Multiple outbreaks of a novel norovirus GII.4 linked to an infected post-symptomatic food handler

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. THORNLEY ◽  
J. HEWITT ◽  
L. PERUMAL ◽  
S. M. VAN GESSEL ◽  
J. WONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Norovirus Gii

SUMMARYMultiple norovirus outbreaks following catered events in Auckland, New Zealand, in September 2010 were linked to the same catering company and investigated. Retrospective cohort studies were undertaken with attendees of two events: 38 (24·1%) of 158 surveyed attendees developed norovirus-compatible illness. Attendees were at increased risk of illness if they had consumed food that had received manual preparation following cooking or that had been prepared within 45 h following end of symptoms in a food handler with prior gastroenteritis. All food handlers were tested for norovirus. A recombinant norovirus GII.e/GII.4 was detected in specimens from event attendees and the convalescent food handler. All catering company staff were tested; no asymptomatic norovirus carriers were detected. This investigation improved the characterization of norovirus risk from post-symptomatic food handlers by narrowing the potential source of transmission to one individual. Food handlers with gastroenteritis should be excluded from the workplace for 45 h following resolution of symptoms.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Fracture and Postfracture Adverse Events in Patients With Diabetes: Two Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Studies

Diabetes Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2246-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chang Liao ◽  
Chao-Shun Lin ◽  
Chun-Chuan Shih ◽  
Chun-Chieh Yeh ◽  
Yi-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

scholarly journals Reproductive changes in women with celiac disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
L. S. Oreshko ◽  
E. A. Semenova ◽  
G. Ch. Alieva ◽  
O. V. Basyul
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

The article presents a review of retrospective cohort studies of fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with celiac disease. The article presents the results of our own observations of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis 17 women with celiac disease for the period from 2016 to 2020. Materials and methods. Information collected from patients was analyzed in retrospective cohort studies. Patients with celiac disease and healthy women of reproductive age were included in these studies. Result. The ability of IgA and IgG class antibodies to tissue transglutaminase to disrupt trophoblast invasiveness and endometrial endothelial cell differentiation underlies the failure of early placentation in celiac disease. In the case of the latent course of celiac disease there is an increased risk of recurrent miscarriages and preterm births, impaired growth of the fetus with low birth weight. Conclusion. Given the high percentage of unidentified diagnoses, it is extremely important to identify risk groups for timely treatment and prevention of complications.

Assessing the Feasibility of Retrospective Cohort Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Steenland ◽  
Leslie Stayner ◽  
Alice Greife
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

Management of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy After Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Whether to, When to, and How to Restart an Anticoagulation Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kido ◽  
Michael J. Scalese
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

Objective: To evaluate current clinical evidence for management of oral anticoagulation therapy after gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with an emphasis on whether to, when to, and how to resume an anticoagulation therapy. Data Sources: Relevant articles from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were identified from 1946 through May 20, 2017, using the keywords: gastrointestinal hemorrhage or gastrointestinal bleeding and antithrombotic therapy or anticoagulation therapy or warfarin or dabigatran or rivaroxaban or apixaban or edoxaban.Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language studies assessing management of oral anticoagulation therapy after GIB were evaluated. Data Synthesis: A total of 9 studies were identified. Four retrospective cohort studies showed that resuming anticoagulation therapy was associated with significantly lower rate of thromboembolism (TE) in the general population. Meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies also supported this finding. Two retrospective cohort studies indicated an increase in GIB when anticoagulation reinitiation occurred in less than 7 days without a decrease in TE. Resuming therapy between 7 and 15 days did not demonstrate a significant increase in GIB or TE. A large retrospective study showed that apixaban was associated with the significantly lowest risk of GIB compared with both rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Conclusion: Anticoagulation therapy resumption is recommended, with resumption being considered between 7 and 14 days following GIB regardless of the therapy chosen. Data for warfarin management after GIB should be applied with caution to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) because of the quicker onset and experimental nature of reversal agents. Apixaban may be a preferred option when restarting a DOAC therapy.

scholarly journals Incidence of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation is altered by timing of allograft implantation

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S Cunningham ◽  
Robert Maidstone ◽  
Hannah J Durrington ◽  
Rajamayier V Venkateswaran ◽  
Marcelo Cypel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Primary Graft Dysfunction ◽  
Graft Dysfunction ◽  
Donor Lung ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Clock Protein

The importance of circadian factors in managing patients is poorly understood. We present two retrospective cohort studies showing that lungs reperfused between 4 and 8 AM have a higher incidence (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.21; p=0.01) of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in the first 72 hours after transplantation. Cooling of the donor lung, occurring during organ preservation, shifts the donor circadian clock causing desynchrony with the recipient. The clock protein REV-ERBα directly regulates PGD biomarkers explaining this circadian regulation while also allowing them to be manipulated with synthetic REV-ERB ligands.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort studies of repeat donors reveal donor‐dependent variability in the recovery of transfused platelets

Transfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1837-1845
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Stefely ◽  
Michael Gailey ◽  
Michael Knudson ◽  
Larry J. Dumont ◽  
Thomas J. Raife ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies
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