Experimental infection of dogs with H3N2 canine influenza virus from China

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2595-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. ZENG ◽  
Y. LIN ◽  
Y. B. ZHAO ◽  
C. P. LU ◽  
Y. J. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Canine Influenza

SUMMARYCanine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of A/canine/Jiangsu/06/2010 (H3N2) virus isolated in China. Nine dogs were inoculated intranasally with 107·95 of 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) of the virus. The onset of clinical signs and virus shedding was observed on day 1 post-infection (p.i.). The peak clinical score occurred between days 4 and 6 p.i. The experimentally infected dogs were found to shed virus not only via the respiratory tract but also via the digestive tract. Viral RNA could be detected in multiple organs including the trachea, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain and duodenum. All the sampled organs from infected dogs showed significant lesions and viral antigen staining. The results differed from those reporting using previous CIV strains; the Chinese isolate could induce extrapulmonary infection and cause extensive lesions in dogs.

scholarly journals A novel reassortant canine H3N1 influenza virus between pandemic H1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daesub Song ◽  
Hyoung-Joon Moon ◽  
Dong-Jun An ◽  
Hye-Young Jeoung ◽  
Hyekwon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Pandemic Influenza H1n1 ◽  
Canine Influenza

During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 canine influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1–99.9 %) to pandemic influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequence of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99.6 %) to that of CIV H3N2 isolated in Korea and China. Dogs infected with the novel H3N1 CIV did not show any notable symptoms, in contrast to dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Despite no visible clinical signs of disease, nasal shedding of virus was detected and the infected dogs presented mild histopathological changes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Yuanguo Li ◽  
Xinghai Zhang ◽  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Ye Feng ◽  
Tiecheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Canine Influenza

Avian H3N2 influenza virus follows cross-host transmission and has spread among dogs in Asia since 2005. After 2015–2016, a new H3N2 subtype canine influenza epidemic occurred in dogs in North America and Asia. The disease prevalence was assessed by virological and serological surveillance in dogs in China. Herein, five H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) strains were isolated from 1185 Chinese canine respiratory disease samples in 2017–2018; these strains were on the evolutionary branch of the North American CIVs after 2016 and genetically far from the classical canine H3N2 strain discovered in China before 2016. Serological surveillance showed an HI antibody positive rate of 6.68%. H3N2 was prevalent in the coastal areas and northeastern regions of China. In 2018, it became the primary epidemic strain in the country. The QK01 strain of H3N2 showed high efficiency in transmission among dogs through respiratory droplets. Nevertheless, the virus only replicated in the upper respiratory tract and exhibited low pathogenicity in mice. Furthermore, highly efficient transmission by direct contact other than respiratory droplet transmission was found in a guinea pig model. The low-level replication in avian species other than ducks could not facilitate contact and airborne transmission in chickens. The current results indicated that a novel H3N2 virus has become a predominant epidemic strain in dogs in China since 2016 and acquired highly efficient transmissibility but could not be replicated in avian species. Thus, further monitoring is required for designing optimal immunoprophylactic tools for dogs and estimating the zoonotic risk of CIV in China.

scholarly journals Protection against the New Equine Influenza Virus Florida Clade I Outbreak Strain Provided by a Whole Inactivated Virus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Sylvia Reemers ◽  
Sander van Bommel ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
Saskia van de Zande
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
High Level

Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in horses. Vaccination is an effective tool for infection control. Although various EIV vaccines are widely available, major outbreaks occurred in Europe in 2018 involving a new EIV H3N8 FC1 strain. In France, it was reported that both unvaccinated and vaccinated horses were affected despite >80% vaccination coverage and most horses being vaccinated with a vaccine expressing FC1 antigen. This study assessed whether vaccine type, next to antigenic difference between vaccine and field strain, plays a role. Horses were vaccinated with an ISCOMatrix-adjuvanted, whole inactivated virus vaccine (Equilis Prequenza) and experimentally infected with the new FC1 outbreak strain. Serology (HI), clinical signs, and virus shedding were evaluated in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated horses. Results showed a significant reduction in clinical signs and a lack of virus shedding in vaccinated horses compared to unvaccinated controls. From these results, it can be concluded that Equilis Prequenza provides a high level of protection to challenge with the new FC1 outbreak strain. This suggests that, apart from antigenic differences between vaccine and field strain, other aspects of the vaccine may also play an important role in determining field efficacy.

scholarly journals Canine Influenza Virus is Mildly Restricted by Canine Tetherin Protein

