanda N. Hyre ◽  
Braden S. Hanson ◽  
George L. Donati ◽  
L. Garry Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Infectious Condition

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common infectious condition affecting people throughout the world. Increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing UTI threatens our ability to continue to treat patients in the clinics.

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