Laboratory surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in New South Wales, Australia, before and after introduction of 7-valent conjugate vaccine: reduced disease, but not antibiotic resistance rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OFTADEH ◽  
H. F. GIDDING ◽  
G. L. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

SUMMARYWe compared serotype distributions ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates from patients aged <5 and ⩾5 years with invasive pneumococcal disease in New South Wales, Australia, and antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from the <5 years age group only, before (2002–2004) and after (2005–2009) introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Overall, there were significant decreases in the mean annual number of referred isolates (770vs. 515) and the proportion belonging to PCV7 serotypes (74%vs. 38%), but non-PCV7 serotypes, particularly 19A, increased (5%vs. 18%). All changes were more marked in the <5 years age group. Susceptibility testing of isolates from the <5 years age group showed variation in resistance between serotypes, but significant overall increases in penicillin non-susceptibility (23%vs. 31%), ceftriaxone resistance (2%vs. 12%) and multidrug resistance (4%vs. 7%) rates; erythromycin resistance fell (32%vs. 25%). Continued surveillance is needed to monitor changes following the introduction of 13-valent PCV in 2012.

Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in urban New South Wales, 1997–1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 173 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B McIntyre ◽  
Robin E Gilmour ◽  
Gwendolyn L Gilbert ◽  
Alyson M Kakakios ◽  
Craig M Mellis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic and serotype coverage by vaccines, 1997–2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MOTLOVA ◽  
C. BENES ◽  
P. KRIZ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Notification Data

SUMMARYWe studied the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Czech Republic by analysing two sources of data. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis based on routine notification data varied between 0·4 and 0·6/100 000 population between 1997 and 2006. The incidence of IPD based on laboratory surveillance varied between 2·3 and 4·3/100 000 population between 2000 and 2006. The annual IPD incidence remained stable during the study period. Estimates of absolute IPD case-load in the entire country varied from 235 to 437 per year. The age-specific incidence was highest in the <1 year age group, reaching 4·3/100 000 for pneumococcal meningitis in routine notification and 15·7/100 000 for IPD in laboratory-based surveillance data, respectively. A total of 1236 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and sterile body sites were investigated. The most frequent serotypes causing IPD in all ages were 3, 4, 14, 8 and 19F, accounting for 41·5% of all isolates. The most frequent serotypes by age group were: <1 year (6B and 19F); 1–4 years (14, 6B and 23F); 40–64 years (3, 8 and 4), and ⩾65 years (3, 4, 9N and 14). The coverage of serotypes in all age groups by pneumococcal vaccines ranged from 41·5% for 7-valent conjugate vaccine to 67·9% for 13-valent conjugate vaccine. The coverage of serotypes causing IPD is significantly different between infants/children and adults/elderly. PCV-7 coverage by age group was: <1 year (66·0%), 1–4 years (65·1%), 40–64 years (34·4%) and ⩾65 years (39·3%). Similar age differences between infants/children and adults/elderly were found in coverage by PCV-9, PCV-11 and PCV-13. The distribution of serotypes in the total population and individual age groups was stable during the period 2000–2006.

Use of contraception among married women in New South Wales, Austrlia

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Catholic Women

SummaryThis paper examines the current use of contraception among a sample of 6646 married women of reproductive age interviewed during 1972–73 in metropolitan and country areas of the state of New South Wales, Australia. The analysis shows that contraception is widely practised in all segments of the population, though to a lesser extent among the Catholic women and those born is southern Europe. In conjunction with now easily available induced abortion, this has resulted in a precipitous drop in the annual number of marital births.