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yun Zheng ◽  
Xiangqi Hao ◽  
Qingxu Zheng ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Factor ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Tetherin (BST2/CD317/HM1.24) has emerged as a key host-cell ·defence molecule that acts by inhibiting the release and spread of diverse enveloped virions from infected cells. We analysed the biological features of canine tetherin and found it to be an unstable hydrophilic type I transmembrane protein with one transmembrane domain, no signal peptide, and multiple glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, the tissue expression profile of canine tetherin revealed that it was particularly abundant in immune organs. The canine tetherin gene contains an interferon response element sequence that can be regulated and expressed by canine IFN-α. A CCK-8 assay showed that canine tetherin was effective in helping mitigate cellular damage caused by canine influenza virus (CIV) infection. Additionally, we found that the overexpression of canine tetherin inhibited replication of the CIV and that interference with the canine tetherin gene enhanced CIV replication in cells. The impact of canine tetherin on CIV replication was mild. However, these results elucidate the role of the innate immune factor, canine tetherin, during CIV infection for the first time.

scholarly journals In VitroSusceptibility of Canine Influenza A (H3N8) Virus to Nitazoxanide and Tizoxanide

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura V. Ashton ◽  
Robert L. Callan ◽  
Sangeeta Rao ◽  
Gabriele A. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
The Impact ◽  
H3n8 Virus

Infection of dogs with canine influenza virus (CIV) is considered widespread throughout the United States following the first isolation of CIV in 2004. While vaccination against influenza A infection is a common and important practice for disease control, antiviral therapy can serve as a valuable adjunct in controlling the impact of the disease. In this study, we examined the antiviral activity of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and tizoxanide (TIZ) against three CIV isolatesin vitro. NTZ and TIZ inhibited virus replication of all CIVs with 50% and 90% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.17 to 0.21 μMand from 0.60 to 0.76 μM, respectively. These results suggest that NTZ and TIZ are effective against CIV and may be useful for treatment of canine influenza in dogs but further investigation of thein vivoefficacy against CIV as well as the drug's potential for toxicity in dogs is needed.

scholarly journals Evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of H3N8 canine influenza virus in dogs

Virus Genes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Pecoraro ◽  
Susi Bennett ◽  
Miranda E. Spindel ◽  
Gabriele A. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Hemagglutinin Gene ◽  
Canine Influenza

scholarly journals Role of CARD Region of MDA5 Gene in Canine Influenza Virus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Fu ◽  
Shaotang Ye ◽  
Yongbo Liu ◽  
Shoujun Li
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Card Domain ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
Receptor Family

MDA5 belongs to the RIG-I-like receptor family, which is involved in innate immunity. During viral infection, MDA5 generates an antiviral response by recognizing the ligand to activate interferon. However, the role and mechanism of MDA5 in canine influenza virus (CIV) infection are unclear. To understand the mechanism of canine MDA5-mediated innate immunity during CIV infection, we detected the distribution of MDA5 in beagles, and the structural prediction showed that MDA5 was mainly composed of a CARD domain, RD domain, and DExD/H helix structure. Moreover, we found that MDA5 inhibits CIV replication. Furthermore, in the dual luciferase assay, we revealed that the CARD region of MDA5 strongly activated the IFN-β promoter and mainly transmitted signals through the CARD region. Overexpression of the CARD region of MDA5 revealed that the MDA5-mediated signaling pathway could transmit signals by activating the IRF3/NF-κB and IRF3 promoters, promoting the expression of antiviral proteins and cytokine release, thereby inhibiting CIV replication. Upon silencing of MDA5, cytokine production decreased, while the replication ability of CIV was increased. Thus, this study revealed a novel mechanism by which MDA5 mediated CIV infection and provided new avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.

Short communication: isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus in dog shelter, China

Virus Genes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Su ◽  
Ziguo Yuan ◽  
Jidang Chen ◽  
Jiexiong Xie ◽  
Huatao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Canine Influenza

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomics to Characterize Host Response During H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Infection of Dog Lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo Liu ◽  
Cheng Fu ◽  
Shaotang Ye ◽  
Yingxin Liang ◽  
Zhonghe Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza

Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) cause severe contagious respiratory disease in dogs, and quickly adapt to new environments. To further understand the mechanism of virus infection and host-virus interactions, we characterized the complete phosphoproteome of dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Nine-week-old Beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally with 106 EID50 of A/canine/Guangdong/04/2014 (H3N2) virus. Lung sections were harvested at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) and processed for global and quantitative analysis of differentially expressed phosphoproteins. A total of 1,235 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in the dog lung after H3N2 CIV infection, and 3,016 modification sites were identified among all differentially expressed proteins. We then performed an enrichment analysis of functional annotations using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) database analyses to predict the functions of the identified differential phosphoproteins. Our data indicate that H3N2 CIV infection causes dramatic changes in the host protein phosphorylation of dog lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effect of H3N2 CIV infection on the phosphoproteome of beagles. These data provide novel insights into H3N2-CIV-triggered regulatory phosphorylation circuits and signaling networks and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CIV pathogenesis in dogs.

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