Genetic variation in liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in Australian Poll Dorset sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Atkins ◽  
JI Murray ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
AL Luff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Breed Improvement

Genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances were estimated for liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in the Australian Poll Dorset. The data were obtained from the New South Wales Meatsheep Testing Service between 1983 and 1986, and involved 28 159 records from 50 stud flocks. A total of 681 sires were used to derive the half-sib genetic parameters. The data were further grouped according to average age at measurement, so that parameters were estimated for animals within age ranges of 4-6 months, 7-11 months and 12-16 months. Heritabilities for liveweight were between 0.21 and 0.31, with the highest value obtained in the oldest age group. Heritabilities for fat depth varied between 0.26 and 0.31, with the highest value again obtained in the oldest age group. Genetic correlations between liveweight and fat depth were about 0.4 except in 4-6-month-old animals where the estimate was about 0.7. The implications of these parameters to breed improvement programmes are discussed. In particular, the scope for genetic response in producing faster growing, leaner animals at a constant liveweight is highlighted. Information on sire-son generation intervals and apparently limited between-flock genetic variation is reported. The results indicate the need to improve the evaluation procedures for sires within the breed at both the between- and within-flock level.

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for pre-weaning growth and weaning conformation of Angus cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
EB Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
South Wales

Weaning weight (WW) and conformation score (CS) records on Angus calves from four New South Wales herds were analysed by least-squares procedures. Paternal half-sib components of variance and covariance were used to obtain estimates of heritabilities of various measures of growth and cs, as well as genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations. Estimates of the heritabilities of measures of growth ranged from 0.20 (all data) to 0.24 when derived from heifer data only. The heritability of cs was 0.24 when the data were adjusted for ww, and 0.19 when no covariate was included in the analysis. All correlations among different measures of growth were positive and close to unity. There were small positive phenotypic and environmental correlations (0.19 to 0.36) and small negative genetic correlations between ww and cs (–0.02 to –0.41).

Laboratory surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in New South Wales, Australia, before and after introduction of 7-valent conjugate vaccine: reduced disease, but not antibiotic resistance rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OFTADEH ◽  
H. F. GIDDING ◽  
G. L. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

SUMMARYWe compared serotype distributions ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates from patients aged <5 and ⩾5 years with invasive pneumococcal disease in New South Wales, Australia, and antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from the <5 years age group only, before (2002–2004) and after (2005–2009) introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Overall, there were significant decreases in the mean annual number of referred isolates (770vs. 515) and the proportion belonging to PCV7 serotypes (74%vs. 38%), but non-PCV7 serotypes, particularly 19A, increased (5%vs. 18%). All changes were more marked in the <5 years age group. Susceptibility testing of isolates from the <5 years age group showed variation in resistance between serotypes, but significant overall increases in penicillin non-susceptibility (23%vs. 31%), ceftriaxone resistance (2%vs. 12%) and multidrug resistance (4%vs. 7%) rates; erythromycin resistance fell (32%vs. 25%). Continued surveillance is needed to monitor changes following the introduction of 13-valent PCV in 2012.

scholarly journals Growth, Form and Quambalaria Shoot Blight Tolerance of Spotted Gum in North-eastern New South Wales, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Johnson ◽  
A. J. Carnegie ◽  
M. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shoot Blight

AbstractA young provenance/progeny trial of spotted gums, which are major hardwood plantation species in subtropical eastern Australia, was studied for growth, form, and damage from Quambalaria shoot blight. The trial contained a wide range of genotypes, mainly of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata, with between one and 21 families per provenance. Genetic parameters were calculated from 23 provenances with four or more families. Provenances superior for growth included four well-represented C. citriodora subsp. variegata provenances, all from south-east Queensland, which also had a high proportion of superior families. Overall, Queensland provenances had significantly higher mean diameter and height than those from New South Wales (NSW), although there were several superior NSW families. Provenances superior for growth also displayed good straightness and relatively fine branching. Relatively low Quambalaria shoot blight damage was recorded for four Queensland provenances and one coastal NSW provenance, which all had high proportions of families with low damage. Provenances that were putative intergrades between C. citriodora subsp. variegata and C. maculata tended to have high damage levels. However, some mediocre provenances contained superior families potentially useful for breeding. Regressions of Quambalaria damage index (QDI) on latitude, and mean height growth on QDI, were highly significant and moderately strong (0.51 and 0.58, respectively), indicating increasing damage in more southern material, and a retarding effect (although not striking) of damage on growth. Individual heritability estimates were low (zero to 0.14) for growth and form, and moderate for QDI (0.31). The genetic correlations for QDI with growth traits were strong and negative (-0.77 and -0.88), supporting a strategy of selecting vigorous trees for breeding programs from provenances and families superior for these traits.