Increased incidence of serotype-1 invasive pneumococcal disease in young female adults in The Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. VAN MENS ◽  
A. M. M. VAN DEURSEN ◽  
S. C. A. MEIJVIS ◽  
B. J. M. VLAMINCKX ◽  
E. A. M. SANDERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Serotype 1

SUMMARYAnalysis of the Dutch national invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance data by sex reveals an increase in the incidence of serotype-1 disease in young female adults in The Netherlands after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the national immunization schedule. This has led to an overall increase in IPD in women aged 20–45 years, which was not observed in men of the same age. No other differences in serotype shifts possibly induced by the introduction of PCV7 were observed between the sexes in this age group. Serotype 1 is a naturally fluctuating serotype in Europe and it has been associated with disease in young healthy adults before. It remains uncertain whether or not there is an association between the observed increase in serotype-1 disease in young female adults and the implementation of PCV7 in The Netherlands.

scholarly journals Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After Introduction Into Routine Pediatric Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Baxter ◽  
Laurie Aukes ◽  
Stephen I Pelton ◽  
Arnold Yee ◽  
Nicola P Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background In 2010, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced 7-valent PCV (PCV7) for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study used laboratory surveillance data to examine the effect of PCV13 on IPD before and after PCV13 introduction among children aged 6 weeks to &lt;6 years and those aged ≥6 weeks. Methods Observational laboratory-based IPD surveillance data were compared for the periods May 2010–April 2018 and May 2008–April 2010 (the PCV7 period) using a database of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) members with laboratory-confirmed IPD. Results Among children aged 6 weeks to 6 years, overall IPD incidence decreased from 11.57 per 100 000 during the PCV7 period to 4.09 per 100 000 after PCV13 introduction; PCV13-type IPD incidence decreased from 5.12 to 0.84 per 100 000. Non-PCV13−serotype IPD did not change significantly in this age group (PCV7 period, 1.71 per 100 000 and after PCV13, 2.52 per 100 000). Of cases occurring in this group, bacteremia was the most common clinical diagnosis. Across all ages, IPD decreased from 9.49 to 6.23 per 100 000 and PCV13-type IPD decreased from 4.67 to 1.89 per 100 000, changes being mostly due to decreases in serotypes 19A and 7F. IPD caused by non-PCV13 serotypes did not change (3.34 and 3.35 per 100 000). Overall, pneumococci isolated after PCV13 introduction had increased susceptibility to penicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. This prospective, laboratory-based surveillance study in Kaiser Permanente Northern California members examined annual IPD incidence before and after PCV13 introduction. In children aged 6 weeks to &lt;6 years, IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly (84%) during the surveillance period. Conclusions IPD incidence decreased further in every age group after PCV13 introduction, suggesting both direct vaccination effects in the infant population and indirect effects in adults. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01128439.

scholarly journals Projected acute inpatient activity in New South Wales — aIM2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Jones ◽  
Greg Hardes ◽  
Stephen Ryan ◽  
Jennifer Sheehan ◽  
Cathryn Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bed Days

Objectives: To describe the statewide projections of acute inpatient activity in New South Wales. Methods: Data on acute inpatient activity in NSW for the period 1998?1999 to 2003?04 were derived from the Admitted Patient Data Collection. Regression analysis was used to project trends in utilisation and length of stay by age group, clinical specialty groups and stay type (day-only and overnight). The projected separation rates and length of stay were subject to clinical review. Projected separation rates (by age group, clinical speciality and stay type) were applied to NSW population projections to derive the projected number of separations. Bed-days were calculated by applying projected overnight average length of stay. Results: Total acute inpatient activity in NSW public hospitals is projected to increase from around 1.05 million separations in 2004 to around 1.3 million separations by 2017 (24%). Same-day separations are projected to increase from around 368 000 to around 514 000 (40%). Overnight separations are projected to rise from around 690 000 in 2003?04 to around 798 000 in 2016?17 (18%). Overnight bed-days are projected to increase from around 3.7 million in 2003?04 to around 4.1 million bed-days in 2017 (12%). Differences across age groups and clinical specialties are also evident from the modelling.

scholarly journals Deaths Attributed to Anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984–1990

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Warden ◽  
B. F. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Postoperative Care ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
Or Management ◽  
South Wales