scholarly journals Projected acute inpatient activity in New South Wales — aIM2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Jones ◽  
Greg Hardes ◽  
Stephen Ryan ◽  
Jennifer Sheehan ◽  
Cathryn Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bed Days

Objectives: To describe the statewide projections of acute inpatient activity in New South Wales. Methods: Data on acute inpatient activity in NSW for the period 1998?1999 to 2003?04 were derived from the Admitted Patient Data Collection. Regression analysis was used to project trends in utilisation and length of stay by age group, clinical specialty groups and stay type (day-only and overnight). The projected separation rates and length of stay were subject to clinical review. Projected separation rates (by age group, clinical speciality and stay type) were applied to NSW population projections to derive the projected number of separations. Bed-days were calculated by applying projected overnight average length of stay. Results: Total acute inpatient activity in NSW public hospitals is projected to increase from around 1.05 million separations in 2004 to around 1.3 million separations by 2017 (24%). Same-day separations are projected to increase from around 368 000 to around 514 000 (40%). Overnight separations are projected to rise from around 690 000 in 2003?04 to around 798 000 in 2016?17 (18%). Overnight bed-days are projected to increase from around 3.7 million in 2003?04 to around 4.1 million bed-days in 2017 (12%). Differences across age groups and clinical specialties are also evident from the modelling.

scholarly journals Deaths Attributed to Anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984–1990

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Warden ◽  
B. F. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Postoperative Care ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
Or Management ◽  
South Wales

The New South Wales Special Committee Investigating Deaths Under Anaesthesia classified 1503 deaths before full recovery from anaesthesia occurring between 1984 and 1990. 172 deaths were attributed to anaesthesia, including 11 in which the anaesthetic choice or management could not be criticized. In the remaining 161 an average of 1.8 errors per case were identified, the most frequent being inadequate preparation of the patient (in 72 cases), inadequate postoperative care (52 cases), the technique of anaesthesia chosen (44 cases) and overdose (43 cases). Death was most commonly attributed to anaesthesia in elderly patients (modal age group 70–79), in males (1.9:1) and was most commonly associated with abdominal and orthopaedic operations. Urgent non-emergency cases, 10% of the 1503 cases classified, constituted 26% of those deaths attributed to anaesthesia. One death attributable to anaesthesia occurred per 20,000 operations and the rate of such deaths was 0.44 per 100,000 population per annum.

Integrating demographic and genetic studies of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans in fragmented forests: predicting movement patterns and rates for future testing

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lindenmayer ◽  
R. C. Lacy ◽  
H. Tyndale-Biscoe ◽  
A. C. Taylor ◽  
K. L. Viggers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
South Wales

Habitat loss and habitat fragmentation can have major effects on the distribution and abundance of species (Saunders et al. 1987), often in unpredictable ways (Klein 1989; Tilman et al. 1994; Lacy and Lindenmayer 1995; Cunningham and Moritz 1998). An understanding of responses of species, which lead to persistence or extinction in such disturbed systems, is important for the effective management of many taxa in fragmented multi-use landscapes. One way to examine population dynamics in fragmented systems is to analyse the genetic characteristics of subpopulations in remnant habitat patches (Sarre 1995), borrowing from the population genetics literature for the interpretation of key effects. For example, it is well established that a small, completely isolated population will lose genetic variation rapidly due to genetic drift (Lacy 1987). However, loss of genetic variation within, and increasing differentiation between, subpopulations will be counteracted by inter-population dispersal. Theoretical models of metapopulation structure which describe connectivity and stability can be examined using various demographic input parameters. Importantly, such models can also produce predictions for genetic structuring, making the combined use of modelling and empirical genetic data an extremely powerful tool in examining the effects of habitat fragmentation. On this basis, we have recently commenced a series of integrated demographic and genetic studies of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans at Tumut in southern New South Wales. The study area near Tumut in southeastern New South Wales is characterized by an array of remnant patches of eucalypt forest (0.2?125 ha in size) that were created 15?65 years ago by the establishment of an extensive (50 000 ha) plantation of exotic softwood, Radiata Pine Pinus radiata and known as the Buccleuch State Forest (Routley and Routley 1975). Large areas of continuous native eucalypt forest occur at the boundaries of the plantation (Fig. 1), including those within the Brindabella and Kosciuszko National Parks, and the Bondo and Bungongo State Forests.

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