The New South Wales Special Committee Investigating Deaths Under Anaesthesia classified 1503 deaths before full recovery from anaesthesia occurring between 1984 and 1990. 172 deaths were attributed to anaesthesia, including 11 in which the anaesthetic choice or management could not be criticized. In the remaining 161 an average of 1.8 errors per case were identified, the most frequent being inadequate preparation of the patient (in 72 cases), inadequate postoperative care (52 cases), the technique of anaesthesia chosen (44 cases) and overdose (43 cases). Death was most commonly attributed to anaesthesia in elderly patients (modal age group 70–79), in males (1.9:1) and was most commonly associated with abdominal and orthopaedic operations. Urgent non-emergency cases, 10% of the 1503 cases classified, constituted 26% of those deaths attributed to anaesthesia. One death attributable to anaesthesia occurred per 20,000 operations and the rate of such deaths was 0.44 per 100,000 population per annum.

Genetic variation in liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in Australian Poll Dorset sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Atkins ◽  
JI Murray ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
AL Luff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Breed Improvement

Genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances were estimated for liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in the Australian Poll Dorset. The data were obtained from the New South Wales Meatsheep Testing Service between 1983 and 1986, and involved 28 159 records from 50 stud flocks. A total of 681 sires were used to derive the half-sib genetic parameters. The data were further grouped according to average age at measurement, so that parameters were estimated for animals within age ranges of 4-6 months, 7-11 months and 12-16 months. Heritabilities for liveweight were between 0.21 and 0.31, with the highest value obtained in the oldest age group. Heritabilities for fat depth varied between 0.26 and 0.31, with the highest value again obtained in the oldest age group. Genetic correlations between liveweight and fat depth were about 0.4 except in 4-6-month-old animals where the estimate was about 0.7. The implications of these parameters to breed improvement programmes are discussed. In particular, the scope for genetic response in producing faster growing, leaner animals at a constant liveweight is highlighted. Information on sire-son generation intervals and apparently limited between-flock genetic variation is reported. The results indicate the need to improve the evaluation procedures for sires within the breed at both the between- and within-flock level.

scholarly journals Distribution of Serotypes, Genotypes, and Resistance Determinants among Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Fanrong Kong ◽  
Shahin Oftadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
New South ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Important Clinical Problem ◽  
Methylase Gene

ABSTRACT Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has emerged as an important clinical problem worldwide over the past decade. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenotypes (serotype and antibiotic susceptibility), genotypes (multilocus sequence type [MLST] and antibiotic resistance gene/transposon profiles) among the 31% (102/328) of invasive isolates from children in New South Wales, Australia, in 2005 that were resistant to erythromycin. Three serotypes—19F (47 isolates [46%]), 14 (27 isolates [26%]), and 6B (12 isolates [12%])—accounted for 86 (84%) of these 102 isolates. Seventy four (73%) isolates had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotype and carried Tn916 transposons (most commonly Tn6002); of these, 73 (99%) contained the erythromycin ribosomal methylase gene [erm(B)], 34 (47%) also carried the macrolide efflux gene [mef(E)], and 41 (55%) belonged to serotype 19F. Of 28 (27%) isolates with the M phenotype, 22 (79%) carried mef(A), including 16 (57%) belonging to serotype 14, and only six (19%) carried Tn916 transposons. Most (84%) isolates which contained mef also contained one of the msr(A) homologues, mel or msr(D); 38 of 40 (95%) isolates with mef(E) (on mega) carried mel, and of 28 (39%) isolates with mef(A), 10 (39%) carried mel and another 11(39%) carried msr(D), on Tn1207.1. Two predominant macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae clonal clusters (CCs) were identified in this population. CC-271 contained 44% of isolates, most of which belonged to serotype 19F, had the MLSB phenotype, were multidrug resistant, and carried transposons of the Tn916 family; CC-15 contained 23% of isolates, most of which were serotype 14, had the M phenotype, and carried mef(A) on Tn1207.1. Erythromycin resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates in New South Wales is mainly due to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains or horizontal spread of the Tn916 family of transposons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document